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Cable Fault Detection Improvement of STDR Using Reference Signal Elimination

인가신호 제거를 이용한 STDR의 케이블 고장 검출 성능 향상

  • 전정채 (한국전기안전공사 전기안전연구원) ;
  • 김택희 (한국전기안전공사 전기안전연구원)
  • Received : 2016.01.13
  • Accepted : 2016.03.03
  • Published : 2016.03.31

Abstract

STDR (sequence time domain reflectometry) to detect a cable fault using a pseudo noise sequence as a reference signal, and time correlation analysis between the reference signal and reflection signal is robust to noisy environments and can detect intermittent faults including open faults and short circuits. On the other hand, if the distance of the fault location is far away or the fault type is a soft fault, attenuation of the reflected signal becomes larger; hence the correlation coefficient in the STDR becomes smaller, which makes fault detection difficult and the measurement error larger. In addition, automation of the fault location by detection of phase and peak value becomes difficult. Therefore, to improve the cable fault detection of a conventional STDR, this paper proposes the algorithm in that the peak value of the correlation coefficient of the reference signal is detected, and a peak value of the correlation coefficient of the reflected signal is then detected after removing the reference signal. The performance of the proposed method was validated experimentally in low-voltage power cables. The performance evaluation showed that the proposed method can identify whether a fault occurred more accurately and can track the fault locations better than conventional STDR despite the signal attenuation. In addition, there was no error of an automatic fault type and its location by the detection of the phase and peak value through the elimination of the reference signal and normalization of the correlation coefficient.

케이블에 인가되는 신호로 의사잡음 수열을 사용하여 인가신호와 반사신호의 시간 상관 분석을 실시하여 케이블 고장을 검출하는 STDR (sequence time domain reflectometry)은 노이즈 환경에 강하고, 단선, 합선을 포함한 간헐적 고장의 검출이 가능한 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 고장 위치의 거리가 멀거나 경미한 고장의 경우 반사신호의 감쇄가 크고 상관계수가 작아지게 되어, 케이블 고장 판별이 어렵거나 측정 거리 오차가 커진다. 또한 위상과 피크치 검출에 의한 고장 탐지 자동화가 어렵게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 STDR의 고장 검출 성능을 향상시키기 위해 케이블에 인가되는 인가신호의 상관계수의 최댓값을 검출하고, 다음으로 인가신호를 제거하여 반사신호의 상관계수의 최댓값을 검출하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 저압 전력 케이블에서의 고장 검출 실험을 통해 성능을 입증하였다. 그 결과 제안된 방법은 신호가 감쇄되더라도 전통적인 STDR보다 고장 여부의 정확한 구분과 위치의 추적이 가능하였다. 또한 기준신호 제거와 상관계수의 정규화를 통해 위상과 최대값 검출 방법을 사용함으로써 자동 고장 판별과 거리 계산에 오류가 발생하지 않았다.

Keywords

References

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