Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers (대한전기학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Discharge Characteristics in Soils Subjected to Lightning Impulse Voltages

  • Kim, Seung Min (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University) ;
  • Yoo, Yang-Woo (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Bok-Hee (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Inha University)
  • Received : 2015.03.28
  • Accepted : 2015.10.07
  • Published : 2016.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, we present experimental results of the soil discharge characteristics as a function of moisture content when a 1.2/50-㎲ lightning impulse voltage is applied. For this study, laboratory experiments were carried out based on factors affecting the transient behavior in soils. The electrical breakdown voltages in soils were measured for a 0-6% range of moisture content for sand and a 0 - 4% range of moisture content for gravel. A test cell with semi-spherical electrodes buried face-to-face in the middle of a cylindrical container was used. The distance separating the electrodes is 100 mm. As a result, the time-lag to breakdown in soils decreases as the amplitude of applied voltage increases. The time-lag to initiation of ionization streamer is decreased, with an increase in the moisture content. However, the formative time-lag is rarely changed. The behavior of soil discharges depend not only on the type of soil and its moisture content but also on the amplitude of the impulse voltage. When the test voltage is applied repeatedly, electrical breakdown occurs along different discrete paths, leading radially away from the injected electrode. i.e., the fact that the ionization streamers propagate in different paths from shot to shot was observed.

Keywords

References

  1. V. A. J. van Lint, J. W. Erler, “Electrical Breakdown of Earth in Coaxial Geometry”, IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science(NS), Vol. NS-29, No. 6, pp. 1891-1896, 1982.
  2. I. F. Genos, I.A. Stathopulos, “Soil ionization under lightning impulse voltages,” IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol. 151, pp. 343-346, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20040667
  3. P. Espel, R. R. Diaz, A. Bonamy, and J. N. Silva, “Electrical Parameters Associated With Discharges in Resistive Soils,” IEEE Trans. PD, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 1174-1182, 2004.
  4. N. Mohamad Nor and A. Ramli "Effects of Moisture content, impulse polarity and earth electrode's dimension on dry and wet sand under high voltage conditions", Euro. Trans. Electr. Power, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, DOI; 10.1002, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002
  5. L. Grcev, “Impulse Efficiency of Ground Electrodes”, IEEE Trans. on PD, Vol.24, No.1, pp.441-451, 2009.
  6. Y. W. Yoo, S. C. Cho and B. H. Lee, “Ionization Characteristics of a Ground Rod with Radial Needle under Lightning Impulse”, Proc. 5th ALPF, pp. 187-190, 2008.
  7. S. Sekioka, M. I. Lorentzou, M. P. Philippakou, and J. M. Prousalidis, “Current-Dependent Grounding Resistance Model Based on Energy Balance of Soil Ionization”, IEEE Trans. PD, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 194-201, 2006.
  8. Z. Song, M. R. Raghuveer and J. He, “Model for prediction of characteristics of lightning breakdown channels in soil in the presence of a buried cable”, IEE Proc.-Genere. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 150, No. 5, pp. 623-628, Sep. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20030580
  9. N. Mohamad Nor, A. Haddad, and H. Griffiths, “Characterization of Ionization Phenomena in Soils under Fast Impulses”, IEEE Trans. PD, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 353-361, 2006.
  10. N. Mohamad Nor, A. Haddad, and H. Griffiths, “Performance of Earthing Systems of Low Resistivity Soils”, IEEE Trans. PD, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 2039-2047, 2006.
  11. N. Mohamad Nor and A. Ramli, “Electrical properties of dry soil under high impulse currents”, Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 65, pp. 500-505, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2006.11.005
  12. J. Wang, A. C. Liew, M. Darveniza, “Extension of Dynamic Model of Impulse Behavior of Concentrated Grounds at High Currents”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery(PD), Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 2160-2165, 2005.
  13. V. A. Rakov, et al, "New insights into lightning processes gained from triggered-lightning experiments in Florida and Alabama", J. Geophys., Res., Vol. 103, No. D12, pp. 14, 117-14,130, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02149
  14. Y. W. Yoo, “Analysis of Transient Ground Impedances Caused by Soil Discharges”, Ph. D. dissertation, Inha University, Korea, pp. 2-3, 2015.
  15. IEEE Std 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, IEEE Inc, pp. 49-63, 2000.
  16. Abdul M. Mousa, “The Soil Ionization Gradient associated with discharge of high currents into concentrated electrode”, IEEE Trans, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 1669-1677, 1994.
  17. E. Kuffel, W. S. Xaengl and J. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering - Fundamentals, 2nd ed., Butterworth-heinemann, pp. 359-365, 2000.
  18. T. M. Flanagan, C. E. Mallon, R. Denson, and R. E. Leadon, “Electrical Breakdown Properties of Soil”, IEEE Trans. on NS, Vol. NS-28, No. 6, pp. 4432-4439, 1981.
  19. IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1 : General definition and test requirements, pp. 14~22, 2001.
  20. J. W. Erler and D. P. Snowden, “High Resolution Studies of the Electrical Breakdown of Soil”, IEEE Trans. on NS, Vol. NS-30, No.6, pp.4564-4567, 1983.
  21. A. Phillips, Guide for Transmission Line Grounding, A Roadmap for Design, Testing, and Remediation: Part 1 – Theory Book, EPRI, pp. 5-47~5-52, 2006.
  22. B. H. Lee, G. H. Park, H. G. Kim, and K. S. Lee, “Analysis of Soil Ionization Behavior under Impulse Currents”, J. Electrical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 4, pp. 99-105, 2009.

Cited by

  1. High Voltage Discharge Profile on Soil Breakdown Using Impulse Discharge vol.210, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/210/1/012040