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Study on Material Characterization of Earthen Wall of Buddhist Mural Paintings in Joseon Dynasty

조선시대 사찰벽화 토벽체의 재질특성 연구

  • Lee, Hwa Soo (Department of Conservation Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 이화수 (한국전통문화대학교 기술과학대학 보존과학과)
  • Received : 2016.02.15
  • Accepted : 2016.03.14
  • Published : 2016.03.20

Abstract

In this study, 5 mural paintings in the Buddhist temples of Joseon era were researched for component analysis on the soil contained in the walls. The results of particle size analysis showed that the ratio of particle contents were different in each layer. In the finishing layer, the distribution of the middle sand fraction is higher than that of the middle layer. The results of XRD analysis showed that quartz, feldspar, and clay mineral are the main components of sand, suggesting similar mineral composition to that of ordinary soil component. It seems weathered rocks were used for construction of the walls. The main chemical components detected from EDX analysis were Si, Al, Fe, and K. Also the SEM images showed sand or clay sized minerals. In conclusion, the walls of the buddhist mural paintings in Joseon Dynasty had been constructed by using the loess, and had been produced by using mixture of clay and sand particles of different sizes for each layer. This study identified the characteristics of the materials and the manufacturing technologies used on the walls of mural paintings of Buddhist temples in Joseon era.

조선시대 5개 전각의 사찰벽화를 대상으로 벽체를 구성하는 토양성분에 대한 분석조사를 실시하였다. 입도분석 결과 층위에 따라 구성입자의 함량이 다르게 나타났으며, 마감층이 중벽층에 비해 중립사 이상크기 입자 분포가 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 토양 구성광물 분석에서는 모래의 주성분인 석영(Q)의 결정상, 장석(F)의 결정상 그리고 점토 광물(C) 등 일반적인 토양과 유사한 광물 조성을 나타내어 벽체는 암석의 풍화산물로 생성된 풍화토를 사용한 것으로 보인다. 화학성분 분석 결과, 실리콘(Si), 알루미늄(Al), 철(Fe) 그리고 포타슘(K)등이 검출되었고, 토양 미세조직에서는 모래 및 점토크기의 토양입자들이 관찰되어 벽체를 구성하는 토양은 암석이 풍화되어 생성된 풍화토와 모래인 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과 벽체는 주로 황토가 사용되었고, 점토와 모래를 혼합하여 층위별 기능에 따라 제작한 것으로 확인되었다. 이번 연구를 통해 조선시대 사찰벽화의 벽체를 구성하는 재질의 특성을 파악하고, 제작기술에 관한 경향성을 제시할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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