The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy (대한지역사회작업치료학회지)

Korean Society of Community Based Occupational Therapy Association (대한지역사회작업치료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Role of Occupational Therapist in Disaster Management

재난상황에서 작업치료사의 역할에 대한 고찰

  • Kim, Jung-Hun (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Far East University)
  • 김정헌 (극동대학교 작업치료학과)
  • Received : 2016.10.24
  • Accepted : 2016.11.24
  • Published : 2016.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : In October 2016, the most powerful earthquake, magnitude 5.1 and 5.8 struck the city of Gyeongju in Korea. Although it did not take a toll, this implicates potential disaster in the future. Taking this earthquake, this paper considers the healthcare system responding to disaster in non-government organization and other countries, and investigates the roles of occupational therapist in disaster management. Methods : This paper reviews literature related to healthcare system and roles of occupational therapist in disaster response. Results : Humanitarian recovery mission of Red Cross impacted and facilitated the recovery of vulnerable population including children, elderly and people with disabilities in disaster response. It was also emphasized by occurring large population with disabilities after disasters so that the concept of rehabilitation and occupational therapist's role was required. Occupational therapy practitioners play an important role in the stage of disaster preparedness, response and recovery and their target population is children, elderly and people with disabilities. Conclusion : The most of NGO and counties take the concept of rehabilitation into healthcare system responding to disaster. However, the system in Korea stays in emergency level. It is important to take the humanitarian recovery and rehabilitation concept to disaster relief. the survivors would be able to return to their normalcy and health life.

목적 : 2016년 10월 경주지역에서 우리나라 관측사상 최고인 5.1과 5.8 규모의 지진이 발생하였다. 비록 피해가 크지는 않았지만 우리나라에서도 언제든지 재난상황을 일으키는 재해가 발생할 수 있다는 것을 암시한다. 이번 지진을 계기로 재난상황에 대해 비정부 기관과 여러 나라의 재난에 대한 보건의료 체계를 작업치료사의 역할을 중심으로 알아보고자 하며, 우리나라의 재난대응 보건의료 체계 개선을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 재난대응 관련 보건의료 체계와 작업치료사의 역할 및 활동에 대한 문헌을 중심으로 고찰하였으며 영문 및 한글 문헌으로 한정하였다. 결과 : 재난상황에서 작업치료사는 약 10년 전부터 활동하게 되었으며 이것은 1994년 적십자사의 '인도주의적 복구' 강령에 따라 소외 및 취약계층인 노인, 어린이 그리고 장애인에 대해 편견 없는 지원이 활발해지면서 시작되었다. 또한 대규모의 인명피해로 인하여 영구 장애의 피해자들이 대규모로 발생하며 재활 서비스가 중요성이 부각되고 작업치료사의 역할이 더욱 강조되었다. 재난대응에 있어서 작업치료사는 준비단계, 대응단계 그리고 회복단계에 따라 역할을 나눌 수 있으며, 재난상황에서 작업치료 주 대상자는 어린이, 노인, 장애인등 취약계층 그리고 복구 지원에 투입된 자원봉사자들이다. 결론 : 세계의 비정부기관과 각 나라에서는 재난대응 보건의료팀 지원체계에 '재활' 개념을 도입하고 있으나 우리나라의 재난대응 보건의료 체계는 응급의료 수준에 머무르고 있다. 세계의 재난대응 보건의료 체계에서와 같이 작업치료사 등 다양한 보건 분야 전문인력을 우리나라의 보건의료 체계에도 포함시켜 보완해야 할 것이다. 이를 통하여 불가항력적으로 발생할 수 있는 재난 발생 시 피해자들의 장애를 최소화하고 안정적인 재활과 더불어 건강한 생활복귀를 이룩할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. 기상청. (2016). [보도자료] 경주 지진 발생 현황. Retrieved from http://web.kma.go.kr/notify/press/kma_list.jsp?bid=press&mode=view&num=1193258
  2. 김수진. (2015). 지역재난의료체계와 의료기관의 재난 대비/대응 체계 구축과 적정 운영. 의료정책포럼, 12(4), 32-40.
  3. 보건복지부 중앙응급의료센터. (2016). 재난응급의료 비상대응매뉴얼. Retrieved from http://www.mohw.go.kr/front_new/jb/sjb0406vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=03&MENU_ID=030406&CONT_SEQ=329536&page=1
  4. 신용식. (2016). 재난의료대응체계에 관한 연구. [A study on System of Disaster Medical Response - Focused on Analysis of EMS Activity of Previous Step in the Hospital Regarding Incident Cases of Mass Casualty -]. 한국방재학회논문집, 16(3), 143-150.
  5. 왕순주. (2016). 국가재난의료매뉴얼의 개발. [Development of the Disaster Medical Manual in Korea]. 한국방 재안전학회 논문집, 9(1), 39-45.
  6. 임상현, 이승형, & 손대성. (2016). <규모 5.8 지진> 대구. 경북 '흔들'...주민 공포에 '덜덜'. 연합뉴스. Retrieved from http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2016/09/12/0200000000AKR20160912198253053.HTML
  7. American Occupational Therapy Association. (2010). Specialized knowledge and skills in mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention in occupational therapy practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(6). S30-S43. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2010.64S30
  8. American Red Cross. (2003). Fact sheet on shelterin-place. Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org/images/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m4340182_shelterinplace.pdf
  9. Gerardi, S. M. (1999). Part I. Work hardening for warriors: Occupational therapy for combat stress casualties. Work, 13(3), 185-195.
  10. Handicap Interanational. (2011). Haiti: Turning disaster into strength (After the earthquake: Two years of action). Retrieved from http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/haiti_turning_disaster_into_strength.pdf
  11. Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists. (2013). The second "Five year strategy for occupational therapy (2013-2017)" Retrieved from http://www.jaot.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/activities_of_jaot_01.pdf
  12. Klappa, S., Audette, J., & Do, S. (2014). The roles, barriers and experiences of rehabilitation therapists in disaster relief: post-earthquake Haiti 2010. Disability and rehabilitation, 36(4), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.791726
  13. Lee, H. C. (2014). The role of occupational therapy in the recovery stage of disaster relief: a report from earthquake stricken areas in China. Australian Occupational Thererapy Journal, 61(1), 28-31. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12106
  14. Lei, B. L., Zhou, Y., Zhu, Y., Huang, X. Y., Han, S. R., Ma, Q., . . . Li, Y. Q. (2008). Emergency response and medical rescue in the worst hit Mianyang areas after the Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine, 1(1), 27-36.
  15. McColl, M. A. (2002). Occupation in stressful times. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(3), 350-353. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.56.3.350
  16. Red Cross. (1994). Principles of conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent movement and NGOs in disaster response programme. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Retrieved from http://www.ifrc.org/en/publications-and-reports/code-of-conduct/
  17. Red Cross. (2007). Disability and disasters: towards an inclusive approach. Retrieved from http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/99876/2007/WDR2007-English-4.pdf
  18. Rosenfeld, M. S. (1982). A model for activity intervention in disaster-stricken communities. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 36(4), 229-235. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.36.4.229
  19. Scaffa, M. E., Gerardi, S., Herzberg, G., & McColl, M. A. (2006). The role of occupational therapy in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(6), 642. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.60.6.642
  20. Skelton, P., & Foo, W. (2016). Responding internationally to disasters: A do's and don'ts guide for rehabilitation professionals. Retrieved from http://www.wfot.org/Portals/0/PDF/2016/Dos%20and%20Donts%20in%20Disasters%20April%202016.pdf
  21. Smith, T. M., & Scaffa, M. E. (2013). Providing occupational therapy for disaster survivors. In B. A. Schell, G. Gillen, M. Scaffa, & E. S. Cohn (Eds.), Willard and Spackman's occupational therapy (pp. 962-971). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  22. Snedden, D. (2012). Trauma-informed practice: An emerging role of occupational therapy. Occupational Therapy Now, 14(6), 26-28.
  23. Srivastava, A. K., David, M. R., & Ramakrishnan, P. (2006). The disasters in India and occupational therapy response. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, XXXVII(3).
  24. Stark, S. (2013). Stories from the field: reflections on occupational therapy experiences in Haiti following the earthquake. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 68(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1179/otb.2013.68.1.007
  25. Stone, G. V. (2006). Occupational therapy in times of disaster. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(1), 7-8. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.60.1.7
  26. United Nations. (2009). Disaster risk reduction in the United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.unisdr.org/files/9866_DisasterRiskReductionintheUnitedNat.pdf
  27. Watanabe, T. (2012). Roles and cooperation of medical professionals in natural disasters. Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi= Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica, 115(5), 532-538.
  28. World Federation of Occupational Therapists. (2013). Definitions of occupational therapy from member organisations. Retrieved from http://www.wfot.org/aboutus/aboutoccupationaltherapy/definitionofoccupationaltherapy.aspx
  29. World Federation of Occupational Therapists. (2016). Disaster Preparedness and Response (DP&R). Retrieved from http://www.wfot.org/practice/disasterpreparednessandresponsedpr.aspx
  30. World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF: World Health Organization.
  31. World Health Organization. (2013). Classification and minimum standards for foreign medical teams in sudden onset disasters. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hac/global_health_cluster/fmt_guidelines_september2013.pdf?ua=1
  32. Yamkovenko, S. (2008). Occupational therapy's role in disaster relief. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/about-occupational-therapy/professionals/mh/articles/disaster-relief.aspx
  33. Young, B. H., Ford, J. D., Ruzek, J. I., Friedman, M. J., & Gusman, F. D. (1998). Disaster mental health services: A guidebook for clinicians and administrators: National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
  34. Zhang, L., Li, H., Carlton, J. R., & Ursano, R. (2009). The injury profile after the 2008 earthquakes in China. Injury, 40(1), 84-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2008.08.045