Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prediction on Habitat Distribution in Mt. Inwang and Mt. An Using Maxent

Maxent 모형을 활용한 인왕산-안산 서식지 분포 예측

  • Received : 2016.07.29
  • Accepted : 2016.12.06
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we predicted species distributions in Mt. Inwang and Mt. An as preceding research to build ecological corridor by considering connectivity of habitats which have been fragmented in the city. We analyzed species distributions by using Maxent (Maximum Entropy Approach) model with species presence. We used 23 points of mammals and 15 points of Titmouse (Parus major, P. palustris, P. varius) as target species from appearance points of species examined. We build 4 geography factors, 4 vegetation factors, and 2 distance factors as model variables In case of mammals, factors that affected species distribution model was Digital Elevation Model(DEM, 34%) followed by Distance from edge forest to interior (24.8%) and Species of tree (10%). On the other hand, in case of Parus species, factors that affected species distribution model were DEM (39.6%) followed by distance from road (35.4%) and Density-class (8.2%). Therefore, birds and mammals prefer interior of mountain, and this area needs to be protected.

본 연구에서는 도심 내 단절되어 있는 서식지의 연결성을 고려하여 생태통로를 구축하고자 하는 선행연구로 서울시의 인왕산과 안산의 생물 종 분포를 예측하였다. 연구대상지역인 인왕산과 안산의 생물 종 분포는 출현자료만으로도 결과를 예측할 수 있는 Maxent(Maximum Entropy Approach) 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. Maxent 모형을 활용하여 종 분포를 예측하기 위해, 출현자료는 포유류 23개 지점과 박새류(Parus major, P. palustris, P. varius) 3종 15개 지점을 활용하였다. Maxent 모형의 환경변수로는 지형인자 4가지, 식생인자 4가지와 거리인자 2가지를 대상으로 구축하였다. 이 변수들을 활용하여 종 분포를 예측한 결과, 포유류의 경우에는 수치표고자료(DEM)가 34%, 산림지역의 경계로부터 산림내부의 거리가 24.8%, 수종이 10% 순으로 종 분포 모형에 기여도가 높았다. 반면 박새류의 경우에는 수치표고자료가 39.6%, 도로로부터의 거리가 35.4%, 나무의 밀도가 8.2% 순으로 모형에 기여도가 높았다. 따라서 조류 및 포유류는 산림 내부지역을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 지역 보전이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho HJ, Kim DH, Shin MS, Kang TH, Lee MW. 2015. Predicting the goshawk's habitat area using species distribution modeling: case study area Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. J Korean Environment and Ecology. 29(3): 333-343. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.3.333
  2. Choi HS, Kim HA, Kim KG. 2008. Selecting target species for urban ecological network construction - focus on Pangyo new town-. J Korean Environment Restoration Technology. 11(5): 12-24. [Korean Literature]
  3. Choi TY, Park CH. 2006. Home-range of Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides living in the rural area of Korea. J Ecology and Environment. 29(3): 259-263. [Korean Literature]
  4. Edward C, Hubert NL. 1994. Landscape Planning and Ecological Network(Book6). Elsevier Science.
  5. ME: Land cover map [Internet]. 2014. Sejong: Ministry of Environment; [Cited 2015 Dec 10]. Available from: https://egis.me.go.kr/main.do
  6. Elith J, Catherine R, Dudik M, Ferrier S, Guisan A, Huettmann F, John LA, Li J, Lucia B, Manion G, Moritz C, Nakamura M, Nakazawa Y, Jacob A, Steven RK, Scachetti-pereira R, Soberon J, Williams S, Niklaus M. 2006. Novel methods improve prediction of species' distribution from occurrence data. Ecography. 29(2): 129-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x
  7. KFS: Forest type map [Internet]. c2009-2014. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service; [Cited 2015 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.forest.go.kr/
  8. Fleury AM, Brown BD. 1997. A framework for the design of wildlife conservation corridors with specific application to southwestern Ontario. Landscape and urban planning. 37(3): 163-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)80002-3
  9. Forman RT. 1995. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge university press.
  10. Franklin J. 2009. Mapping Species Distributions: Spatial Inference and Prediction. Cambridge University Press.
  11. Jablonski PG, Lee SD. 2002. Foraging niche shifts in mixed-species flocks of tits in Korea. J Field Ornithol. 73(3): 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-73.3.246
  12. Jeong SG, Lee HS, Park JH, Lee DK, Park CH, Seo CW. 2015. Selecting suitable riparian wildlife passage locations for water deer based on MaxEnt model and wildlife crossing analysis. J the Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science. 23(1): 101-111. [Korean Literature]
  13. Seoul Green Environment Center. 2014. A Study on Creating Ecological Network at South-North Region in Seoul City by Utilizing Spatial Data. Seoul Green Environment Center. [Korean Literature]
  14. Jeong JC. 2011. Spatial analysis for the assessment of optimum place of eco-bridge. J Environ Impact Assess. 20(5): 697-703. [Korean Literature]
  15. Jung DH, Kahng BS, Cho CU, Kim SB, Kim JJ. 2016. Analysis of hibernating habitat of Asiatic Black Bear(Ursus thibetanus ussuricus) based on the presence-only model using MaxEnt and Geographic Information System: a comparative study of habitat for non-hibernating period. J Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies. 19(3): 102-113. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2016.19.3.102
  16. Kim DM, Oh HS. 2013. Breeding ecology, according to altitude and temperature variation in Titmouse. J Korean Environment and Ecology. 27(6): 666-675. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2013.27.6.666
  17. Kim JY, Seo CW, Kwon HS, Ryu JE, Kim MJ. 2012. A study on the species distribution modeling using national ecosystem survey data. J Environ Impact Assessment. 21(4): 593-607. [Korean Literature]
  18. Kim KC, Kwon OS. 2000. Estimating the biological growth function of Korean Anchovy: a Maximum Entropy Approach. J Korean Resource Economics Association. 9(2): 285-309. [Korean Literature]
  19. Kim MS. 2005. The existing conditions and problems of ecological corridor in Korea - focusing on planting species. J Korean Environment Restoration Technology. 9(3): 51-58. [Korean Literature]
  20. Kwon HS, Seo CW, Park CH. 2012. Development of species distribution models and evaluation of species richness in Jirisan region. J Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science. 20(3): 11-18. [Korean Literature]
  21. Lee DK, Kim HG. 2010. Habitat potential evaluation using Maxent model- focused on Riparian distance, stream order and land use -. J Korean Environment Restoration Technology. 13(6):161-172. [Korean Literature]
  22. Lee DK, Song WK. 2008. A study on the analytic unit of habitat suitability assessment and selection in conservation areas for Leopard Cat(Prionailurus bengalensis): focus on Chungcheng province area. J Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 36(5): 64-72. [Korean Literature]
  23. Lee YW, Lee MW. 2006 Eco-corridor positioning for target species -by field surveying of mammals' road-kill-. J Korean Environment Restoration Technology. 9(3): 51-58. [Korean Literature]
  24. Ministry of Environment. 2002. Promotion Strategy of Creating Ecological Network. [Korean Literature]
  25. Ministry of Environment. 2015. The Status of Designation of Ecological Landscape Preservation Area ('15.12 Month). [Korean Literature]
  26. NGII: digital map [Internet]. 2011. Suwon: National Geographic Information Institute; [Cited 2015 Dec 10]. Available from: http://map.ngii.go.kr/ms/map/NlipMap.do.
  27. Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling. 190:231-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026
  28. Phillips SJ, Dud?k M. 2008. Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography. 31(2):161-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x
  29. Seo CW, Park YR, Choi YS. 2008 Comparison of species distribution models according to location data. J Korean Society for Geospatial Information System. 16(4): 59-64. [Korean Literature]
  30. Seoul Metropolitan Government. 2009. Academic Study on Ecosystem Research of the City Forest in Seoul City. [Korean Literature]
  31. Seoul Metropolitan Government. 2014. 2030 Seoul Plan. [Korean Literature]
  32. Shin MS. 2013. Species distribution model and land suitability assessment: focused on city in Boryeong. Master's dissertation. Junbuk National University, Korea. [Korean Literature]
  33. Shin MS, Jang RI, Seo CW, Lee MW. 2015. A comparative study on species richness and land suitability assessment - focused on city in Boryeong -. J Environ Impact Assess. 24: 35-50. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2015.24.1.35
  34. Song WK. 2015. Habitat analysis of Hyla suweonensis in the breeding season using species distribution modeling. J Korean Environment Restoration Technology. 18(1): 71-82. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2015.18.1.71
  35. Wilcove DS, MeLellan CH, Dobson AP. 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. Conservation Biology. 6: 237-256.

Cited by

  1. Analysis of Changes in Suitable Habitat Areas of Paridae through Rooftop Greening Simulation-Case Study of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea vol.13, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084514