DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of milling on the electrical properties of Ba(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 ceramic

  • Mahto, Uttam K. (Aryabhatta Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aryabhatta Knowledge University) ;
  • Roy, Sumit K. (Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College) ;
  • Chaudhuri, S. (Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College) ;
  • Prasad, K. (Aryabhatta Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aryabhatta Knowledge University)
  • Received : 2016.08.25
  • Accepted : 2016.11.28
  • Published : 2016.09.25

Abstract

In this work effect of high energy milling on the structural and electrical properties of $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$ (BFT) ceramic synthesized using standard solid-state reaction method were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the unit cell structure for all the samples to be hexagonal (space group: P3m1). FTIR spectra also confirmed the formation of BFT without any new phase. The milled (10 h) BFT ceramic showed the formation of small grain sizes (<$2{\mu}m$) which is beneficial for dielectric applications in high density integrated devices. Besides, the milled (10 h) BFT ceramic sample exhibited superior dielectric properties (enhancement in ${\varepsilon}^{\prime}-value$ and reduction in $tg{\delta}-value$) compared to un-milled one. Impedance analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character. The correlated barrier hopping model (jump relaxation type) is found to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in present ceramic samples.

Keywords

References

  1. Agranovskaya, A.I. (1960), "Physical-chemical investigation of the formation of complex ferroelectrics with the perovskite structure", Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Ser., 24, 1271-1277.
  2. Bhagat, S., AmarNath, K., Chandra, K.P., Singh, R.K., Kulkarni, A.R. and Prasad, K. (2014), "The structural, electrical and magnetic properties of perovskite $(1-x)Ba(Fe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3-xBaTiO_3$ ceramics", Adv. Mater. Lett., 5, 117-121. https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2013.fdm.28
  3. Bhagat, S. and Prasad, K. (2010), "Structural and impedance spectroscopy analysis of $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$ ceramic", Phys. Status Solidi A, 207(5), 1232-1239. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200925476
  4. Bochenek, D., Niemiec, P., Szafraniak-Wiza, I., Adamczyk, M. and Skulski, R. (2015), "Preparation and dielectric properties of the lead-free $BaFe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2}O_3$ ceramics obtained from mechanically triggered powder", Eur. Phys. J. B, 88(10), 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2015-60460-3
  5. Chung, C.-Y., Chang, Y.-H. and Chen, G.-J. (2004), "Effects of lanthanum doping on the dielectric properties of $Ba(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ ceramic", J. Appl. Phys., 96(11), 6624-6628. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1804243
  6. Dutta, A. and Sinha, T.P. (2006), "Dielectric relaxation in Perovskite $Ba(Al_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$", J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 67(7), 1484-1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.02.002
  7. Deepika, Li, L.H., Glushenkov, A.M., Hait, S.K., Hodgson, P. and Chen, Y. (2014), "High-efficient production of boron nitride nanosheets via an optimized ball milling process for lubrication in oil", Sci. Rep., 4, 7288-7293.
  8. Funke, K. (1993), "Jump relaxation in solid electrolytes", Prog. Solid St. Chem., 22(2), 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6786(93)90002-9
  9. Funke, K. (1994), "Jump relaxation model and coupling model - a comparison", J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 172-174, 1215-1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(94)90646-7
  10. Galasso, F. and Darby, W. (1962), "Ordering of the octahedrally coordinated cation position in the perovskite structure", J. Phys. Chem., 66(1), 131-132. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100807a028
  11. Galasso, F., Katz, L. and Ward, R. (1959), "Substitution in the octahedrally coordinated cation positions in compounds of the perovskite type", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81(4), 820-823. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01513a018
  12. Gergs, M., Gamal, G. and Massaud, M. (2007), "Dielectric properties, Deby relaxation time and activation energy of $[(Pb_{1-x}Sr_x)_{1-1.5z}La_z]TiO_3$ ceramics", Egypt. J. Solid, 30, 20-35.
  13. Giri, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Singh, D.K., Kesavamoorthy, R., Panigrahi, B.K. and Nair, K.G.M. (2007), "Correlation between microstructure and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by ball milling", J. Appl. Phys., 102(9), 093515-8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2804012
  14. Intatha, U., Eitssayeam, S., Wang, J. and Tunkasiri, T. (2010), "Impedance study of giant dielectric permittivity in $BaFe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5}O_3$ perovskite ceramic", Curr. Appl. Phys., 10(1), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2009.04.006
  15. Jung, W.-H., Lee, J.-H., Sohn, J.-H., Nam, H.-D. and Cho, S.-H. (2002), "Dielectric loss anomaly in $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$ ceramics", Mater. Lett., 56(3), 334-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00478-0
  16. Ke, S., Lin, P., Fan, H., Huang, H. and Zeng, X. (2013), "Variable-range-hopping conductivity in high-k $Ba(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ ceramics", J. Appl. Phys., 114(10), 104106-7. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4821042
  17. Koops, C. (1951), "On the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant of some semiconductors at audio frequencies", Phys. Rev., 83(1), 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.83.121
  18. Kong, L.B., Zhang, T., Ma, J. and Boey, F. (2008), "Progress in synthesis of ferroelectric ceramic materials via high-energy mechanochemical technique", Prog. Mater. Sci., 53(2), 207-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.05.001
  19. Lee, D., Kim, M.G., Ryu, S., Jang, H.M. and Lee, S.G. (2005), "Epitaxially grown La-modified $BiFeO_3$ magnetoferroelectric thin films", Appl. Phys. Lett., 86(22), 222903-222905. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1941474
  20. Li, G., Liu, S., Liao, F., Tian, S., Jing, X., Lin, J., Uesu, Y., Kohn, K., Saitoh, K., Terauchi, M., Di, N. and Cheng, Z. (2004a), "The structural and electric properties of the perovskite system $BaTiO_3-Ba(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$", J. Solid State Chem., 177(4), 1695-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2003.12.025
  21. Li, J., Wang, J., Wuttig, M., Ramesh, R., Wang, N., Ruette, B. and Pyatakov, A.P. (2004b), "Influence of Mn and Nb dopants on electric properties of chemical-solution-deposited $BiFeO_3$ films", Appl. Phys. Lett., 84(24), 5261-5263. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1764944
  22. Mishra, A., Choudhary, S.N., Prasad, K., Choudhary, R.N.P. and Murthy, V.R.K. (2012), "Dielectric relaxation in complex perovskite $Ba(Bi_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$", J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 23(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0380-3
  23. Patel, P.K., Yadav, K.L., Singh, H. and Yadav, A.K. (2014), "Origin of giant dielectric constant and magnetodielectric study in $Ba(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ nanoceramics", J. Alloys Compd., 591, 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.119
  24. Phatungthane, T., Rujijanagul, G., Pengpat, K., Eitssayeam, S., Tunkasiri, T., Cotica, L.F., Guo, R. and Bhalla, A.S. (2014), "Dielectric and impedance measurements on $(1-x)Ba(Fe_1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3-xBa(Zn_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})O_3$ ceramics", Curr. Appl. Phys., 14(12), 1819-1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2014.09.026
  25. Prasad, K., Bhagat, S., Amarnath, K., Choudhary, S.N. and Yadav, K.L. (2009), "Dielectric relaxation in lead-free perovskite $Ba(Bi_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$", Phys. Status Solidi A, 206(2), 316-320. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200824354
  26. Prasad, K., Bhagat, S., Amarnath, K., Choudhary, S.N. and Yadav, K.L. (2010a), "Electrical conduction in $Ba(Bi_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3$ ceramic: Impedance spectroscopy analysis", Mater. Sci. - Poland, 28(2009), 317-325.
  27. Prasad, K., Chandra, K.P., Bhagat, S., Choudhary, S.N. and Kulkarni, A.R. (2010b), "Structural and electrical properties of lead-free perovskite $BaAl_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$", J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 93(1), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03394.x
  28. Prasad, K., Lily, Kumari, K., Chandra, K.P., Yadav, K.L. and Sen, S. (2007a), "Electrical properties of a lead-free perovskite ceramic: $(Na_{0.5}Sb_{0.5})TiO_3$", Appl. Phys. A, 88(2), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3989-6
  29. Prasad, K., Kumari, K. and Yadav, K.L. (2007b), "Hopping type of conduction in $(Na_{0.5}Bi_{0.5})ZrO_3$ ceramic", J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 68(8), 1508-1514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.03.023
  30. Raevski, I., Prosandeev, S., Bogatin, A., Malitskaya, M. and Jastrabik, L. (2003), "High dielectric permittivity in $AFe_{1/2}B_{1/2}O_3$ nonferroelectric perovskite ceramics (A = Ba, Sr, Ca; B = Nb, Ta, Sb)", J. Appl. Phys., 93(7), 4130-4136. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1558205
  31. Rebuffi, L., Troian, A., Ciancio, R., Carlino, E., Amimi, A., Leonardi, A. and Scardi, P. (2016), "On the reliability of powder diffraction Line Profile Analysis of plastically deformed nanocrystalline systems", Sci. Rep., 6, 20712-20724. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20712
  32. Sahoo, S.K., Agarwal, K., Singh, A.K., Polke, B.G. and Raha, K.C. (2010), "Characterization of ${\gamma}$- and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ nano powders synthesized by emulsion precipitation-calcination route and rheological behaviour of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$", Int. J. Engg. Sci. Technol., 2(8), 118-126.
  33. Sivasankaran, S., Sivaprasad, K., Narayanasamy, R. and Satyanarayana, P. (2011), "X-ray peak broadening analysis of AA $6061_{100−x}$ - xwt.% $Al_2O_3$ nanocomposite prepared by mechanical alloying", Mater. Char., 62 (7), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2011.04.017
  34. Tickoo, R., Tandon, R., Bamzai, K. and Kotru, P. (2003), "Dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics of samarium modified lead titanate ceramics", Mater. Sci. Eng.: B, 103(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5107(03)00178-8
  35. Tiwari, J.P. and Shahi, K. (2007), "Super-linear frequency dependence of ac conductivity of disordered $Ag_2S-Sb_2S_3$ at cryogenic temperatures", Philos. Mag., 87(29), 4475-4500. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786430701551913
  36. Wang, Z., Chen, X.M., Ni, L. and Liu, X.Q. (2007a), "Dielectric abnormities of complex perovskite $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3$ ceramics over broad temperature and frequency range", Appl. Phys. Lett., 90(2), 022904-6. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2430939
  37. Wang, Z., Chen, X.M., Ni, L., Liu, Y.Y. and Liu, X.Q. (2007b), "Dielectric relaxations in $Ba(Fe_{1/2}Ta_{1/2})O_3$ giant dielectric constant ceramics", Appl. Phys. Lett., 90(10), 102905-102907. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2711767

Cited by

  1. Physical properties of lead-free BaFe1/2Nb1/2O3 ceramics obtained from mechanochemically synthesized powders vol.53, pp.19, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2254-z
  2. Mechanochemical Activation and Spark Plasma Sintering of the Lead-Free Ba(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 Ceramics vol.14, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092254