Culinary science and hospitality research (한국조리학회지)

Culinary Society of Korean Academy (한국조리학회)
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Influence of Food-Industry Workers' Emotional Labor on the Turnover Intention and Job Burnout: Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction

외식업체 종사원들의 감정노동이 직무소진과 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 직무만족의 조절효과

  • Kim, Kyung-Uk (Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Kyungsung University) ;
  • Park, Young-Hee (Dept. of Culinary Arts, Busan Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Ho (Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Kyungsung University)
  • 김경욱 (경성대학교 호텔관광외식경영학부) ;
  • 박영희 (부산과학기술대학교 호텔조리계열) ;
  • 이종호 (경성대학교 호텔관광외식경영학부)
  • Received : 2016.08.30
  • Accepted : 2016.10.08
  • Published : 2016.10.31
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Abstract

This study engaged food-service industry workers in Busan (casual dining restaurants and buffets) to investigate the moderating effect of job satisfaction on the influence of emotional labor on turnover intention and job burnout. To accomplish the goal of this study, the statistical programs SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 were employed for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis of responses from f 278 respondents. An examination was conducted to prove the hypothesis based on a structural equation model. There are two sub factors of emotional labor, surface acting and deep acting. According to the result of this study, surface acting has a positive influence (+) on job burnout (exhaustion) while deep acting has a negative influence(-). In addition, job burnout showed a positive influence (+) on turnover intention. It has been revealed that job satisfaction has a moderating effect on the path from deep acting to job burnout. Having considered that job burnout of food-service workers in Busan was related to deep acting, one of sub factors of emotional labors, promoting deep acting appears to be the way of reducing both job burnout and the number of people with turnover intention. Therefore, it is necessary for restaurant owners and CEOs to implement employee training and improve employee benefits in order to promote the deep acting of their employees.

본 연구는 부산지역 외식업체(뷔페레스토랑, 패밀리레스토랑) 종사자들을 대상으로 감정노동이 직무소진과 이직의도에 미치는 영향관계에서 직무만족의 조절효과를 검정하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 통계프로그램 SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 21.0을 사용하여 연구대상자 278명에 대하여 빈도분석, 요인 및 신뢰도분석, 확인적 요인 분석 및 가설검정을 위하여 구조방정식 모형검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 감정노동의 하위요인인 표면행동은 직무소진에 정(+)의 영향관계, 내면행동은 직무소진에 부(-)의 영향관계를 나타내었고, 직무소진은 이직의도에 정(+)의 영향관계를 나타내었다. 그리고 직무만족의 조절효과는 내면행동이 직무소진에 미치는 영향에서 조절효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 부산 지역 외식업체 종사원들이 근무 중 경험하는 감정노동의 하위요인 중 내면행위는 직무소진에 부(-)의 영향관계가 있으므로 내면행동의 증가는 것이 직무소진을 감소시키고 이직의도를 줄일 수 있는 방안임을 입증한 결과이다. 따라서 외식업체 경영주 들은 종사원들에게 교육을 실시하거나 복지를 향상시켜서 종사원들의 감정노동에서 내면행위를 증가시키는 것이 필요하다는 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

Keywords

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