KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)

Korean Society for Internet Information (한국인터넷정보학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Novel Method for Face Recognition using Laplacian of Gaussian Mask with Local Contour Pattern

  • Jeon, Tae-jun (Attached Institute of ETRI) ;
  • Jang, Kyeong-uk (Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung-ho (Department of Electronics&Control Engineering, Hanbat National University)
  • Received : 2016.05.29
  • Accepted : 2016.10.12
  • Published : 2016.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We propose a face recognition method that utilizes the LCP face descriptor. The proposed method applies a LoG mask to extract a face contour response, and employs the LCP algorithm to produce a binary pattern representation that ensures high recognition performance even under the changes in illumination, noise, and aging. The proposed LCP algorithm produces excellent noise reduction and efficiency in removing unnecessary information from the face by extracting a face contour response using the LoG mask, whose behavior is similar to the human eye. Majority of reported algorithms search for face contour response information. On the other hand, our proposed LCP algorithm produces results expressing major facial information by applying the threshold to the search area with only 8 bits. However, the LCP algorithm produces results that express major facial information with only 8-bits by applying a threshold value to the search area. Therefore, compared to previous approaches, the LCP algorithm maintains a consistent accuracy under varying circumstances, and produces a high face recognition rate with a relatively small feature vector. The test results indicate that the LCP algorithm produces a higher facial recognition rate than the rate of human visual's recognition capability, and outperforms the existing methods.

Keywords

References

  1. S. Pankanti, R.M. Bolle, and A. Jain, "Biometrics: The Future of Identification," IEEE Computer Society, vol. 33, no.2, pp. 46-49, Feb. 2000.
  2. W. Zhao, "Face Recognition: A Literature Survey," ACM Computing Survey, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 339-458, Dec. 2003.
  3. R. Chellappa, C.L. Willson,and S. Sirohey, "Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey," in Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 705-741, May 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.381842
  4. Marr, D. and Hildreth, E., "Theory of Edge Detection," in Proc. of R.Soc.Lond., vol. B207, pp. 187-217. Feb. 1982.
  5. W. Chen, M.J. Er, and S. Wu, "Illumination compensation and normalization for robust face recognition using discrete cosine transform in logarithm domain," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B:Cybernetics, vol. 36, no. 2, Apr. 2006.
  6. X. Xie and K.M. Lam, "Face recognition under varying illumination based on a 2D face shape model," Pattern Recognition, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 221-230, Feb. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3203(04)00275-4
  7. S. Shan, W. Gao, B. Cao, and D. Zhao, "Illumination normalization for robust face recognition against varying lighting conditions," in Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures, pp. 157-164, Oct. 2003.
  8. Y. Ramirez Rivera, Y. Moses, and S. Ullman, "Face recognition: the problem of compensating for changes in illumination direction," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 721-732, Jul. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.598229
  9. P. Viola and M.J. Jones, "Robust real-time object detection," International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 137-154, May 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb
  10. L. Wiskott, J. Fellous, N. Kruger, and C. von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 775-779, Jul. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.598235
  11. T. Ahonen, A. Hadid, and M. Pietikainen, "Face description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2037-2041, Dec. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.244
  12. N.S. Altman, "An introduction to kernel and nearest-neighbor nonparametric regression," The American Statistician, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 175-185, Feb. 2012.
  13. C.-W. Hsu and C.-J. Lin, "A Comparison of methods for multiclass support vector machines," IEEE Transactions on Neural Network, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 415-425, Mar. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/72.991427
  14. D. Huang, C. Shan, M. Ardabilian, and Y. Wang, "Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Facial Image Analysis: A Survey," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C:Applications and Reviews, vol. 41, pp. 765-781, Biometrics Compendium, Nov. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2011.2118750
  15. N. Kumar, A.C. Berg, P.N. Belhumeur, and S.K. Nayar, "Attribute and simile classifiers for face verification," in Proc. of International Conference on Computer Vision, 230-14 self, 2009.
  16. T.B. Moeslund and E. Garnum, "A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 231-268, Mar. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1006/cviu.2000.0897
  17. T. Ahonen, A. Hadid, and M. Pietikainen, "Face description with Local binary pattern: Application to face recognition," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2037-2041, Dec. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.244
  18. W. Zhang, S. Shan, W.Gao, X. Chen, and H. Zhang, "Local Gabor Binary Pattern Histogram Sequence(LGBPHS): A Novel Non-Statistical Model for Face Recognition and Recognition," in Proc. of Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV2005, vol. 1, pp. 786-791, Oct. 2005.
  19. X. Tan and B.Triggs, "Enhanced Local Texture Feature Sets for Face Recognition under Difficult Lighting Conditions," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1635-1650, Feb. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2010.2042645
  20. B. Zhang, Y. Gao, S. Zhao, and J. Liu, "Local derivative pattern versus local binary pattern: Face recognition with high-order local pattern descriptor," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 533-544, Feb. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2009.2035882
  21. A. Ramirez Rivera,R. Castillo, and O.Chae, "Local Directional Number Pattern for Face Analysis: Face and Expression Recognition," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 22, no. 5, pp.1740-1752, May 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2012.2235848
  22. M. Heikkila, M.Pietikainen, and C.Schmid, "Description of interest regions with local binary pattern," Pattern Recognition, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 425-436, Mar. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.014
  23. S. Liao, X. Zhu, Z. Lei, L. Zhang, and S.Z. Li, "Learning Multi-scale Block Local Binary Patterns for Face Recognition," in Proc. of International Conference ICB 2007, vol. 4642, pp. 828-837, Aug. 2007.
  24. M. Sharifi, M. Fathy, and M.T. Mahmoudi, "A classified and comparative study of edge detection algorithms," in Proc. of International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2002, pp. 117-120, 8-10 Apr. 2002.
  25. T. Ojala, M. Pietikainen, and T. Maenpaa, "Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary pattern," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 971-987, Jul. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2002.1017623
  26. T. Jabid, M.H. Kabir, and O. Chae, "Local directional pattern (LDP) for face recognition," in Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, pp. 329-330, 2010.
  27. T.Jabid, Md. HasanulKabir, and O.Chae, "Robust facial expression recognition based on local directional pattern," ETRI Journal, vol. 32, pp. 784-794, Mar. 2010. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.10.1510.0132
  28. B. Zhang, S. Shan, X. Chen, and W. Gao, "Histogram of Gabor phase patterns (HGPP): A novel object representation approach for face recognition," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 57-68, Jan. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2006.884956
  29. C.H. Chan, J. Kittler, N. Poh, T. Ahonen, and M. Pietikainen, "(Multiscale) local phase quantisation histogram discriminant analysis with score normalisation for robust face recognition," in Proc. of Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on, pp. 633-640, Oct. 2009.
  30. Marr, D. and Hildreth, E., "Theory of Edge Detection," in Proc. of R.Soc.Lond., vol. B207, pp. 187-217. Feb. 1980.
  31. Y.-H. Lee and S.Y. Park, "A study of convex/concaveedges and edge-enhancing operators based on the Laplacian," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 940-946, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1109/31.55069
  32. P.J. Phillips, H. Wechsler, J. Huang, and P. Rauss, "The FERET Database and Evaluation Procedure for Face Recognition Algorithms," Image and Vision Computing, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 295-306, Apr. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-8856(97)00070-X
  33. A.S Georghiades, P.N. Belhumeur, and D.J. Kriegman, "From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 643-660, Jun. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.927464
  34. K.C. Lee, J. Ho, and D. Kriegman, "Acquiring Linear Subspaces for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 684-698, May 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2005.92
  35. D.S. Bolme, J.R. Beveridge, M. Teixeira, and B.A. Draper, "The CSU face identification evaluation system: Its purpose, features and structure," Computer Vision System Lecture Notes in Science, vol. 2626, 304-313, Mar. 2003.
  36. Z. Xie and G. Liu, "Weighted local binary pattern infrared face recognition based on Weber's law," in Proc. of Image and Graphics (ICIG), 2011 Sixth International Conference on, pp. 429-433, Aug. 2011.
  37. W. Gao, B. Cao, S. Shan, X. Chen, D. Zhou, X. Zhang, and D. Zhao, "The CAS-PEAL large-scale chinese face database and baseline evalua-tion," IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern, A, Vol. 38, no. 1., pp. 149-161, Jan. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2007.909557
  38. MrutyunjanyaSahani, Subhashreesubudhi, Mihir Narayan Mohanty, "Design of Face Recognition based Embedded Home Security System," KSII TRANSACTION ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEM, Vol. 10, no 4, Apr. 2016 (1751) https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2016.04.016
  39. Anh Tuan TRAN, Jin Young KIM, Asmatullah CHAUDHRY, The bao PHAM, Hyoung-Gook Kim, "Visual Observation Confidence based GMM Face Recognition robust to Illumination Impact in a Real-world Database," KSII TRANSACTION ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEM, Vol. 10, no 4, Apr. 2016 (1824) https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2016.04.020
  40. Bo Du, Mengfei Zhang, Lefei Zhang, Xuelong Li, "Hyperspectral biological images compression based on multiway tensor projection," in Proc. of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 1-6, 2014.
  41. Lele Xu, Xia Wu, Kewei Chen, Li Yao, "Supervised within-class-similar discriminative dictionary learning for face recognition," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation.2016, 38:561-572, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.04.003
  42. Richang Hong, Yang Yang, Meng Wang, Xian-Sheng Hua, "Learning Visual Semantic Relationships for Efficient Visual Retrieval," IEEE TRANSACTION ON BIG DATA, Vol. 1, no 4, Oct. 2015 (152-161) https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2016.2515640