Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Stressful Life Events and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study of Iran

  • Azizi, Hosein (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Esmaeili, Elham Davtalab (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)
  • Published : 2015.04.03
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Very few analytical studies are available on any association between stressful life events (SLE) and colorectal cancer (CRC), at least in Iran. The aim of this case control study was to determine the association between stressful life events (SLE) and colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in four hospital colonoscopy units in Tabriz city of Iran including 414 participants aged 40-75 years: 207 cases with CRC confirmed by pathology and colonoscopy findings and 207 controls free of neoplastic conditions were selected (from the same hospitals at the same period for the cases and after matching for age and sex). Stressful life events were assessed using a 43-item Holmes and Rahe Life Events Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for SLE and risk of CRC. Results: The stressful life event mean score in the case group was 141.3, in contrast to 63.8 in the control group (p<0.011). After adjusting for confounders, death of dear ones increased the risk of CRC (OR: 2.49; 95%CI: 1.41-5.13). Other types of stressful life events (family and husband disputes, serious occupational problems, unemployment of > 6 months, and Serious financial problems) were also associated with CRC, but without statistical significance. Conclusions: According to our findings, it seems that SLE may increase the risk of CRC.

Keywords

References

  1. Amoori N, Mirzaei M, Cheraghi M (2014). Incidence of cancers in Kuzestan Province of Iran: trend from 2004 to 2008. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 8345-49. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.19.8345
  2. Ashktorab, Namin H, Taylor T, et al (2013). Role of life events in the presence of colon polyps among African Americans. BMC Gastroenterology, 13, 101-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-13-101
  3. Center MM, Jemal A, Ward E (2009). International trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 1688-94. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0090
  4. Chen Y-S, Xu S-X, Ding Y-B, et al (2013). Colorectal cancer screening in high-risk populations: a survey of cognition among medical professionals in Jiangsu, China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 6487-91. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.6487
  5. Coteau TJ, Hope DA (2003). Anxicty, stress, and health in northern plain native Americans. Behavior Therapy, 34, 365-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(03)80006-0
  6. Courtney JG, Longnecker MP, ONE MORE, et al (1993). Stressful Life Events and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Epidemiology, 5, 407-14.
  7. Dehganzadeh Sh, Jafaraghai F (2012). Relationship between demographic characteristics, lifestyle and to stressor events and colorectal cancer. Med J Nurse Res, 24, 6-15.
  8. Fashoyin-Aje LA, Martinez KA, Dy SM (2012). New patient-centered care standards from the Commission on Cancer: opportunities and challenges. J Supportive Oncol, 3, 107-11.
  9. Ganesh B, Talole SD, Dikshit R (2009). A case.control study on diet and colorectal cancer from Mumbai, India. Cancer Epidemiol, 33, 189-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2009.07.009
  10. Giovannucci E (2002). Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 31, 925-43.
  11. Holmes TH Rahe RH (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. J Psychosmatic Res, 11, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4
  12. Iravani SH, Kashfi M, Azimzadeh P et al (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of colorectal polyps in symptomatic and asymptomatic iranian patients undergoing colonoscopy from 2009-2013. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 9933-37. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.22.9933
  13. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 61, 69-90. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107
  14. Kolahdoozan S, Sadjadi A, Radmard AR (2010). Five common cancers in Iran. Arch Iran Med, 13, 143-6.
  15. Kune S, Kune GA, Watson LF, et al (1991). Recent life change and large bowel cancer. Data from the melbourn cancer study. J Clin Epidemiol, 44, 57-68.
  16. Liang PS, Chen TY, Giovannucci E (2009). Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer, 124, 2406-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24191
  17. Lillberg K, Verkasalo P, Kaprio J, et al (2014). Stressful life events and risk of breast cancer in 10,808 women: a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol, 157, 415-23
  18. Lutgendorf SK, DeGeest K, Dahmoush L, et al (2011). Social isolation is associated with elevated tumor norepinephrine in ovarian carcinoma patients. Brain Behavior Immunity, 25, 250-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.012
  19. Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK, Anderson B, et al (2005). Social support, psychological distress, and natural killer cell activity in ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol, 23, 7105-13. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.10.015
  20. Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK, Antoni MH (2010). Host factors and cancer progression: biobehavioral signaling pathways and interventions. J Clin Oncol, 28, 4094-9. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.26.9357
  21. Moreno-Smith M, Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK (2010). Impact of stress on cancer metastasis. Future Oncology, 6, 1863-81. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.10.142
  22. Mousavi S, Alamolhoda A, Gouya M, et al (2008). Implementation of comprehensive national cancer control program in Iran: an experience in a developing country. Ann Oncol, 19, 398-400.
  23. Nukina H, Sudo N, Aiba Y, et al (2001). Restraint stress elevates the plasma interleukin-6 levels in germfree mice. J Neuroimmunol, 115, 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00260-0
  24. Ogce F, Ozkan S, Baltalarli B (2007). Psychosocial stressors, social support and socio-demographicvariables as determinants of quality of life of Turkish breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 8, 77-82.
  25. Pourfarzi F, Yazdanbod A, Daneshvar R, et al (2012). Evaluation of effective factors in incidence of colorectal cancer. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci, 12, 56-64.
  26. Safari A, Mohd Shariff Z, Kandiah M, et al (2013). Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer in Tehran Province: a case.control study. J BMC Public Health, 13, 222-33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-222
  27. Segerstrom SC, Miller GE (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull, 130, 601-30. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601
  28. Siegel R, Desantis C, Virgo K, et al (2012). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 62, 220-41. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21149
  29. Sloan EK, Priceman SJ, Cox BF, et al (2010). The sympathetic nervous system induces a metastatic switch in primary breast cancer. Cancer Research, 70, 7042-52. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0522
  30. Smith M, Lutgendorf S, Sood A (2010). Impact of stress on cancer metastasis. Future Oncol, 12, 1863-81
  31. Somi M, Golzari M, Farhang S, Naghashi SH, Abdollahi L (2014). Gastrointestinal cancer incidence in East Azerbaijan, Iran: update on 5 year incidence and trends. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 3945-49. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.9.3945
  32. Tas F, Karalar U, Aliustaoglu M et al (2012). The major stressful life events and cancer: stress history and cancer. Med Oncol, 29, 1371-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-011-9927-7
  33. Vafaii B (2000). [Evaluation of the relation between life stresses and blood neoplastic diseases in males and females aged between 30 and 50]. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci, 34, 47-54.
  34. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR). Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: WCRF/AICR 1997.
  35. Yavuzsen T, Karadibak D, Cehreli R, et al (2012). Effect of group therapy on psychological symptoms and quality of life in turkish patients with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 5593-97. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5593
  36. Yilmaz O, Ayaz T, Konag O (2014). Attachment style and perceived social support as predictors of biopsychosocial adjustment to cancer, 44, 24-30. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1210-28

Cited by

  1. Cancer risk in waterpipe smokers: a meta-analysis vol.62, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0856-2
  2. A case-control study of the association between psychosocial factors and the occurrence of laryngeal cancer vol.7, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2017.1348