Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Post-traumatic Growth in Breast Cancer Patients - a Systematic Review

  • Parikh, Darshit (School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University) ;
  • Ieso, Paolo De (Northern Territory Radiation Oncology, Alan Walker Cancer Care Centre) ;
  • Garvey, Gail (Division leader of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Menzies School of Health Research) ;
  • Thachil, Thanuja (Northern Territory Radiation Oncology, Alan Walker Cancer Care Centre) ;
  • Ramamoorthi, Ramya (School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University) ;
  • Penniment, Michael (Northern Territory Radiation Oncology, Alan Walker Cancer Care Centre) ;
  • Jayaraj, Rama (School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University)
  • Published : 2015.02.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is potentially a traumatic stressor which may be associated with negative outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aims to identify the core issues of BC related PTSD, PTG and psychological distress by interrogating the literature in BC survivors. We have also highlighted issues related to the assessment, diagnosis and clinical management of PTSD and PTG. The authors systematically reviewed studies published from 1985 to 2014 pertaining to PTSD, psychological distress and PTG in BC survivors with particular attention paid to incidence rates and causative factors. Multiple studies intimated that women with BC have evidence of PTSD at the initial stages of diagnosis, whereas PTG develops once patients undergo treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of PTSD/PTG is paramount from literature review but the previously mentioned relationship between PTSD and PTG in BC patients could not be verified. It is evident from the literature that a small percentage of BC patients experience PTSD, while the majority experience PTG after BC diagnosis and treatment. Future research should include prospective studies focusing on high-risk patients, causative factors and the development of psychological interventions.

Keywords

References

  1. Abu-Helalah M, Al-Hanaqta M, Alshraideh H, et al (2014). Quality of life and psychological well-being of breast cancer survivors in Jordan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 5927-36. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.14.5927
  2. Amir M and Ramati A. (2002). Post-traumatic symptoms, emotional distress and quality of life in long-term survivors of breast cancer, a preliminary research. J Anxiety Disord, 16, 195-206.
  3. Andreu Y, Galdon MJ, Dura E, et al (2012). A longitudinal study of psychosocial distress in breast cancer, Prevalence and risk factors. Psychol Health, 27, 72-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2010.542814
  4. Andrykowski MA, Cordova MJ, McGrath PC, et al (2000). Stability and change in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following breast cancer treatment, a 1-year follow-up. Psychooncol, 9, 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(200001/02)9:1<69::AID-PON439>3.0.CO;2-R
  5. Andrykowski MA, Cordova MJ, Studts JL, et al (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer, Prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) as a screening instrument. J Consul Clin Psy, 66, 586-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.3.586
  6. Arpawong TE, Richeimer SH, Weinstein F, et al (2013). Posttraumatic growth, quality of life, and treatment symptoms among cancer chemotherapy outpatients. Health Psychology, 32, 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028223
  7. Arving C, Thormodsen I, Brekke G, et al (2013). Early rehabilitation of cancer patients - a randomized controlled intervention study. BMC Cancer, 13, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-9
  8. Assi HA, Khoury KE, Dbouk H, et al (2013). Epidemiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women. J Thorac Dis, 5, 2-8.
  9. Bellizzi KM, Blank TO (2006). Predicting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors. Health Psychology, 25, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.47
  10. Bellizzi KM, Smith AW, Reeve BB, et al (2010). Posttraumatic growth and health-related quality of life in a racially diverse cohort of breast cancer survivors. J Health Psychol, 15, 615-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309356364
  11. Brix SA, Bidstrup PE, Christensen J, et al (2013). Post-traumatic growth among elderly women with breast cancer compared to breast cancer-free women. Acta Oncol, 52, 345-54. https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186X.2012.744878
  12. Cancer Australia (2014). Breast Cancer Statistics. Available at, http://canceraustralia.gov.au/affected-cancer/cancer-types/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-statistics.
  13. Chan MWC, Ho SMY, Tedeschi RG, et al (2011). The valence of attentional bias and cancer-related rumination in posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncol, 20, 544-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1761
  14. Chang O, Choi EK, Kim IR, et al (2014). Association between socioeconomic status and altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life among breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 8607-12. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8607
  15. Coleman MP, Quaresma M, Berrino F, et al (2008). Cancer survival in five continents, a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD). Lancet Oncology, 9, 730-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70179-7
  16. Cordova MJ, Cunningham LL, Carlson CR, et al (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer, a controlled comparison study. Health Psychol, 20, 176-85. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.20.3.176
  17. Danhauer SC, Case LD, Tedeschi R, et al (2013). Predictors of posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncol, 22, 2676-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3298
  18. Deimling GT, Bowman KF, Sterns S, et al (2006). Cancer-related health worries and psychological distress among older adult, long-term cancer survivors. Psychooncol, 15, 306-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.955
  19. DSM-IV APATFo. (2000). Diagnostic manual of mental disorders, DSM-IV-TR, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  20. Gurevich M, Devins GM, Rodin GM (2002). Stress response syndromes and cancer, conceptual and assessment issues. Psychosomatics, 43, 259-81. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.43.4.259
  21. Ho SMY, Chan MWY, Yau TK, et al (2011). Relationships between explanatory style, posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Chinese breast cancer patients. Psychology Health, 26, 269-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903287926
  22. Jones R. (2001). Depression and anxiety in oncology, the oncologist's perspective. J Clin Psychiatry, 62, 52-5.
  23. Kangas M, Henry JL, Bryant RA. (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder following cancer, A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 499-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00118-0
  24. Kangas M, Henry JL, Bryant RA (2007). Correlates of acute stress disorder in cancer patients. J Trauma Stress, 20, 325-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20253
  25. Knobf MT (2007). Psychosocial Responses in Breast Cancer Survivors. Semin Oncol Nurs, 23, 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2006.11.009
  26. Koutrouli N, Anagnostopoulos F, Potamianos G (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients, a systematic review. Women Health, 52, 503-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2012.679337
  27. Lelorain S, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Florin A (2010). Long Term Posttraumatic Growth After Breast Cancer, Prevalence, Predictors and Relationships with Psychological Health. J Clin Psychol Med Settings, 17, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-009-9183-6
  28. Levine EG, Eckhardt J, Targ E (2005). Change in post-traumatic stress symptoms following psychosocial treatment for breast cancer. Psychooncol, 14, 618-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.882
  29. Liu J-E, Wang H-Y, Wang M-L, et al (2014). Posttraumatic growth and psychological distress in Chinese early-stage breast cancer survivors, a longitudinal study. Psycho-Oncol, 23, 437-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3436
  30. Mehnert A and Koch U (2008). Psychological comorbidity and health-related quality of life and its association with awareness, utilization, and need for psychosocial support in a cancer register-based sample of long-term breast cancer survivors. J Psychosom Res, 64, 383-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.12.005
  31. Mullan F (1985). Seasons of Survival, Reflections of a Physician with Cancer. N Engl J Med, 313, 270-73.
  32. Niu HY, Niu CY, Wang JH, et al (2014). Health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer, a literature-based review of psychometric properties of breast cancer-specific measures. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 3533-36. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.8.3533
  33. Nordin K, Rissanen R, Ahlgren J, et al (2012). Design of the study, how can health care help female breast cancer patients reduce their stress symptoms? A randomized intervention study with stepped-care. BMC Cancer, 12, 167. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-12-167
  34. Perez S, Galdon MJ, Andreu Y, et al (2014). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in breast cancer patients, temporal evolution, predictors, and mediation. J Trauma Stress, 27, 224-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21901
  35. Rizalar S, Ozbas A, Akyolcu N, et al (2014). Effect of perceived social support on psychosocial adjustment of Turkish patients with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 3429-34. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.8.3429
  36. Rustad JK, David D, Currier MB (2012). Cancer and posttraumatic stress disorder, Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment considerations. Palliat Support Care, 10, 213-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951511000897
  37. Sears SR, Stanton AL, Danoff-Burg S (2003). The yellow brick road and the emerald city, Benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping and posttraumatic growth in women with early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychol, 22, 487-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.487
  38. Shelby RA, Golden-Kreutz DM, Andersen BL (2008). PTSD diagnoses, subsyndromal symptoms, and comorbidities contribute to impairments for breast cancer survivors. J Trauma Stress, 21, 165-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20316
  39. Smith SK, Zimmerman S, Williams CS, et al (2008). Posttraumatic stress outcomes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors. J Clin Oncol, 26, 934-41. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.12.3414
  40. Sumalla EC, Ochoa C, Blanco I (2009). Posttraumatic growth in cancer, Reality or illusion? Clin Psychol Rev, 29, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.09.006
  41. Tedeschi RG and Calhoun LG. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Trauma Stress, 9, 455-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305
  42. Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG (2004). Posttraumatic growth, conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  43. Thewes B, Butow P, Girgis A, et al (2004). The psychosocial needs of breast cancer survivors; A qualitative study of the shared and unique needs of younger versus older survivors. Psycho-Oncol, 13, 177-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.710
  44. Tjemsland L, Soreide JA, Malt UF (1998). Posttraumatic distress symptoms in operable breast cancer III, status one year after surgery. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 47, 141-51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005957302990
  45. World Health Organisation (2014a) Breast cancer, Prevention and Control. Available at, http://www.who.int/cancer/detection/breastcancer/en/.
  46. World Health Organisation (2014b). The global burden of disease. Available at, http://www.who.int/cancer/detection/breastcancer/en/index1.html.
  47. Yavuzsen T, Karadibak D, Cehreli R, et al (2012). Effect of group therapy on psychological symptoms and quality of life in Turkish patients with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 5593-7. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5593

Cited by

  1. Viewpoints of Family Caregivers about Posttraumatic Growth in Cancer Patients vol.17, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.2.755
  2. Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behavior, Posttraumatic Growth, and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer according to Disease Characteristics vol.19, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14475/kjhpc.2016.19.2.170
  3. Depressive symptoms during adverse economic and political circumstances: A comparative study on Greek female breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment vol.26, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12687
  4. Post-traumatic growth, distress and attachment style among women with breast cancer vol.35, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2017.1289291
  5. Less Mindful, More Struggle and Growth pp.0022-3018, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000854
  6. Relationships between family resilience and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors and caregiver burden vol.27, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4668
  7. Posttraumatic growth experiences and its contextual factors in women with breast cancer: An integrative review pp.1096-4665, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2019.1578360