Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of the Reliability of a Novel Self-sampling Device for Performing Cervical Sampling in Malaysia

  • Latiff, Latiffah A. (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Rahman, Sabariah Abdul (Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknology Mara) ;
  • Wee, Wong Yong (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Dashti, Sareh (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Asri, Andi Anggeriana Andi (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Unit, Nor Hafeeza (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Li, Shirliey Foo Siah (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Esfehani, Ali Jafarzadeh (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences) ;
  • Ahmad, Salwana (Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Cancer Resource and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences)
  • Published : 2015.02.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The participation of women in cervical cancer screening in Malaysia is low. Self-sampling might be able to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of self-sampling for cervical smear in our country. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 community dwelling women from urban and rural settings who participated in health campaigns. In order to reduce the sampling bias, half of the study population performed the self-sampling prior to the physician sampling while the other half performed the self-sampling after the physician sampling, randomly. Acquired samples were assessed for cytological changes as well as HPV DNA detection. Results: The mean age of the subjects was $40.4{\pm}11.3years$. The prevalence of abnormal cervical changes was 2.7%. High risk and low risk HPV genotypes were found in 4.0% and 2.7% of the subjects, respectively. A substantial agreement was observed between self-sampling and the physician obtained sampling in cytological diagnosis (k=0.62, 95%CI=0.50, 0.74), micro-organism detection (k=0.77, 95%CI=0.66, 0.88) and detection of hormonal status (k=0.75, 95%CI=0.65, 0.85) as well as detection of high risk (k=0.77, 95%CI=0.4, 0.98) and low risk (K=0.77, 95%CI=0.50, 0.92) HPV. Menopausal state was found to be related with 8.39 times more adequate cell specimens for cytology but 0.13 times less adequate cell specimens for virological assessment. Conclusions: This study revealed that self-sampling has a good agreement with physician sampling in detecting HPV genotypes. Self-sampling can serve as a tool in HPV screening while it may be useful in detecting cytological abnormalities in Malaysia.

Keywords

References

  1. Arbyn M, Herbert A, Schenck U, et al (2007). European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening: recommendations for collecting samples for conventional and liquid-based cytology. Cytopathology, 18, 133-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00464.x
  2. Aziz A, Hamzah H, Lim B, et al (2013). The effectiveness and acceptability of self-sampling against conventional Pap smear in university Malaya medical centre (UMMC). J Health Translatl Med, 16, 97.
  3. Belinson JL, Du H, Yang B, et al (2012). Improved sensitivity of vaginal self-collection and high-risk human papillomavirus testing. Int J Cancer, 130, 1855-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26202
  4. Belinson JL, Hu S, Niyazi M, et al (2010). Prevalence of typespecific human papillomavirus in endocervical, upper and lower vaginal, perineal and vaginal self-collected specimens: Implications for vaginal self-collection. Int J Cancer, 127, 1151-7.
  5. Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsague M, et al (2010). Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J Infectious Diseases, 202, 1789-99. https://doi.org/10.1086/657321
  6. Dijkstra MG, Heideman DA, van Kemenade FJ, et al (2012). Brush-based self-sampling in combination with GP5+/6+- PCR-based hrHPV testing: High concordance with physician-taken cervical scrapes for HPV genotyping and detection of high-grade CIN. J Clin Virology, 54, 147-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2012.02.022
  7. Domingo EJ, Noviani R, Noor MRM, et al (2008a). Epidemiology and prevention of cervical cancer in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Vaccine, 26, 71-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.039
  8. Domingo EJ, Noviani R, Noor MRM, et al (2008b). Epidemiology and prevention of cervical cancer in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Vaccine, 26, 71-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.039
  9. Fahey MT, Irwig L, Macaskill P (1995). Meta-analysis of Pap test accuracy. Am J Epidemiology, 141, 680-9.
  10. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al (2010). Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer, 127, 2893-917. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25516
  11. Gage JC, Partridge EE, Rausa A, et al (2011). Comparative performance of human papillomavirus DNA testing using novel sample collection methods. J Clin Microbiol, 49, 4185-9. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01254-11
  12. Gravitt PE, Belinson JL, Salmeron J, et al (2011). Looking ahead: A case for human papillomavirus testing of self-sampled vaginal specimens as a cervical cancer screening strategy. Int J Cancer, 129, 517-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25974
  13. Hamzah H, Aziz A, Lim B, et al (2013). Evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in UMMCcomparison between thin prep and fournier's self sampling. J Health Translatl Med, 16, 92.
  14. Hayati ON (2003). Cancer of the cervix-from bleak past to bright future; a review, with an emphasis on cancer of the cervix in Malaysia. Malaysian J Med Sci, 10, 13.
  15. Jordan J, Arbyn M, Martin-Hirsch P, et al (2008). European guidelines for quality assurance in cervical cancer screening: recommendations for clinical management of abnormal cervical cytology, part 1. Cytopathology, 19, 342-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00623.x
  16. Kelly D, Kincaid E, Fansler Z, et al (2006). Detection of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions from cytologic samples using a novel immunocytochemical assay ($ProEx^{TM}$ C). Cancer Cytopathology, 108, 494-500.
  17. Landis JR, Koch GG (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
  18. Lorenzato FR, Singer A, Ho L, et al (2002). Human papillomavirus detection for cervical cancer prevention with polymerase chain reaction in self-collected samples. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 186, 962-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.122390
  19. Nahvijou A, Hadji M, BaratiMarnani A, et al (2014). A systematic review of economic aspects of cervical cancer screening strategies worldwide: discrepancy between economic analysis and policymaking. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 8229-37. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.19.8229
  20. Othman N, Othman NH (2012). Adequacy of cellular material in split-sampling of cervical scrapings for routine cancer screening: an analysis of 702 smears. Malaysian J Pathol, 34, 115-21.
  21. Othman NH, Rebolj M (2009). Challenges to cervical cancer screening in a developing country: the case of Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10, 747-52.
  22. Othman NH, Zaki FHM (2014). Self-collection tools for routine cervical cancer screening: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 8563-9. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8563
  23. Pan Q, Belinson JL, Li L, et al (2011). A thin-layer, liquid-based Pap test for mass screening in an area of China with a high incidence of cervical carcinoma. Acta Cytol, 47, 45-50.
  24. Petignat P, Faltin DL, Bruchim I, et al (2007). Are self-collected samples comparable to physician-collected cervical specimens for human papillomavirus DNA testing? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol, 105, 530-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.01.023
  25. Solomon D, Nayar R (2004). The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes. Springer.

Cited by

  1. Comparative Assessment of a Self-sampling Device and Gynecologist Sampling for Cytology and HPV DNA Detection in a Rural and Low Resource Setting: Malaysian Experience vol.16, pp.18, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.18.8495