Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Meta-analysis on the Effect of Forest Thinning on Diameter Growth and Carbon Stocks in Korea

국내 산림의 간벌에 따른 직경 생장량 및 탄소 저장량 변화에 관한 메타 분석

  • Lee, Jongyeol (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Han, Seung Hyun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Seongjun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Sohye (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Son, Yeong Mo (Department of Forest Industry Research, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Son, Yowhan (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 이종열 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 한승현 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 김성준 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이소혜 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 손영모 (국립산림과학원 산림산업연구과) ;
  • 손요환 (고려대학교 환경생태공학과)
  • Received : 2015.07.30
  • Accepted : 2015.09.08
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With results from previous Korean studies on forest thinning, we conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of thinning on diameter at breast height (DBH) growth and carbon (C) stocks (tree, litter layer, coarse woody debris (CWD), and soils) in Korean forests. Thinning increased the DBH growth and the C stocks in soils by 39.2% and 12.8%, respectively, while it decreased the C stocks in tree by 30.9%. In contrast, thinning had no significant effect on the C stocks in litter layer and CWD. The DBH growth and the C stocks in tree showed significant correlations with thinning intensity and recovery time. The C stocks in litter layer correlated with recovery time while those in CWD and soils did not show significant correlation neither with thinning intensity nor with recovery time. Regression models of the DBH growth and the C stocks in tree were developed to quantify the effect of thinning intensity and recovery time. An integration of the regression model of the tree C stock into forest carbon models is expected to be essential to quantify the effect of thinning on the C stocks in litter layer, CWD, and soils. We also suggested expansion of study species, long-term and frequent monitoring, and investigation on understory vegetation in order to elucidate changes in Korean forests following thinning practices.

본 연구는 간벌에 따른 국내 산림의 직경 생장량과 탄소 저장량(임목, 고사목, 낙엽층, 토양) 변화를 파악하기 위하여 관련 결과들을 메타 분석한 것이다. 메타 분석 결과 간벌에 의하여 직경 생장량과 토양 탄소 저장량은 각각 39.2% 및 12.8% 증가하였고 임목 탄소 저장량은 30.9% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 고사목과 낙엽층 탄소 저장량은 간벌에 따른 변화를 보이지 않았다. 한편 직경 생장량과 임목 탄소 저장량은 간벌 강도 및 회복 시간(간벌 후 시간의 경과)과 상관 관계를 보였다. 그리고 낙엽층 탄소 저장량은 회복 시간과 상관 관계를 보였으나, 고사목과 토양 탄소 저장량은 간벌 강도 및 회복 시간과 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 또한 간벌 강도와 회복 시간에 따른 직경 생장량과 임목 탄소 저장량의 회귀식을 개발하였다. 고사목, 낙엽층 그리고 토양 탄소 저장량은 간벌 강도와 회복 시간과의 상관 관계가 거의 나타나지 않았으므로, 이들의 변화를 정량화하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 개발한 임목 탄소 저장량 회귀식과 산림 탄소 모델의 연계가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 간벌에 의한 산림의 변화를 보다 정확하게 파악하기 위하여 연구 대상 수종 확대, 장기 모니터링 및 측정 주기 단축, 그리고 하층 식생 조사 등을 제언하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, S.-W., Hwang, J., Lee, S.-T., Kim, H.-S., and Jeong, J.- M. 2010. Changes in soils temperature, moisture content, light availability and diameter growth after thinning in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation. Journal of Korean Forest Society 99(3): 397-403. (In Korean with English abstract)
  2. Cheng, X.-R., Yu, M.-K., Ge, L., Zhang, C.-X., and Wang, W. 2012. Carbon density and its spatial distribution in Quercus acutissima plantations under different thinning intensities. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 23(5): 1175-1180. (In Chinese with English abstract)
  3. Choi, S., Lee, W.K., Kwak, D.A., Lee, S., Son, Y., Lim, K.H., and Saborowski, J. 2012. Predicting forest cover changes in future climate using hydrological and thermal indices in South Korea. Climate Research 49(3): 229-245. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01026
  4. Choi, J., Lee, B., Lee, D., and Choi, I. 2014. Growth monitoring of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation by thinning intensity. Journal of Korean Forest Society 103(3): 422-430. (In Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2014.103.3.422
  5. Concilio, A., Ma, S., Ryu, S.-R., North, M., and Chen, J. 2006. Soil respiration response to experimental disturbances over 3 years. Forest Ecology and Management 228(1-3): 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.029
  6. David, A.L., Elizabeth, A.B., Mackenzie, B.M., Mark, E.B., Mebecca, M.N., and Richard, B.H. 2015. Tradeoffs between three forest ecosystem services across the state of New Hampshire, USA: timber, carbon, and albedo. Ecological Applications: in press.
  7. Dixon, R.K., Solomon, A.M., Brown, S., Houghton, R.A., Trexier, M.C., and Wisniewski, J. 1994. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science 263(5144): 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5144.185
  8. Duvall, M.D. and Grigal, D.F. 1999. Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, USA. Canadian Journal Forest Research 29(12): 1926-1934. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-158
  9. Gilliam, F.S. 2007. The ecological significance of the herbaceous layer in temperate forest ecosystems. BioScience 57(10): 845-858. https://doi.org/10.1641/B571007
  10. Harrington, T.B. and Edwards, M.B. 1999. Understory vegetation, resource availability, and litterfall responses to pine thinning and woody vegetation control in longleaf pine plantations. Canadian Journal Forest Research 29(7): 1055- 1064. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-118
  11. Hwang, J. and Son, Y. 2006. Short-term effects of thinning and liming on forest soils of pitch pine and Japanese larch plantations in central Korea. Ecological Research 21(5): 671-680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0170-1
  12. Hwang, J., Bae, S.-W., Lee, K.J., Lee, K.-S., and Kim, H.-S. 2008. Short-term effect of thinning on aboveground carbon storage in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation. Journal of Korean Forest Society 97(6): 605-610. (In Korean with English abstract)
  13. Hytonen, J. and Moilanen, M. 2014. Effect of harvesting method on the amount of logging residues in the thinning of Scots pine stands. Biomass and Bioenergy 67: 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.05.004
  14. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2003. Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. IPCC. Hayama. Japan.
  15. Jandl, R., Linder, M., Vesterdal, L., Bauwens, B., Baritz, R., Hagedorn, F., Johnson, D. W., Minkkinen, K., and Byrne, K.A. 2007. How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?. Geoderma 137(3): 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.09.003
  16. Johnson, D.W. and Curtis, P.S. 2001. Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis. Forest Ecology and Management 140(2): 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00282-6
  17. Jung, S.-E., Choi, H.-S., Lee, S.-S., Kim, J.-M., Im, A-R., Choi, B.-H., Lee, M.-A., Choi, H.-A., Son, C.-C., Son, Y., and Lee, W.-K. 2007. Effects of thinning intensity on growth and structure of Larix leptolepis stand. Korean Journal of Forest Measurement 10: 20-25. (In Korean with English abstract)
  18. Kang, J.-S., Shibuya, M., and Shin, C.-S. 2014. The effect of forest-thinning works on tree growth and forest environment. Forest Science and Technology 10(1): 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2013.821958
  19. Kim, C., Son, Y., Lee, W.-K., Jeong, J., and Noh, N.J. 2009. Influences of forest tending works on carbon distribution and cycling in a Pinus densiflora S. et Z. stand in Korea. Forest Ecology and Management 257(5): 1420-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.015
  20. Kim, S., Yoon, T.K., Han, S., Han, S.H., Lee, J., Kim, C., Lee, S.-T., Seo, K.W., Yang, A-R., and Son, Y. 2015. Initial effects of thinning on soil carbon storage and base cations in a naturally regenerated Quercus spp. forest in Hongcheon, Korea. Forest Science and Technology 11(3): 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2014.957357
  21. Ko, S., Yoon, T.K., Kim, S., Kim, C., Lee, S.-T., Seo, K.W., and Son, Y. 2014. Thinning intensity effects on carbon storage of soil, forest floor, and coarse woody debris in Pinus densiflora stands. Journal of Korean Forest Society 103(1): 30-36. (In Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2014.103.1.30
  22. KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute). 2011. The 5th national forest inventory report. Seoul. pp. 166. (In Korean)
  23. Korea Forest Service. 2003. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Korea Forest Service. Daejeon. pp. 411. (In Korean)
  24. Korea Forest Service. 2008. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Korea Forest Service. Daejeon. pp. 495. (In Korean)
  25. Korea Forest Service. 2012. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Korea Forest Service. Daejeon. pp. 488. (In Korean)
  26. Korea Forest Service. 2013. Table of tree volume/mass and yield table. Korea Forest Service. Daejeon. pp. 261. (In Korean)
  27. Kurz, W.A., Dymond, C.C., White, T.M., Stinson, G., Shaw, C.H., Rampley, G.J., Smyth, C., Simpson, B.N., Neilson, E.T., Trofymow, J.A., Metsaranta, J., and Apps, M.J. 2009. CBM-CFS3: a model of carbon-dynamics in forestry and land-use change implementing IPCC standards. Ecological Modelling 220(4): 480-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.10.018
  28. Lee, S.K., Son, Y., Lee, W.K., Yang, A-R., Noh, N.J., and Byun, J.-G. 2010. Influence of thinning on carbon storage in a Japanese larch (Larix Kaempferi) plantation in Yangpyeong, central Korea. Forest Science and Technology 6(1): 35-44. (In Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2010.9656356
  29. Lee, J., Yoon, T.K., Han, S., Kim, S., Yi, M.J., Park, G.S., Kim, C., Son, Y.M., Kim, R., and Son, Y. 2014. Estimating the carbon dynamics of South Korean forests from 1954 to 2012. Biogeosciences 11(17): 4637-4650. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4637-2014
  30. Lee, J., Han, S.H., Kim, S., Chang, H., Yi, M.J., Park, G.S., Kim, C., Son, Y.M., Kim, R., and Son, Y. 2015. Estimating the changes in forest carbon dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests in South Korea under the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 17(1): 35-44. (In Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.1.35
  31. Li, X., Yi, M.J., Son, Y., Jin, G., and Han, S.S. 2010. Forest biomass carbon accumulation in Korea from 1954 to 2007. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 25(6): 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2010.524892
  32. Lim, H., Choi, W.-J., Ahn, K., and Lee, K.-H. 2012. Ecosystem respiration and tree growth influenced by thinning in a read pine forest in southern Korea. Forest Science and Technology 8(4): 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2012.704977
  33. Liski, J., Palosuo, T., Peltoniemi, M., and Sievänen, R. 2005. Carbon and decomposition model Yasso for forest soils. Ecological Modelling 189(1): 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.005
  34. Lopez, B.C., Sabate, S., and Gracia, C.A. 2003. Thinning effects on carbon allocation to fine roots in a Quercus ilex forest. Tree Physiology 23(17): 1217-1224. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.17.1217
  35. Lu, F. and Gong, P. 2005. Adaptive thinning strategies for mixed-species stand management with stochastic prices. Journal of Forest Economics 11(1): 53-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2005.02.003
  36. Minnich, R.A., Barbour, M.F., Burk, J.H., and Sosa-Ramire, J. 2000. Californian mixed-conifer forests under unmanaged fire regimes in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Biogeography 27(1): 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00368.x
  37. Mohren, G.M.J., Hasenauer, H., Kohl, M., and Nabuurs, G.-J. 2012. Forest inventories for carbon change assessments. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 4(6): 686-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.002
  38. Nave, L.E., Vance, E.D., Swanston, C.W., and Curtis, P.S. 2010. Harvest impacts on soil carbon storage in temperate forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259(5): 857-866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009
  39. Nishizono, T. 2010. Effect of thinning level and site productivity on age-related changes in stand volume growth can be explained by a single rescaled growth curve. Forest Ecology and Management 259(12): 2276-2291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.002
  40. Nobles, M.M., Dillon, W., and Mbila, M. 2009. Initial response of soil nutrient pools to prescribed burning and thinning in a managed forest ecosystem of northern Alabama. Soil Science Society of American Journal 73(1): 285-292. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0137
  41. Nyland, R.D. 2002. Silviculture. pp. 381-406. In: Thinning and its effects on stand development. Waveland Press, Illinois. U.S.A.
  42. Pan, Y., Birdsey, R.A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P.E., Kurz, W.A., Phillips, O.L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S.L., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Pacala, S.W., McGuire, A.D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S., and Hayes, D. 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests. Science 333(6045): 988-993. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201609
  43. Park, C-W., Lee, J., Yi, M., Kim, C., Park, G.S., Kim, R.H., Lee, K.H., and Son, Y. 2013a. Estimation of change in soil carbon stock of Pinus densiflora forests in Korea using KFSC model under RCP 8.5 climate change scenario. Climate Change Research 4(2): 77-93. (In Korean with English abstract)
  44. Park, J., Kim, S.K., Lee, S.T., Lee, K., and Kim, H. 2013b. Thinning effect on vegetation structure and stand characteristics of oak stands. Journal of Agriculture and Life Science 47(6): 81-89. (In Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2013.47.6.81
  45. Rantakari, M., Lehtonen, A., Linkosalo, T., Tuomi, M., Tamminen, P., Heikkinen, J., Liski, J., Makipaa, R., Ilvesniemi, H., and Sievanen, R. 2012. The Yasso07 soil carbon model-testing against repeated soil carbon inventory. Forest Ecology and Management 286: 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.041
  46. Rittenhouse, T.A.G., MacFarland, D.M., Martin, K.J., and Van Deelen T.R. 2012. Downed wood associated with roundwood harvest, whole-tree harvest and unharvested stands of aspen in Wisconsin. Forest Ecology and Management 266: 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.029
  47. Selig, M.F., Seiler, J.R., and Tyree, M.C. 2008. Soil carbon and $CO_2$ efflux as influenced by the thinning of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on the Piedmont of Virginia. Forest Science 54(1): 58-66.
  48. Shin, J.Y., Won, M.S., Kim, K., and Shin, M.Y. 2013. Predicting the effect of climate change on forest biomass by different ecoprovinces and forest types in Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 15(3): 119-129. (In Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2013.15.3.119
  49. Son, Y., Lee, Y.Y., Jun, T.C., and Kim, Z.-S. 2004a. Light availability and understory vegetation four years after thinning in a Larix leptolepis plantation of central Korea. Journal of Forest Research 9(2): 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-003-0071-x
  50. Son, Y., Jun, Y.C., Lee, Y.Y., Kim, R.H., and Yang, S.Y. 2004b. Soil carbon dioxide evolution, litter decomposition, and nitrogen availability four years after thinning in a Japanese larch plantation. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(7-8): 1111-1122. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120030593
  51. Sullivan, B.W., Kolb, T.E., Hart, S.C., Kaye, J.P., Dore, S., and Montes-Helu, M. 2008. Thinning reduces soil carbon dioxide but not methane flux from southwestern USA ponderosa pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 255(12): 4047-4055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.051
  52. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 1997. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: http://www.unfccc.int.
  53. Yang, A-R., Son, Y., Noh, N.J., Lee, S.K., Jo, W., Son, J.-A., Kim, C., Bae, S.-W., Lee, S.-T., Kim, H.-S., and Hwang, J. 2011a. Effect of thinning on carbon storage in soil, forest floor, and coarse woody debris of Pinus densiflora stands with different stand ages in Gangwon-do, central Korea. Forest Science and Technology 7(1): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2011.559936
  54. Yang, A-R., Noh, N.J., Lee, S.K., Yoon, T.K., Kim, C., Bae, S.-W., Hwang, J., Lee, S.-T., Kim, H.-S., and Son, Y. 2011b. Short-term effect of thinning on carbon storage in soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris of Quercus spp. stand in Hoengseong, Gangwon-do, Korea. Forest Science and Technology 7(4): 168-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2011.621383
  55. Yi, K., Park, C.-W., Ryu, S.-R., Lee, K.-H., Yi, M.-J., Kim, C., Park, G.-S., Kim, R., and Son, Y. 2013. Simulating the soil carbon dynamics of Pinus densiflora forests in central Korea. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 28(3): 241-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2012.735698
  56. Zhou, D., Zhao, S.Q., Liu, S., and Oeding, J. 2013. A metaanalysis on the impacts of partial cutting on forest structure and carbon storage. Biogeosciences 10(6): 3691- 3703. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3691-2013

Cited by

  1. Effects of Tree Density Control on Carbon Dynamics in Young Pinus densiflora stands vol.105, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2016.105.3.275
  2. stands in South Korea vol.14, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2017.1409661
  3. 신갈나무림에서 솎아베기가 임내환경과 자연버섯 발생에 미치는 영향 vol.107, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2018.107.1.1
  4. A multi-site approach toward assessing the effect of thinning on soil carbon contents across temperate pine, oak, and larch forests vol.424, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.040