Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modeling flow instability of an Algerian sand with the dilatancy rule in CASM

  • Ramos, Catarina (CONSTRUCT-GEO, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto) ;
  • Fonseca, Antonio Viana da (CONSTRUCT-GEO, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto) ;
  • Vaunat, Jean (Departamento de Ingenieria del Terreno, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya)
  • Received : 2014.09.25
  • Accepted : 2015.10.23
  • Published : 2015.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of the present work was the study of instability in a loose sand from Les Dunes beach in Ain Beninan, Algeria, where the Boumerdes earthquake occurred in 2003. This earthquake caused significant structural damages and claimed the lives of many people. Damages caused to infrastructures were strongly related to phenomena of liquefaction. The study was based on the results of two drained and six undrained triaxial tests over a local sand collected in a region where liquefaction occurred. All the tests hereby analyzed followed compression stress-paths in monotonic conditions and the specimens were isotropically consolidated, since the objective was to study the instability due to static loading as part of a more general project, which also included cyclic studies. The instability was modeled with the second-order work increment criterion. The definition of the instability line for Les Dunes sand and its relation with yield surfaces allowed the identification of the region of potential instability and helped in the evaluation of the susceptibility of soils to liquefy under undrained conditions and its modeling. The dilatancy rate was studied in the points where instability began. Some mixed tests were also simulated, starting with drained conditions and then changing to undrained conditions at different time steps.

Keywords

References

  1. Andrade, J.E. (2009), "A predictive framework for liquefaction instability", Geotechnique, 59(8), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00087
  2. Andrade, J.E., Ramos, A.M. and Lizcano, A. (2013), "Criterion for flow liquefaction instability", Acta Geotechnica, 8(5), 525-535 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0223-x
  3. Arroyo, M., Amaral, M.F., Romero, E. and Viana da Fonseca, A. (2013), "Isotropic yielding of unsaturated cemented silty sand", Can. Geotech. J., 50(8), 807-819. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0216
  4. Bazant, Z. and Cedolin, L. (1991), Stability of Structures. Elastic, Inelastic, Fracture and Damage Theories, Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, USA.
  5. Bedin, J., Schnaid, F., Viana da Fonseca, A. and Costa-Filho, L. (2012), "Gold tailings liquefaction using critical state soil mechanics concepts", Geotechnique (ICE), 62(3), 263-267. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.10.P.037
  6. Been, K. and Jefferies, M.G. (1985), "A state parameter for sands", Geotechnique, 35(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1985.35.2.99
  7. Borja, R.I. (2006), "Condition for liquefaction instability in fluid saturated granular soils", Acta Geotechnica, 1(4), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-006-0017-5
  8. Coussy, O., Pereira, J.M. and Vaunat, J. (2010), "Revisiting the thermodynamics of hardening plasticity for unsaturated soils", Comput. Geotech., 37(1), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.09.003
  9. Dafalias, Y.F. and Manzari, M.T. (2004), "Simple plasticity sand model accounting for fabric change effects", J. Eng. Mech., 130(6), 622-633. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:6(622)
  10. Gonzalez, N.A. (2011), "Development of a family of constitutive models for Geotechnical applications", Ph.D. Dissertation; UPC, Barcelona, Spain.
  11. Hill, R. (1958), "A general theory of uniqueness and stability in elastic-plastic solids", J. Mech, Phys. Solids, 6(3), 236-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(58)90029-2
  12. Jeremic, B., Cheng, Z., Taiebat, M. and Dafalias, Y. (2008), "Numerical simulation of fully saturated porous material", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Eng., 32(13), 1635-1660. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.687
  13. Kim, M.K. and Lade, P.V. (1988), "Single hardening constitutive model for frictional materials, I. Plastic potencial function", Comput. Geotech., 5(4), 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(88)90009-2
  14. Lade, P.V. (1992), "Static instability and liquefaction of loose fine sandy slopes", J. Geotech. Eng., 118(1), 51-71. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:1(51)
  15. Lade, P.V. (1994), "Instability and liquefaction of granular materials", Comput. Geotech., 16(2), 123-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(94)90018-3
  16. Lade, P.V. and Yamamuro, J.A. (2011), "Evaluation of static liquefaction potential of silty sand slopes", Can. Geotech. J., 48(2), 247-264. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-063
  17. Lade, P.V., Yamamuro, J.A. and Liggio, C.D. Jr. (2009), "Effects of fines content on void ratio, compressibility and static liquefaction of silty sand", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 1(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2009.1.1.001
  18. Manzari, M.T., Dafalias, Y.F. (1997), "A critical state two-surface plasticity model for sands", Geotechnique, 47(2), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1997.47.2.255
  19. Olivella, S. and Vaunat, J. (2006), "Application of Code_Bright_GiD to geotechnical problems", Proceedings of the 3rd GiD Conference, Barcelona, Spain, March, p.10.
  20. Pinheiro, A. (2009), "Laboratory evaluation of the status conditions that led to phenomena of liquefaction of dune sands in the 2003 earthquake in Boumerdes", Master Thesis; FEUP, Porto, Portugal. [In Portuguese]
  21. Pinyol, N., Vaunat, J. and Alonso, E.E. (2007), "A constitutive model for soft clayey rocks that include weathering effect", Geotechnique, 57(2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.2.137
  22. Ramos, A.M. (2010), "Instability in Sands", Ph.D. Dissertation; Faculty of Engineering Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
  23. Ramos, C. (2013), "Modelling sand instability within the framework of critical state soil mechanics", Master Thesis; FEUP, Porto, Portugal.
  24. Rios, S., Viana da Fonseca, A. and Baudet, B.A. (2012), "The effect of the porosity/cement ratio on the compression of cemented soil", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(11), 1422-1426. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000698
  25. Rios, S., Viana da Fonseca, A. and Baudet, B.A. (2013), "On the shearing behaviour of an artificially cemented soil", Acta Geotechnica, 9(2), 215-226. DOI: 10.1007/s11440-013-0242-7
  26. Rocha, J. (2010), "Definition of liquefaction in triaxial conditions in the light of the theory of critical states and assessment of risk by reason of seismic waves velocities on a dune sand", Master Thesis; FEUP, Porto, Portugal. [In Portuguese]
  27. Roscoe, K.H. and Burland, J.B. (1968), "On the generalized stress-strain behaviour of wet clay", Eng. Plast., 535-609.
  28. Roscoe, K.H., Schofield, A.N. and Wroth, C.P. (1958), "On the yielding of soils", Geotechnique, 8(1), 22-53. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1958.8.1.22
  29. Rowe, P.W. (1962), "The stress-dilatancy relation for static equilibrium of an assembly of particles in contact", Proc. Roy. Soc., 269(1339), 500-527. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1962.0193
  30. Sadrekarimi, A. and Olson, S.M. (2011), "Yield strength ratios, critical strength ratios, and brittleness of sandy soils from laboratory tests", Can. Geotech. J., 48(3), 493-510. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-078
  31. Schnaid, F., Bedin, J., da Fonseca, A. and Filho, L. (2013), "Stiffness and strength governing the static liquefaction of tailings", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 139(12), 2136-2144. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000924
  32. Soares, M., Bedin, J., Silva, J. and Viana da Fonseca, A. (2011), "Monotonic and cyclic liquefaction assessment on silty soils by triaxial tests with bender elements", Proceedings of International Conference in Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Perth, Australia, November, Volume 1, pp. 819-826. www.icage2011.com.au
  33. Taiebat, M. and Dafalias, Y.F. (2008), "SANISAND: simple anisotropic sand plasticity model", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 32(8), 915-948. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.651
  34. Viana da Fonseca, A. and Soares, M. (2012), "Effect of principal stress rotation on cyclic liquefaction", Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Performance-Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Taormina, Italy, May, pp. 28-30. http://www.2pbd-taormina.org (Online)
  35. Viana da Fonseca, A. and Soares, S.M. (2014), "Effect of confinement pressure and inversion or principal stress rotation on cyclic behaviour of a sand liquefied during 2003 Boumerdes earthquake", Bullet. Earthq. Eng. (BEEE), submitted.
  36. Wang, Z.L., Dafalias, Y.F., Li, X.S. and Makdisi, F.I. (2002), "State pressure index for modeling sand behaviour", J. Geotech Geoenviron. Eng., 128(6), 511-519. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:6(511)
  37. Yamamuro, J.A., Wood, F.M. and Lade, P.V. (2008), "Effect of depositional method on the microstructure of silty sand", Can. Geotech. J., 45(11), 1538-1555. DOI: 10.1139/T08-080
  38. Yu, H.S. (1998), "CASM: A unified state parameter model for clay and sand", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Method. Geomech., 22(8), 621-653. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199808)22:8<621::AID-NAG937>3.0.CO;2-8
  39. Zouain, N., Pontes-Filho, I. and Vaunat, J. (2010), "Potentials for the modified Cam-Clay model", Eur. J. Mech. A/ Solids, 29(3), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2009.11.008

Cited by

  1. Physical modelling of soil liquefaction in a novel micro shaking table vol.19, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.3.229
  2. Selection of design friction angle: a strain based empirical method for coarse grained soils vol.20, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.121