Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
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The Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulations in Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) Eggshells for Environmental Monitoring

환경모니터링을 위한 집비둘기 알 껍데기의 중금속 축적특성 연구

  • Lee, Jangho (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Jongchun (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Jong-Hyouk (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Eugene (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shim, Kyuyoung (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Myungjin (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Youngkyu (Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이장호 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과) ;
  • 이종천 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과) ;
  • 박종혁 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과) ;
  • 이유진 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과) ;
  • 심규영 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과) ;
  • 김명진 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과) ;
  • 신영규 (국립환경과학원 자연환경연구과)
  • Received : 2015.10.12
  • Accepted : 2015.11.19
  • Published : 2015.12.31
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Abstract

The heavy metal accumulations of avian eggshells were studied in order to test a feral pigeon (Columba livia)'s eggshell as an indicator for the environmental monitoring of pollutants. The reviews on the eggs of the different 19 avian species showed that it is the eggshell rather than the egg content that can better reflect the heavy metals in the environment; in most cases the CVs (coefficients of variations) of the heavy metal concentrations in the eggshells were higher than those in the egg contents. This can indicate that the heavy metal accumulations are homeostatically controlled in the egg contents, but the accumulations in the eggshells are varied according to the environmental conditions. To test the reviews, the feral pigeon eggs from the two different sites, one representing urban and the other rural environment, were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The result showed that the eggshells of the urban pigeons (Hangang) had the higher metal concentrations than those of the rural pigeons (Hampyeong). The same difference can also be found in the internal organs (liver, bone) and blood. However, the analyses of the egg contents between the two sites did not reveal the differences. In other words, the result suggests that the feral pigeons, like the other avian species, are able to control the heavy metals into the egg contents homeostatically. Therefore, it is more useful to use the feral pigeon eggshell rather than the egg content in case of monitoring heavy metals in different habitats.

본 연구에서는 알 껍데기 시료의 중금속 축적특성을 파악하기 위해 알의 중금속 축적을 연구한 자료들을 정리하여 알 껍데기와 내용물의 축적특성을 비교 검토한 후 집비둘기 알 껍데기의 중금속 모니터링 시료로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다. 먼저 집비둘기(Columba livia)를 포함한 19종의 조류 알을 대상으로 카드뮴(Cd) 등 8종의 중금속 축적농도를 검토한 결과, 알 껍데기 중금속 농도의 변동계수(표준편차/평균)는 알 내용물에 비해 대체적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이는 알 내용물 속 배(embryo)가 중금속 독성에 노출되지 않도록 하는 생리적 항상성 통제기작의 발달과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이에 비해 알 껍데기는 서식환경 등에 따라 중금속 축적 변동이 알 내용물보다 크게 나타났는데, 이는 서식환경에 따른 중금속 축적 변동을 알 내용물보다는 더 적절히 반영할 가능성이 있다고 해석될 수 있다. 집비둘기 알 껍데기가 체내 장기 조직 등의 유해 중금속(납, 카드뮴) 축적농도 패턴을 반영하는 지를 검토한 결과, 도심지역 한강공원이 체내 장기 조직 등에서 농촌지역인 함평공원보다 높은 납과 카드뮴 축적농도를 보였고, 이러한 차이는 알 껍데기에서도 두드러지게 나타났지만, 알 내용물에서는 지점 간에 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 알 내용물 속 배(embryo)의 안전한 발달을 위해 중금속 축적을 통제하는 항상성 기작이 알 내용물에 더 강화되어 나타나는 특성과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 알 껍데기가 서식환경에 따른 중금속 축적 변동을 알 내용물보다는 더 적절히 반영할 가능성이 크다고 판단된다.

Keywords

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