DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association Between the Sensitization Rate for Inhalant Allergens in Patients with Respiratory Allergies and the Pollen Concentration in Ulsan, Korea

울산지역 호흡기 알레르기 환자의 흡입 알레르겐 감작률과 대기중 꽃가루 농도와의 관련성

  • Choi, Seung Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Ho (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Yangho (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, In-Bo (Environmental Health Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Kee-Ryong (Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan College of Natural Science)
  • 최승원 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 내과) ;
  • 이지호 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 직업환경의학과) ;
  • 김양호 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 직업환경의학과) ;
  • 오인보 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 환경보건센터) ;
  • 최기룡 (울산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학부)
  • Received : 2013.06.27
  • Accepted : 2013.10.04
  • Published : 2014.04.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Pollinosis is an increasing problem, with allergenic pollen causing rhinitis, asthma, and other allergic diseases. This study examined the patterns of sensitization to inhalant allergens in patients with respiratory allergies and analyzed the regional pollen concentrations in Ulsan, Korea. Methods: A skin prick test was performed with 21 common inhalant allergens, including 18 types of pollen, in 634 patients with respiratory allergies from January of 2008 through December of 2010. Airborne pollen was collected daily from three different stations in Ulsan using a Durham sampler. Daily records and identification of the pollen types were made (2009-2010). Results: The sensitization rates for inhalant allergens were as follows: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (38.2%), Dermatophagoides farinae (38.0%), birch (15.8%), alder (15.3%), hazel (14.2%), oak (13.5%), beech (10.8%), mugwort (9.6%), and hop Japanese (5.2%). Airborne pollen has two peak seasons: tree pollen from February to June, followed by weed pollen from August to October. Pine tree, oak, and alder were the most frequently found pollen types in spring, whereas hop Japanese and mugwort were the most frequently found pollen types in autumn. Conclusions: House dust mites are the most common offending allergen in Ulsan. The sensitization rates to some tree pollen types, including birch, alder, and hazel were higher than those of weed or grass pollen. Causative allergens are changing in response to climate change and air pollution. Continuous aerobiological monitoring is the cornerstone for observing changes in pollen and a prerequisite for the study of the effect of climate change on allergic diseases.

목적: 울산 지역 호흡기 알레르기 질환자의 꽃가루를 포함한 주요 흡입항원에 대한 감작률을 조사하고 지역적 꽃가루 분포 특성과 그 임상적 의의를 조사하고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 비염 및 천식으로 진단되었던 환자를 대상으로 꽃가루를 포함한 주요 흡입 알레르겐에 대한 피부시험을 시행하였으며 울산의 3개 지역에서 연중 지속적으로 대기 중 꽃가루 종류와 농도를 측정하였다. 결과: 개별 항원에 대한 감작률은 집먼지진드기에 대해 높았으며 자작나무 15.8%, 오리나무 15.3%, 개암나무 14.2%, 참나무 13.5%, 너도밤나무 10.8%, 쑥 9.6% 순의 감작률을 보였다. 울산에서는 연중 2차례 꽃가루 비산 절정기가 있었으며 봄철에는 소나무, 참나무, 오리나무가 가을철에는 환삼덩굴과 쑥 꽃가루가 높게 측정되었다. 결론: 최근의 기후 및 환경 변화와 함께 알레르기 질환이 증가되고 있으며 흡입 알레르겐에 대한 종류나 감작률도 지속적으로 변하고 있다. 향후 꽃가루 항원에 대한 지속적인 모니터링으로 알레르기 질환을 체계적으로 관리하는 것이 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Environment

References

  1. Cho YJ. Allergic diseases by pollens (Pollinosis). J Korean Med Assoc 2003;46:326-330. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2003.46.4.326
  2. Kang SY, Min KU. Aerobiological and allergic study of pollen in Seoul. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;4:1-20.
  3. Hong CS, Hwang Y, Oh SH, Kim HJ, Huh KB, Lee SY. Survey of the airborne pollens in Seoul, Korea. Yonsei Med J 1986;27:114-120. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1986.27.2.114
  4. Park CW, Sim SS, Jung M, et al. Survey of airborn pollens in Mokpo, 1992. Allergy 1993;13:342-350.
  5. Beggs PJ. Impacts of climate change on aeroallergens: past and future. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34:1507-1513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02061.x
  6. D'Amato G, Cecchi L. Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:1264-1274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03033.x
  7. Shea KM, Truckner RT, Weber RW, Peden DB. Climate change and allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:443-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.032
  8. Kim MJ, Cheon KW, Kim SW. Aerobiological study for airborne pollen and mold in Pusan. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 2000;10:119-130.
  9. Oh JW, Lee HR, Kim JS, et al. Aerobiological study of pollen and mold in the 10 states of Korea. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 2000;10:22-33.
  10. Oh JW, Kang IJ, Kim SW, et al. The correlation between increased sensitization rate to weeds in children and the annual increase in weed pollen in Korea. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 2006;16:114-121.
  11. Oh JW, Kang IJ, Kim SW, et al. The association between the concentration of pollen and outbreak of pollinosis in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 2009;19:4-11.
  12. Oh JW, Lee HB, Kang IJ, et al. The revised edition of Korean calendar for allergenic pollens. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2012;4:5-11. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2012.4.1.5
  13. Lee MK, Lee WY, Yong SJ, et al. Sensitization rates to inhalant allergens in patients visiting a university hospital in Gangwon region. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;31:27-32.
  14. Kim TB, Kim KM, Kim SH, et al. Sensitization rates for inhalant allergens in Korea; a multi-center study. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;23:483-493.
  15. Oh YC, Kim HA, Kang IJ, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between pollen count and the outbreak of allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis 2009;19:354-364.
  16. Kim KH, Kim KT, Lee SK, et al. Sensitization rates for inhalant allergens in patients with respiratory allergy in Busan. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;25:59-63.
  17. Skassa-Brociek W, Manderscheid JC, Michel FB, Bousquet J. Skin test reactivity to histamine from infancy to old age. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;80:711-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(87)90292-2
  18. Oh JW. Characteristics of allergic pollen and the pollen amount was recently changed in Korea. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;27:1-7.
  19. Kim MK, Oh SW. Change of causative inhalant allergens in respiratory allergic patients in Chungbuk district. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;19:696-702.
  20. Kim YJ, Han JE, Kang IJ. Change of inhalant allergen sensitization in children with allergic respiratory diseases during recent 10 years. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;24:241-246.
  21. Kim JH, Oh JW, Lee HB, et al. Changes in sensitization rate to weed allergens in children with increased weeds pollen counts in Seoul metropolitan area. J Korean Med Sci 2012;27:350-355.
  22. Yoon BJ, Kim SH, Kim DH, Koh YI. Longitudinal changes of sensitization rates to inhalant allergens in patients with allergic diseases from Gwangju and Chonnam areas: their association with annual changes in temperature. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;31:93-104.
  23. Lee JW, Choi GS, Kim JE, et al. Changes in sensitization rates to pollen allergens in allergic patients in the southern part of Gyeonggi province over the last 10 years. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;31:33-40.
  24. Ariano R, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Possible role of climate changes in variations in pollen seasons and allergic sensitizations during 27 years. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010;104:215-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2009.12.005
  25. Cecchi L, D'Amato G, Ayres JG, et al. Projections of the effects of climate change on allergic asthma: the contribution of aerobiology. Allergy 2010;65:1073-1081.
  26. D'Amato G. Urban air pollution and plant-derived respiratory allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2000;30:628-636. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00798.x
  27. D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M, Cazzola M. Outdoor air pollution, climatic changes and allergic bronchial asthma. Eur Respir J 2002;20:763-776. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.00401402
  28. Wayne P, Foster S, Connolly J, Bazzaz F, Epstein P. Production of allergenic pollen by ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is increased in CO2-enriched atmospheres. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:279-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62009-1
  29. McDonnell WF, Abbey DE, Nishino N, Lebowitz MD. Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: the AHSMOG Study. Environ Res 1999;80(2 Pt 1):110-121. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1998.3894
  30. Jin HJ, Kim JE, Kim JH, Park HS. Impacts of climate change on aeroallergens. J Korean Med Assoc 2011;54:156-160. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2011.54.2.156
  31. Knox RB, Suphioglu C, Taylor P, et al. Major grass pollen allergen Lol p 1 binds to diesel exhaust particles: implications for asthma and air pollution. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:246-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00702.x

Cited by

  1. Prevalence and allergens of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents in Gwangju vol.3, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2015.3.1.54
  2. 울산의 두 지역 초등학생의 알레르기 질환 유병과 요중 카드뮴 농도와의 관련성 vol.42, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5668/jehs.2016.42.6.396
  3. Comparison of IgE induction in mice by pollens from three pine tree species vol.41, pp.9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-017-0052-1
  4. A study on the correlation between upper airway diseases and urinary heavy metals concentration in household residents vol.17, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.15250/joie.2018.17.1.78
  5. Optimization of Allergen Panels for Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis vol.62, pp.11, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2019.00451
  6. Trends of Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in Korean Children Over the Last 10 Years vol.61, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2020.61.9.797
  7. 울산지역 초등학교 학생에서 대기중 꽃가루 비산 수준과 흡입 알레르겐 감작률과의 관련성 vol.46, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5668/jehs.2020.46.6.735