Journal of Families and Better Life (가정과삶의질연구)

Korean Home Management Association (가정과삶의질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mediating Effects of Anger Expression Types for Anxiety on the Violent Behaviors of Adolescent School Violence Offenders and General Adolescents

일반청소년과 학교폭력 가해청소년의 불안이 폭력행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 분노표현양식의 매개효과

  • Received : 2014.07.15
  • Accepted : 2014.10.17
  • Published : 2014.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to validate the mediating effects of anger expression types for anxiety on the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders. For the purpose of this study, 114 adolescent school violence offenders and 178 general youths were selected. Through the structural equation model, the mediating effects of anger expression types that are manifested in the path of violent acts of adolescent school violence offenders and general youths are verified. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, for both groups, the same path of violent behavior through anger-in and anger-out was followed: youths repress anger when they have higher anxiety, and when too much anger is repressed, anger-out increases, which results in more violent behaviors. Second, the level of anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders has direct effect on the responsive violent behaviors while the level of anxiety of general youths does not have direct effect on violent behaviors. Third, although the anxiety of adolescent school violence offenders may increase violent behaviors through the paths of acting-in and acting-out, violent behaviors can be reduced by reducing anger-out. Therefore, to reduce the violent behaviors of adolescent school violence offenders, intervention is needed for those who repress their anger due to anxiety; professional education is also required for adolescent school violence offenders to help them control their anger.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1992). Assumptions and comparative strengths of the two-step approach: Comment on Fornell and Yi. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(1), 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192020003002
  2. Bailey, C. A., & Ostrove, J. M. (2008). Differentiating forms and functions of aggression in emerging adults: Associations with the hostile attribution biases and normative beliefs. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 713-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9211-5
  3. Bandalos, D. L. (2002). The effects of item parcelling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 78-102. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0901_5
  4. Beck, A. T. (2000). Prisoner of hate: The cognitive basis of anger, hostility, and violence. New York: Perennial.
  5. Choi, J., & Jo, S. (1990). Reliability and Validity of Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale : Assessment of Anxiety in Children. Journal of The Korean Neuropsychiatric Assossociation, 29(3), 691-701.
  6. Clarey, A., Hokoda, A., & Ulloa, E. C. (2010). Anger Control and Acceptance of Violence as Mediators in the Relationship between exposure to interparental Conflict and Dating Violence Perpetration in Mexican Adolescents. Journal of family violence, 25(7), 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9315-7
  7. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences(2nd ed). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  8. Decarlo, L. T. (1997). On the meaning and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods, 2, 292-307. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.2.3.292
  9. Elliott, G. C., Cunningham, S .M., & Colangelo, M. (2011). Perceived mattering to the family and physical violence within the family by adolescents. Journal of Family Issues, 32(8), 1007-1029. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11398932
  10. Ellonen, N., Kaariainen, J., Sariola, H., & Helweg, L. (2011). Adolescents' Experiences of Parental Violence in Danish and Finnish Families: A Comparative Perspective, Journal of Scandinavian Studies In Criminology, 12(2), 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2011.622076
  11. Ferguson, C. J. (2011). Video Games and Youth Violence: A Prospective Analysis in Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(4), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9610-x
  12. Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
  13. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  14. Gilbert, F., & Daffern, M. (2010). Integrating contemporary aggression theory with violent offender treatment: How thoroughly do interventions target violent behavior?. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(3), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.11.003
  15. Goodwin, R. D., & Hamilton, S. P. (2003). Lifetime comorbidity of antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorders among adults in the community. Psychiatry Research, 117, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00320-7
  16. Gwak, G. J & Mun, E. Y. (1993). between psychological characteristic and gloom and flight. The Korean Psychological Association, 6(2), 29-43.
  17. Hong, S. (2000). The Criteria for Selecting Appropriate Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling and Their Rationales. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 161-177.
  18. Jang, D., Lee, G., Min, B. (1985). An Interrelationship between Adolescent Delinquency and Their Depressive and Trends. Chungang journal of medicine, 10, 405-422.
  19. Jankauskiene, R., Kardelis, K., Sukys, S., & Kardeliene, L. (2008). Associations between school bullying and psychosocial factors. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(2), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.2.145
  20. Jin, H., & Bhe, S. (2012). A meta-analysis on the variables related with juvenile delinquency.Journal of Adolescent Walfare, 14(2), 193-221.
  21. Jo, C. B. (2008). A study on the effect of family function on adolescents' violence delinquency and the verification of the mediating effect of Internet game addiction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  22. Kim, H. (2008). Adolescent Violent(Attack Behaavior) Related Theory and Pregnability Refinement Program. Journal of Adolescent Behavior, 13, 1-15.
  23. Kim, J., & Hwang, J. (2002). A Study on Improvement of Victimization Survey of School Violence. Korean Journal of Victimology, 10(2), 81-100.
  24. Kim, J., & Lee, G. (2010). The Influence of Adolescent's Drinking and Smoking on School Violence: Moderating Effect of Parent-Child Interaction. Journal of Adolescent Walfare, 12(2), 53-74.
  25. Kim, K. (2006). A Case Study of Delinquents' Physical Child Abuse Experiences and Violent Behavior. Journal of Adolescent Counseling, 14(1), 23-37.
  26. Kim, M. J. (2001). Factors Influencing on School Violence in Middle School Students. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10(2), 241-253.
  27. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. NY: The Guilford Press.
  28. Kline, R, B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3nd ed.). NY: Guilford Press.
  29. Kwon, H. Y & Kim, H. Y (2009).The qualitative analysis on psycho-social factors of bullying adolescent at school violence. The Korean Journal of East West Mind Science. 12(1), 1-12.
  30. Lambert, S. F., Ialongo, N. S., Boyd, R. C., & Cooley, M. R. (2005). Risk Factors for Community Violence Exposure in Adolescence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 29-36.
  31. Lee, H. (2000). The Relationships of Paranoia and Depression to the Mode of Anger Expression. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(3), 427-438.
  32. Lee, H., & Kim, E. (2012). The relationship between cognitive and emotional variables and subtypes of aggression in adolescents. Korean journal of youth studie, 19(1), 227-250.
  33. Lee, H., & Choi, J. (2008). The impact of parenting on adolescents' status offenses. Korean journal of youth studie, 15(1), 197-221.
  34. Lee, J. (2005). The Effect of Abused Experiences in Childhood on Violent Behavior. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  35. Lee, M. (2001). Moderating Effects of Daily Life Activity Experiences on the Relationship between Stress and Violent Behaviors in Early Adolescence. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 22(4), 167-188.
  36. Lee, M., & Choi, E. (2007). Moderating effects of adolescent coping strategies on the relationship between stress and violent behaviors, The Korean Journal of Counseling, 15(2), 57-65.
  37. Lee, S. L. (2002). A Study on the Causes of Violence among Students and Preventive Measures for School Violence., Korean Criminological Review, 2-40.
  38. Lee, S. S. (2003).Violence Subculture, Cognitive Mediation, Anger, and Youth Violence: the effects of Family, School, and Neighborhood. Korean criminological review, 14(2), 357-381.
  39. Little, T., Henrich, C., Jones, S., & Hawley, P. (2003). Disentangling the "whys" from the "whats" of aggressive behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250244000128
  40. Mendelson, T. K., Turner, A., & Tandon, S. D. (2010). Violence exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults disconnected from school and work. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(5), 607-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20384
  41. Milligan R. J., & Waller G. (2000). Anger and bulimic psychopathology among nonclinical women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28(4), 446-450. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(200012)28:4<446::AID-EAT13>3.0.CO;2-J
  42. Ministry of education science and technology. (2013). Law about school violence prevention and countermeasure. Seoul: Ministry of Government Legistation.
  43. Moon, S (2009). Comprehension and application of structural equation model. Seoul: Hakgisa.
  44. Moon, S., & Park, Y. (2008). Relation of Self-reported Attachment Style, Trait Anger and Anger Expression in Adolescent Women. Korean journal of women health nursing, 14(2), 143-149.
  45. No, S. (2004). Critical Review of the Previous Studies on School Violence. Korean Criminological Review, 15(1), 87-120.
  46. Oh, E. (2008). Psychological variables affecting school bullying among elementary students: A focus on gender difference. The Journal of Elementary Education, 21(3), 91-110.
  47. Park, H., & Chung, M. (2006). A qualitative analysis on the understanding the actual states of school bullying & violence. The Journal of Korean Education, 33(4), 167-197.
  48. Park, J. (2003). Offensive sufferer's psychological.social special quality and problem behavior. Korean journal of Educational Research, 41(3), 423-449.
  49. Park, Y., & Kim. E. (2001). Comparative analysis of high school students and adolescents under institutional supervision = Influence of environmental and psychological factors on school violence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15(1), 25-52.
  50. Pine, D. S., Cohen, E., Cohen, P., & Brook, J. S. (2000). Social phobia and the persistence of conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 657-665. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00652
  51. Poulin, F., & Bovin, M. (2000). Reactive and proactive aggression: Evidence of two - factor model. Psychological Assessment, 12, 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.12.2.115
  52. Quartana, P. J., & Burns, J. W. (2007). Painful consequences of anger suppression. Emotion, 7, 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.400
  53. Rippon, T. J. (2000). Aggression and violence in health care professions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(2), 452-460. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01284.x
  54. Rottenberg, J., Cross, J. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2005). Emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.627
  55. Shin, H., Lee, K., Lee, H., & Shin, K. (2004). Sex-differences in the effects of comorbidity of depression/anxiety and aggression on adjustment problems of juvenile delinquents. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychology, 16(3), 491-510.
  56. Shin, M., Chung, K., & Kim, E. (2012). Gender Differences in Depression and Anxiety Among Korean Adolescents: Onset and Developmental Change. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.1.005
  57. Sim. E. (1999). The Correlation of Impulsivity, Aggression, and Violent behavior in Adolescence. The Korean Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 24-34.
  58. Sim, H., & Joung, K. (2007). The Impacts of Children's Self-Differentiation on Anxiety and Peer Relationship. The Korean Journal of Counseling, 8(1), 285-297. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.8.1.200703.285
  59. Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G. M. Williams, D. R, & Gilman, S. E. (2011). Common patterns of violence experiences and depression and anxiety among adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(6), 14-15.
  60. Song, D., Seung. J,, & Song, J. (2004). Emotional and Behavioral Factors Relating Adolescent Delinquency in Community. Journal of The Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 43(1), 68-73.
  61. Song, J., Hwang, S., & Jeun, M. (2009). Relationship between Anger Level and Anger-Expression Mode: Age group comparison. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 6(2), 213-227. https://doi.org/10.16983/kjsp.2009.6.2.213
  62. Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russell, S., & Crane, R. S. (1983). Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. Advances in personality assessment, 2, 159-187.
  63. Spielberger, C. D., Krasner, S. S., & Solomon, E. P. (1988). The experience, expression, and control of anger. In Individual differences, stress, and health psychology (pp. 89-108). Springer New York.
  64. Swaha, M. H., & Dnovan, J. E. (2005). Predictors of fight attributed to alcohol use among adolescent drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 1317-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.01.006
  65. Ttofi, M. M., Farrington, D. P., & Losel, F. (2012). School bullying as a predictor of violence later in life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal studies Review Article. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(5), 405-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.05.002
  66. Vitiello, B., & Stoff, D. M. (1997). Subtypes of aggression and their relevance to child psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199703000-00008
  67. Wittmann, M., Arce, E., & Santisteban, C. (2008). How impulsiveness, trait anger, and extracurricular activities might affect aggression in school children. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 618-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.001
  68. Wolff, J. C., & Ollendick, T. H. (2006). The comorbidity of conduct problems and depression in childhood and adolescent. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9, 201-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-006-0011-3