The Journal of Information Systems (한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구)

Korea Association of Information Systems (한국정보시스템학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Smartphone Application's User Interface Design, User's Cognitive Functions, and Work Performance

사용자 인지기능을 매개로 스마트폰 애플리케이션의 사용자환경 디자인이 애플리케이션 이용성과에 미치는 영향

  • 정원진 (단국대학교 상경대학 경영학부) ;
  • 임형록 (한양대학교 경영대학 경영학부)
  • Received : 2014.03.28
  • Accepted : 2014.07.24
  • Published : 2014.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Nowadays, smartphones have become a portable multimedia computer because of a variety of useful applications in our daily lives, which can be downloaded and installed easily in smartphones. Despite of the fact that, however in the IS literature there has been little research on smartphone applications' user interface design. Specifically, there has been little understanding about smartphone users' cognitive functions as a mediating variable in the relationship between the user interface design of smartphone applications and users' work performance with the applications. Thus, the research aims of this study are to examine 1) the effects of the user interface design attributes including simplicity, consistency, and metaphor on the compliance with or the extension of users' mental models representing users' cognitive functions, and 2) the effects of the users' cognitive functions on their work performance with the applications. A survey was conducted and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that two of the user interface design attributes, simplicity and consistency, strongly affected users' cognitive functions. In addition, users' cognitive functions significantly influenced users' work performance. However, there was no relationship between the metaphors in the user interfaces of smartphone applications and the compliance with users' mental model. This study contributed theoretically not only to explore users' mental models that are rarely investigated in the IS field, but also to add some findings related to users' cognitive functions to the IS literature. This study also can help practitioners to develop more user friendly user interfaces of smartphone applications by suggesting the design attributes, such as simplicity, consistency, and metaphor.

Keywords

References

  1. Anandarajan, M., Igbaria, M., and U.P. Anakwe, U.P., "IT Acceptance in a Less-Developed Country: A Motivational Factor Perspective," International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 22, 2002, pp. 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-4012(01)00040-8
  2. Ajzen, I., "The Theory of Planned Behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 50, 1991, pp. 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  3. Atman, C., Bostrom, J., Fischhoff, B., and M.G. Morgan, M.G., "Designing Risk Communications: Completing and Correcting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes," Risk Analysis, Vol. 14, 1994, pp. 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00289.x
  4. Black, M., "More about Metaphor," in Metaphor and Thought, Ortony, A.(ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  5. Bosch, O.J.H., Ross, A.H., and R.J.S. Beeton, R.J.S., "Integrating Science and Management Through Collaborative Learning and Better Information Management," Journal of Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 20, 2003, pp. 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.536
  6. Bostrom, R.P., Olfman, L., and Sein, M.K., "The Importance of Learning Style in End-user Training," MIS Quarterly, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1990, pp. 101-119.
  7. Bower, G.H. and Morrow, D.G., "Mental Models in Narrative Comprehension," Science, Vol. 247, 1990, pp. 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2403694
  8. Burrus, D., From Big Screen to Your Screen: Could Celebrities Become Your e-Agent?, Accessed December 20, 2013, Available: http://edition.cnn.com/ 2013/12/12/business/celebrities-person al-e-agent/index.html?iref=allsearch/.
  9. Carley, K. and Palmquist, M., "Extracting, Representing and Analysing Mental Models," Social Forces, Vol. 70, 1992, pp. 601-636. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/70.3.601
  10. Chen, L.D., Gilenson, M.L., and D.L. Sherrell, D.L., "Enticing Online Consumers: An Extended Technology Acceptance Perspective," Information and Management, Vol. 39, 2002, 705-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(01)00127-6
  11. Choi, J. and Lee, H., "Facets of Simplicity for the Smartphone Interface: A Structural Model," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 70, 2012, pp. 129-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.09.002
  12. Chu, C. and Chan, B.K., "Evolution of Web Site Design: Implications for Medical Education on the Internet," Computer in Biology and Medicine, Vol. 28, 1998, pp. 470-472.
  13. Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D., "A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, 1990, pp. 128-152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
  14. Cox, P., Niewohner, J., Pidgeon, N., Gerrad, S., Fischhoff B., and Riley, D., "The Use of Mental Models in Chemical Risk Protection: Developing a Generic Workplace Methodology," Risk Aanlysis, 2, 2003, pp. 311-324.
  15. Crespo, A.H. and del Bosque, I.R., "The Effect of Innovativeness on the Adoption of B2C e-Commerce: A Model Bbased on the Theory of Planed Behaviour," Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 24, 2008, pp. 2830-2847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.04.008
  16. Crowley, G.H., Leffel, R., Ramirez, D., Hart, J.L., and Armstrong, T.S., "User Perceptions of the Library's Web Pages: A Focus Group Study at Texas A&M University," The Journal of Academic Librarianship, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2002, pp. 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-1333(02)00284-7
  17. Davis, F., "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology," MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, 1989, pp. 319-339. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
  18. Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., and Warshaw, P.R., "User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models," Management Science, Vol. 35, 1989, pp. 982-1002. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
  19. DeVaraj, S.,M. and Kohli, R., "Antecedents of B2C Channel Satisfaction and Preference: Validating e-Commerce Metrics," Information Systems Research, Vol. 13, 2002, pp. 316-334. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.3.316.77
  20. Dixon, J., Nanni, A., and Vollman, T., The new performance challenge: Measuring operations for world class competition, Business One Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1990.
  21. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F., "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error," Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, 1981, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  22. Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., and Straub, D.W., "Trust and TAM in Online Shopping: An Integrated Model," MIS Quarterly, 27, 2003, pp. 51-90. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036519
  23. Gentner, D. and Stevens, A.S., Mental Models, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1983.
  24. Grudin, J., "Consistency, Standards, and Formal Approaches to Interface Development and Evaluation: A Note on Wiecha, Bennett, Boies, Gould, and Greene," ACM Transaction on Information Systems, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1992, pp. 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1145/128756.128760
  25. Gustafson, K., "The Impact of Technology on Learning," Planning for Higher Education, Vol. 32, 2004, pp. 37-43.
  26. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., and Tatham, R.L., Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th ed., Prentice-Hall International, 2006.
  27. Harper, J., Measuring Business Performance, Institute of Manpower Studies, Gower, Aldershot, 1984.
  28. Hope, V., "Object Perception, Perceptual Recognition, and That-Perception Introduction," Philosophy, Vol. 84, 2009, pp. 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003181910999009X
  29. Hoque, Z., "Measuring and Reporting Public Sector Outputs/Outcomes: Exploratory evidence from Australia," International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2008, pp. 468-493. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550810885787
  30. Hoyle, R.H. and Panter, A.T., "Writing about Structural Equation Models," in R.H. Hoyle (ed.), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications, Thousand Oaks, Calif.:Sage, 1995.
  31. Jacks, T., Palvia, P., Schilhavy, R., and Wang, L., "A Framework for the Impact of IT on Organizational Performance," Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2011, pp. 846-870. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637151111166213
  32. Kaplan, R. and Norton, D., The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 1996.
  33. Kaplan, R. and Norton, D., The Strategy Maps, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 2004.
  34. Kearney, A.R. and Kaplan, S., "Toward a Methodology for the Measurement of Knowledge Structures of Ordinary People: the Conceptual Content Cognitive Map," Environmen and Behavior, Vol. 29, 1997, pp. 579-617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916597295001
  35. Kelly, G.A., The Psychology of Personal Constructs, Norton, New York, 1955.
  36. Klopping, I.M. and McKinney, E., "Extending the Technology Acceptance Model and the Task-Technology Fit Model to Consumer e-Commerce," Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, Vol. 24, 2004, pp. 35-47.
  37. Kolkman, M.J., Kok, M., and Van Der Veen, A., "Mental Model Mapping As a New Tool to Analyse the Use of Information in Decision-Making in Integrated Water Management," Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 30, 2005, pp. 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2005.01.002
  38. Koufaris, M., "Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior," Information Systems Research, Vol. 13, 2002, pp. 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.2.205.83
  39. Kurstedt, H., Management System Theory and Practices, Course Lectures for ISE 4015 and 4016, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 1992.
  40. Lauesen, S., User Interface Design: A Software Engineering Perspective, Addison Wesley, 2005.
  41. Lavie, T. and Tractinsky, N., "Assessing Dimensions of Perceived Visual Aesthetics of Web Sites," International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 60, 2004, pp. 269-298.
  42. Lee, D., Chamers, T., and Ely, T., "Web-Based Training in Corporations: Design Issues," International Journal of Instructional Media, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 27-43.
  43. Liebowitz, J., "Will Knowledge Management Work in the Government?", Electronic Government: An International Journal, Vol. 1. No. 1, 2004, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2004.004133
  44. Liebowitz, J., Ayyavoo, N., Nguyen, H., Carran, D., and Simien, J., "Cross-Generational Knowledge Flows in Edge Organizations," Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 107, No. 8, 2007, pp. 1123-1153. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570710822787
  45. Lin, H.X., Choong, Y.. and Salvendy, G., "A Proposed Index of Usability: A Method for Comparing the Relative Usability of Different Software Systems," Behavior and Information Technology, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1997, pp. 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/014492997119833
  46. Lowe, T.D. and Lorenzoni, I., "Danger is All Around: Eliciting Expert Perceptions for Managing Climate Change through a Mental Models Approach," Global Environmental Change, Vol. 17, 2007, pp. 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.05.001
  47. Lyles, M.A. and Mitroff, I.I., "Organizational Problem Formulation: an Empirical Study," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 25, 1980, pp. 102-119. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392229
  48. McWilliam, G. and Dumas, A., "Using Metaphor in New Brand Design," Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 13, 1997, pp. 265-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.1997.9964472
  49. Moran, T., "An Applied Psychology of the User," ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1981, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1145/356835.356836
  50. Moshagen, M. and Thielsch, M.T., "Facets of Visual Aesthetics," International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 68, 2010, pp. 689-709.
  51. Ngo, D.C.L., Teo, L.S., and Byrne, J.G., "Modeling Interface Aesthetics," Information Sciences, Vol. 152, 2003, pp. 25-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-0255(02)00404-8
  52. Neely, A., Measuring Business Performance, Economist Books, London, 1998.
  53. Neely, A., Business Performance Management Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
  54. Nielsen, J. and Budiu, R.. Mobile Usability, New Riders, 2012.
  55. Nielsen, J. and Tahir, M., Homepage Usability: 50 Websites Deconstructed, New Riders, 2001.
  56. Ozok, A.A. and Salvendy, G., "The Effect of Language Inconsistency on Performance and Satisfaction in Using the Web: Results from Three Experiments," Behavior and Information Technology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2003, pp. 155-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929031000107081
  57. Ozok, A.A. and Salvendy, G., "Twenty Guidelines for the Designing of Web-based Interfaces with Consistent Language," Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 20, 2004, pp. 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.012
  58. Paivio, A., "Psychological Processes in the Comprehension of Metaphor" in Metaphor and Thought, Ortony, A.(ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  59. Pavloy, P.A., "Consumer Acceptance of Electronic Commerce: Integrating Trust and Risk with the Technology Acceptance Model," International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2006, pp. 101-134.
  60. Phusavat, K., Anussornnitisarn, P., Helo, P., Dwight, R., "Performance Measurement: Roles and Challenges," Industrial Management and Data Systems, Vol. 109, No. 5, 2009, pp. 646-664. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570910957632
  61. Pongatichat, P. and Johnson, R., "Exploring Strategy-misaligned Performance Measurement," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 57, 2008, pp. 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400810857220
  62. Putu, N., Mimba, S., van Helden, G., and Tillema, S., "Public Sector Performance Measurement in Developing Countries: A Literature Review and Research Agenda," Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, Vol. 3, 2007, pp. 192-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/18325910710820265
  63. Sabatier, P.A. and Jenkins-Smith, H.C., "The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Assessment," in Theories of the policy process, Sabatier, P.A.(ed.), Westview Press, Boulder, Co., 1990.
  64. Senge, P.M., The Fifth Discipline: the Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Doubleday Currency, New York, 1990.
  65. Senge, P.M., "Mental Models," The Planning Review, 20, 1992, pp. 4-10.
  66. Sink, D., Productivity Management Planning Measurement and Evaluation Control and Improvement, Wiley, New York, NY, 1985.
  67. Sink, D. and Tuttle, T., Planning and Measurement in Your Organization of the Future, IE Press, Norcross, GA, 1989.
  68. Thielsch, M.T. and Hirschfeld, G., "High and Low Spatial Frequencies in Website Evaluations," Ergonomics, Vol. 53, 2010, pp. 972-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.489970
  69. Try, D. and Radnor, Z., "Developing an Understanding of Result-based Management through Public Value Theory," International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 20, No. 7, 2007, pp. 655-7673. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550710823542
  70. Vennix, J.A.M., "Group Model-building: Tacking Messy Problems," System Dynamics Review, Vol. 15, 1999, pp. 379-401. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199924)15:4<379::AID-SDR179>3.0.CO;2-E
  71. Venkatesh, V. and Brown, S.A., "A Longitudinal Investigation of Personal Computers in Homes: Adoption Determinants and Emerging Challenges," MIS Querterly, Vol. 25, 2001, pp. 71-102. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250959
  72. Wolfe, C.R., "Plant a Tree in Cyberspace: Metaphor and Analogy as Design Elements in Web-based Learning Environments," CyberPsychology and Behavior, Vol. 4, 2001, pp. 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1089/10949310151088415
  73. Wu, I.L. and Chen, J.L., "An Extending of Trust and TAM Model with TPB in the Initial Adoption of On-line Tax: An Empirical Study," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 62, 2005, pp. 748-808.
  74. Yu, J., Ha, I., Choi, M., and Rho, J., "Extending the TAM for a t-Commerce," Information and Management, Vol., 42, 2005, pp. 965-976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2004.11.001
  75. Zaltman, G., "Amidword, Anthropology, Metaphor, and Cognitive Peripheral Vision," in Contemporary Marketing and Consumer Behavior: An Anthropological Sourcebook, Sherry Jr, J.F.(ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
  76. Zviran, M., Glezer, C.. and Avni, I., "User Satisfaction from Commercial Web Sites: The Effect of Design and Use," Information and Management, Vol. 43, 2006, pp. 157-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.04.002
  77. Zhou, L., Dai, L., and Zhang, D., "Online Shopping Acceptance Model: A Critical Survey of Consumer Factors in Online Shopping," Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 41-62.