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An Analysis of Types, Frequencies, and Sources of Cognitive Backgrounds of the Preservice Teachers' Questions Related to Earth Science Knowledge Presented in Elementary Science Textbooks

초등 과학교과서 지구과학 지식에 대한 예비교사들의 질문 종류, 빈도 및 인지적 배경 출처 분석

  • Lee, Myeongje (Department of Science Education, Gongju National University of Education)
  • 이명제 (공주교육대학교 과학교육과)
  • Received : 2014.03.27
  • Accepted : 2014.07.30
  • Published : 2014.08.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the questions of earth science knowledge presented in elementary science textbooks. In group activities, The questions were created by preservice elementary teachers assuming that they were teaching the earth science knowledge in science education classes at university of education. Types, frequencies, and sources of the cognitive background knowledge of the questions were analyzed. The results demonstrated the followings. First, types, concentrations, and sources of the cognitive background knowledge of the questions were different depending on the domains of earth science. Specifically, in astronomy domain, the frequencies and concentrations of the questions showed different trends compared with other domains in its individual lessons. It suggests that instructional strategies that reflected the difference found in each lessons be appropriately designed and used. Second, it was found that 'schools' was the most dominant sources of the cognitive background. 'Friends' were also found to be very important sources, thus promoting students' interaction with their peers would become an important strategy in science teaching. It was also found that mass media such as 'internet' and 'TV' were roughly rated the same as 'schools' which illustrated that mass media could be utilized in science instruction. Third, since types, concentrations, and frequencies of the questions were diverse in the lessons of units, it is suggested that diverse instruction strategies also be taken into account as an educational approach in teaching the subjects in teacher education.

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 과학교과서에 나오는 지구과학 지식에 대한 질문을 분석하는 것이다. 교육대학교 교과목 수업에서 과학교과서에 나오는 지구과학 지식에 대한 교사로서의 질문을 조별 활동을 통해 추출하였다. 질문의 종류와 빈도, 그리고 질문의 인지적 배경 출처를 조사 분석한 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 지구과학 부문별 질문의 종류와 집중 정도, 그리고 질문의 인지적 배경 출처에 차이가 있었다. 특히 천문관련 부문에서는 다른 부문과는 달리 개별 차시별로 질문 빈도와 집중이 다른 경향을 보이므로 이를 고려한 교수 설계를 할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 인지적 배경 출처로서 '학교' 비율이 가장 높으며, '친구'도 매우 중요한 출처이므로 동료 간 상호작용을 유도하는 협력이 학습에 중요한 요소임을 보여주고 있다. 또한, '인터넷'과 'TV' 같은 대중매체가 '학교'와 비슷한 높은 수준으로 인지적 배경 지식의 출처임을 보여 주고 있어서 이들을 이용한 과학 수업에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 셋째, 차시에 따라 질문의 집중과 종류, 빈도가 다르므로 교사 교육에서 단원별 학습주제에 대한 교육적 접근에서 이를 활용하는 교수방략이 요청된다.

Keywords

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  2. An Analysis of Types and Sources of Background Knowledges of Elementary Preservice Teachers' Questions about Astronomy Contents in Elementary Science Text Books vol.35, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.15267/keses.2016.35.2.194