Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Mothers' Parenting Efficacy on Children's Emotional Regulation : The Role of Mothers' Perception of Fathers' Involvement in Child Care

어머니의 양육효능감이 유아의 정서조절력에 미치는 영향 : 어머니가 지각한 아버지 양육참여도의 역할

  • Yoon, Seohee (Dept. of Child Psychology and Education, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Sung, Jihyun (Dept. of Child Psychology and Education, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 윤서희 (성균관대학교 아동.청소년학과) ;
  • 성지현 (성균관대학교 아동.청소년학과)
  • Received : 2014.05.31
  • Accepted : 2014.08.09
  • Published : 2014.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study sought to illuminate a moderating effect of mother's perception of father's involvement on the associations between mother's parenting efficacy and child's emotional regulation. The participants in this study comprised 292 mothers whose children were aged between 4 and 5. The children were attending child care centers or kindergartens located in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do province in Korea. The questionnaires on mother's parental efficacy, father's parental involvement, and their children's emotional regulation were distributed to mothers through their child care centers or kindergartens. The results indicated a significant correlation among the variables. Although mothers' parenting efficacy had relatively higher effects upon their children's emotional regulation than their fathers' involvement, the effect of a fathers' involvement was still significant. In particular, the fathers' involvement in leisure activities moderated the effects of the mothers' parenting efficacy on children's emotional comprehension and regulation(one of the sub-factors of emotional regulation).

Keywords

References

  1. Adamsons, K., & Buehler, C. (2007). Mothering versus fathering versus parenting measurement equivalence in parenting measures. Parentingscience and Practice, 7(3), 271-303.
  2. Ahn, J. Y. (2001). The effects of maternal parental beliefs, efficacy and stress on mother's parenting behaviors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  3. Ahn, S. M. (2013). Fathers' parenting participation and time. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  5. Baruch, G. K., & Barnett, R. (1986). Father's participation in family work and children's sex role attitudes. Child Development, 57, 1211-1223.
  6. Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129836
  7. Bigner, J. J. (1979). Parent-child relations. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing.
  8. Brunelli, S. A., Wasserman, G. A., Rauh, V. A., Alvardo, L. E., & Caradallo, L. R. (1995). Mother's report of paternal support: Associations with maternal child-rearing attitudes. Merril-Parlmer Quarterly, 41(2), 152-171.
  9. Carr, D., & Springer, K. (2010). Advances in families and health research in the 21st centrury. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 743-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00728.x
  10. Chae, Y. M. (2010). Young children's emotion control and social ability according to parenting attitude. The Association of Young Children Studies, 13, 117-132.
  11. Chang, J. H., Kim, T. S., Kim, H. J., & Lee, H. J. (2000). A study on parental education programs: The status of paternal participation in child rearing and suggestions for the development of education program for fathers. Seoul: Korea Youth Counseling & Welfare Institute.
  12. Chi, S. H. (2007). Relations between rates of fathers participating in child-rearing and children's emotional intelligence. Unpublished master's thesis, Gyeongin National University of Education, Gyeongi, Korea.
  13. Cho, B. W. (2012). Study on dependence of preschoolers' emotional intelligence on mothers' parenting efficacy and verbal control style. Association for Future Early Childhood Education, 19(2), 133-157.
  14. Choi, H. S. (2005). The mediational role of Korean mothers' parenting self-efficacy: The causal relations model of parenting behaviors. Korean Association of Child Studies, 26(6), 351-365.
  15. Cho, J. E., & Chung, O. B. (2004). The relationship between the fathers' child-rearing behaviors and involvements and children's stress coping behaviors. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 11(3), 135-155.
  16. Choi, K. S. (1992). A study on the relationship between social competency of child and the child rearing behaviors and involvement of father. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  17. Choi, M. S., & Song, S. O. (2014). The effects of the young children's self-regulation and peer competence according to fathers' involvement in child-rearing. Journal of Children's Literature and Education, 15(1), 313-332.
  18. Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional development in young children. New York: Guilford Press.
  19. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinard, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 241-273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1
  20. Eisenberg, N., Smith, C. L., Sadovsky, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (2004). Effortful control: Relational with emotion regulation, adjustment, and socialization in childhood. In R. F. Baumerister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbooks of self-regulate on: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 259-282). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  21. Fagan, J., & Inglesias, A. (1999). Father involvement program effects on fathers, father figures, and their head start children: A quasi-experimental study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 14, 243-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(99)00008-3
  22. Finley, G. E., Mira, S. D., & Schwartz, S. J. (2008). Perceived paternal and maternal involvement: Factor structures, mean differences, and parental roles. Fathering, 6(1), 62-81. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0601.62
  23. Gilliom, M., Shaw, D. S., Beck, J. E., Schonberg, M. A., & Lukon, J. L. (2002). Anger regulation in disadvantaged preschool boys: Strategies, antecedents, and the development of selfcontrol. Developmental Psychology, 38, 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.222
  24. Gnepp, J., & Hess, D. L. (1986). Children's understanding of verbal and facial display. Developmental Psychology, 22(1), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.103
  25. Goldberg, W. A. (1990). Marital quality, parental personality and spousal agreement about perceptions and expectations for children. Merril-Parlmer Quarterly, 36, 531-556.
  26. Gondoli, D. M., & Silverberg, S. B. (1977). Maternal emotional distress and diminished responsiveness: The mediating role of parenting efficacy and parental perspective taking. Developmental Psychology, 33(5), 861-868.
  27. Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health. Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.373
  28. Gralinski, J. H., & Kopp, C. B. (1993). Every rules for behavior: Mothers' requests to young children. Development of Psychology, 10(3), 243-268.
  29. Han, J. H., & Shim, M. K. (2011). Children's emotional intelligence and their father's child-child-rearing behaviors. Journal of Life-Span Studies, 1(1), 19-31.
  30. Harris, K. M., & Morgan, S. P. (1991). Fathers, sons, and daughters: Differential paternal involvement in parenting. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(3), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.2307/352730
  31. Harris, P. L., & Gross, D. (1988). Children's understanding of real and apparent emotion. In J. W. Astington, P. L. Harris, & D. R. Olson (Eds.), Developing theories of mind (pp. 295-314). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  32. Heo, S. Y. (2008). Research on time use for housework of women and men in double income households. Korean Association of Women's Studies, 24(3). 177-210.
  33. Hwang, H. J., Yoon, M. H., Kang, S. B., Sung, N, W., & Hwang, H. S. (2002). The development of a diagnostic test for preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. The Korean Society for Early Childhood Education, 22(1), 73-89.
  34. Hwang, Y. M., & Moon. H. J. (2006). Peer acceptance in relation to children's temperament, maternal self-efficacy, and paternal child rearing involvement. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 44(2), 83-91.
  35. Jackson, A. P. (2000). Maternal self-efficacy and children's influence on stress and parenting among single black mothers in poverty. Journal of Family, 21(1), 3-16.
  36. Jeon, I. O., & Lee, K. O. (1999). The effects of mother-related factors on the self-efficacy of young children. Korean Society for Early Childhood Education, 19(1), 169-187.
  37. Jeon, Y. J. (1996). The relationships among role conflict, coping strategy, self-esteem, and psychological distress of dual-career wives. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
  38. Jhonston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 32, 614-623.
  39. Jung, E. J. (2005). A study on variables affecting behavioral/emotional self-regulation of children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  40. Jung, H. H., & Choi, K. S. (1992). Father's child-rearing behaviors and children's prosocial moral judgement. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 16(1), 33-47.
  41. Kim, B. S. (2011). The effects of father's participation in the care of their children on mother's parenting efficacy and parenting behavior. Unpublished master's thesis, Silla University, Busan, Korea.
  42. Kim, E. H. (2009). Relationship among marital conflicts, co-parenting and a child's emotional regulation. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  43. Kim, H. S. (2009). The relationship among mothers' clinging, parenting-efficacy and preschoolers' emotional intelligence. The Journal of Korea Early Childhood Education, 16(4), 203-226.
  44. Kim, J. (2005). A study on the relationship between father's participation in child rearing and mother's child rearing stress. Unpublished master's thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  45. Kim, J., & Lee, J. H. (2005). The relationship between father's participation in child rearing and mother's child rearing stress. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 26(5), 245-261.
  46. Kim, J. S. (2000). Children's pro-social behavior according to father's child rearing attitude and rearing involvement. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  47. Kim, J. Y. (2007). The effects of preschooler's temperament, marital conflict and preschooler's emotion regulation on problem behavior. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  48. Kim, K. E. (2011). Maternal depression, parental efficacy, and involvement in play and children's social and emotional competence. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 18(4), 1-17.
  49. Kim, K. H. (2000). Relationship between father's psychological life position and involvement in child-rearng and children's social competence. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
  50. Kim, K. W., & Lee, I. S. (1998). The relationship between the child rearing involvement of fathers and children's social-emotional competence. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 19(2), 65-75.
  51. Kim, M. S. (2005). The effects of parenting stress and parenting efficacy on parenting behavior among mothers: The case of those with preschoolers and school-aged children. Unpublished master's thesis, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
  52. Kopp, C. B. (1982). Antecedents of self regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 199-214. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.18.2.199
  53. Krishnakumar, A., & Buehler, C. (2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviours: A metaanalytic review. Family Relations, 49, 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00025.x
  54. Kwon, H. K. (2009). The relations of father's participation in the care of their children, mother's parenting behavior, mother's parenting efficacy, and learning-related social skills of children. Korean Association for Learnercentered Curriculum and Instruction, 13(4), 79-98.
  55. Lamb, M. E. (1975). Fathers: Forgotten contributors on child development. Human Development, 18, 245-257. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271493
  56. Lee, C. R., & Moon, H. J. (2011). Relationship of children's peer play behavior and mother's parenting self-efficacy and mother's perception of the father participation. Journal of Human Science, 31(1), 66-91.
  57. Lee, J. S. (2003). Fathers' childrearing involvement and mothers' childrearing stress. Korean Society for Early Childhood Education, 23(3), 5-19.
  58. Lee, J. S., & Jung, O, B. (2002). Children's emotional intelligence: Relationships with parental attitudes. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 23(1), 18-35.
  59. Lee, K. S., Shin, E. J., Jeon, Y. J., & Park, J. A. (2004). The characteristics of behavior problem amon young children in Korea. The Korean Journal of Developmental psychology. 17(4), 53-73.
  60. Lee, S. H., & Han, E. J. (1998). A study on paternal role-behavior of married men. The Korean Home Management Association, 16(2), 23-39.
  61. Lee, S. M., & Min, H. Y. (2007). The relationship between preschooler's temperament, father's child-rearing involvement, and mother's child-rearing stress. Korea Association of Human Ecology, 16(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2007.16.2.219
  62. Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. (1981). Direct and indirect interactions in social relationships. In L. Lipsitt. (Ed.), Advances in infancy research: Vol. 1. (pp. 129-161). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
  63. Leve, L. D., Kim, H. K., & Pears, K. D. (2005). Childhood temperament and family environment as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories from ages 5 to 17. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(5), 505-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-6734-7
  64. Luster, T., & Kain, E. L. (1987). The relation between family context and perceptions of parental efficacy. Early Child Development and Care, 29, 301-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443870290306
  65. Meunier, J. C., & Roskam, I. (2009). Self-efficacy beliefs amongst parents of young children: Validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 18(5), 495-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9252-8
  66. Mondell, S. & Tyler, F. B. (1981). Parental competence and styles of problem-solving play behavior with children. Developmental Psychology, 17, 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.17.1.73
  67. Moon, H. J. (1999). A study of variables related to parental child-rearing practices. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 36(11), 91-101.
  68. Moon, H. J. (2000). Parental disciplinary practices as predictors of peer acceptance. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 38(7), 39-52.
  69. Nam, J. H. (2005). A study on the relationships of mother's parent-efficacy, parenting style and adolescence's self-regulation ability. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  70. Park, E. S. (2012). Relations among coparenting, father involvement in child-rearing, and toddler's emotion regulation. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  71. Park, H. S. (2011). Relations of mothers' personality and emotional expressiveness toward preschoolers' emotion regulation. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  72. Park, J. Y. (2013, July, 19). I am Friendy… Global movement to be good father. Kyunghyang Shinmun, Retrieved July. 19, 2013, from http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201307192140175&code=9 40100.
  73. Park, J. Y. (2013). The effects of child's temperament, mothers' parenting behavior, temperament-parenting goodness of fit on child's emotion regulation. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  74. Park, M. L. (2011). The effect of mother's parenting efficacy on children's emotional regulation and peer competence. Unpublished master's thesis, Myongji University, Seoul, Korea.
  75. Park, S. Y. (2006). The effects of maternal parenting-efficacy on children's self-efficacy and children's self-regulation. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  76. Parke, R. D. (1994). Progress, paradigms, and unresolved problems: A commentary on recent advances in our understanding of children's emotions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 157-169.
  77. Parke, R. D., Power, T. G., & Gottman, J. M. (1979). Conceptualizing and quantifying influence patterns in the family triad. In M. E., Lamb, S. J. Suomi, & G. R. Stephenson. (Eds.), Social interaction analysis (pp. 231-253). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
  78. Parker, J., & Asher, S. R. (1987). Peer relationship and later personal adjustment: Are low accepted children at risk? Psychological Bulletin, 102, 357-389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.102.3.357
  79. Perry, D. G., Perry, L. C., & Rasmussen, P. (1986). Cognitive social learning mediators of aggression. Child Development, 57, 700-711. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130347
  80. Pleck, J., & Masciadrelli, B. (2004). Paternal involvement by U.S. residential fathers. In M. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development 4th (pp. 222-271). New York: Wiley.
  81. Rinaldi, C. M., & Howe, N. (2012). Mothers' and fathers' parenting styles and associations with toddlers' externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behaviors. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(2), 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.08.001
  82. Roopnarine, J. L., Krishnakumar, A., Metindogan, A., & Evans, M. (2006). Links between parenting styles, parent-child academic interaction, parent-school interaction, and early academic skills and social behaviors in young children of English-speaking Caribbean immigrants. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.04.007
  83. Rydell, A. M., Berlin, L., & Bohlin, G. (2003). Emotionality, emotion regulation, and adaptation among 5-to 8-year-old children. Emotion, 3, 30-47. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.30
  84. Salonen, A. H., Kaunonen, M., Astedt-Kurki, P., Jarvenpaa, A., Isoaho, H., & Tarkka, M. (2009). Parenting self-efficacy after childbirth. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(11), 2324-2336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05113.x
  85. Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York: Guilford Press.
  86. Seo, H. L., & Lee, Y. (2008). The effect of maternal attitude toward child's emotional expressiveness and maternal emotional expressiveness on preschoolers' emotional regulation strategies. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(2). 33-56.
  87. Seo, H. Y., & Lee, S. H. (1999). The relations of work - Father role conflict with parent satisfaction and parenting sense of competence. Korea Association of Family Relations, 4(2), 257-280.
  88. Sevigny, P. R., & Loutzenhiser, L. (2009). Predictors of parenting self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of toddlers. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(2), 179-189.
  89. Shields, A. M., & Cicchetti, D. (1995, March). The development of an emotion regulation assessment battery: Reliability and validity among at-risk grade-school children. Poster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis, IN.
  90. Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Emotion regulation among school-age children: The development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale. Developmental Psychology, 33(6), 906-916. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.906
  91. Shin, H. W. (2004). A study on the development of Self-regulation Rating Scale(SRS). Unpublished master's thesis, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
  92. Son, M. G. (2005). An empirical study on unpaid work time of dual-earner couples: Focusing on statistics from lifetime use survey. Korea Women's Studies Institute, 5, 239-297.
  93. Song, E. J. (2011). Changes in parental time spent with children. Journal of the Korea Gerontology Society, 34(2), 45-64.
  94. Song, M. H., Song, Y. S., & Kim, Y. J. (2007). The effects of parenting stress and social support on parenting self-efficacy in early childhood mothers. Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 10(12), 165-183.
  95. Sung, J. H., & Baek, J. H. (2011). Validation of the Echelle Globale du Sentiment de Competence Parentale(EGSCP) in Korea: A measure of domain-specific self-efficacy and related cognitive constructs for parents. The Korean Journal of Development Psychology, 24(4), 135-150.
  96. Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2003) Parenthood and marital satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 574-583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00574.x
  97. Volling, B. L., & Belsky, J. (1991). Multiple determinants of father involvement during infancy in dual-earner and single-earner families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(2), 461-474. https://doi.org/10.2307/352912
  98. Yang, E. H., & Choi, H. S. (2011). A study on the relationships between psychological wellbeing and parenting self-efficacy of preschooler mothers. The Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 12(16), 211-230.
  99. Yang, O. S. (2006). The development of selfregulation rating scale for young children. The Journal of Korea Early Childhood Education, 13(2), 161-182.
  100. Yoon, H. K. (2010). Effects of the father's emotional empathy and involvement in child-rearing on the child's emotional intelligence. Unpublished master's thesis, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Cited by

  1. The effects of paternal parenting sense of competence, parental satisfaction, conflict-coping behaviors, preschooler's emotional regulation on preschooler's social skills vol.24, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2015.24.4.463
  2. Relationships between Children’s Dietary Self-efficacy, General Characteristics and Mother’s Parenting Self-efficacy among Elementary School Students in Seoul Area vol.30, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2015.30.6.703
  3. The Effectiveness of the Respected Parents and Respected Children Parent Education Program for Mothers of Toddlers vol.37, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.2.95
  4. The Effects of Father Marital Satisfaction on Young Child Emotion Regulation: Mediating Effects of Father Parenting Participation vol.37, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.3.111
  5. The Effects of Fathers' Parenting Involvement on Parenting Competence Among Mothers with Young Children: A Focus on the Moderating Effects of Couple's Communication vol.39, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.5.31
  6. The Mediating Effects of Mother–Teacher Communication Attitudes and Frequency on the Relationship between Maternal Parenting Efficacy and Young Children’s Social Competence vol.39, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.3.33
  7. Influence of Father’s and Mother’s Playfulness, Empathic Emotional Reaction, and the Child’s Playfulness on the Child’s Emotional Regulation: Examining the Mediated Moderation Effect vol.39, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.6.113