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The Long-Term Variations of Water Quality in Masan Bay, South Sea of Korea

남해 마산만 수질의 장기 변동 특성

  • 권정노 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 임재현 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 심정희 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 이장호 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 최태준 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과)
  • Received : 2014.05.29
  • Accepted : 2014.08.19
  • Published : 2014.08.25

Abstract

For the better understanding of long-term and seasonal variations of water quality in Masan Bay, South Sea of Korea, we analyzed the archive data monitored at three stations of the bay during the last 13 years (2000-2012). The average concentrations of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and the dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) during the monitoring period are $2.70{\pm}0.09{\mu}/L$, $19.66{\pm}1.84{\mu}m$ and $1.39{\pm}0.13{\mu}m$ in surface water, respectively, and $2.22{\pm}0.07{\mu}/L$, $18.53{\pm}1.36{\mu}m$ and $1.47{\pm}0.12{\mu}m$ in bottom water, respectively. The trophic state of the surface water was the eutrophic level in Masan Bay during the four seasons. The DIN concentrations of both surface and bottom waters increased from August to November and showed the highest average in November. However, The DIN decreased from February to May and showed the lowest average in May. The concentrations of the DIP and the dissolved silicate (DSi) in bottom waters had the highest averages in August because of the high water temperature and oxygen deficient condition. The results of correlation analysis and factor analysis showed that the main factors of surface waters were inflow of nutrients from terrestrial areas and internal production, and the main factors of bottom waters were the variations of the dissolved oxygen (DO), the DIP, and the DSi. The DIN and DIP average concentrations (2007~2012) had decreased in range of 68.1%~76.0% and 66.2~76.6%, respectively from 2007 in which the "Regulation of Total Emission" was established in Masan Bay. Therefore, it could have had positive effects on water quality improvement to take the "Regulation of Total Emission" and other actions such as reducing water pollutions in Masan Bay from 2007.

남해 마산만의 수질 장기 변동 특성을 파악하기 위해 3개 정점(표 저층수)에서 장기(2000~2012년) 관측된 영양염류 등의 주요 성분들의 자료를 분석하였다. 관측기간 동안 표층수에서 COD, DIN, DIP의 평균 농도는 각각 $2.70{\pm}0.09mg/L$, $19.66{\pm}1.84{\mu}m$, $1.39{\pm}0.13{\mu}m$이며, 저층수에서는 각 $2.22{\pm}0.07mg/L$, $18.53{\pm}1.36{\mu}m$, $1.47{\pm}0.12{\mu}m$이다. 표층수의 경우 전 계절에서 부영양(eutrophic) 단계 수준을 보이며, DIN의 농도는 8월부터 증가하기 시작하여 11월에 최대값에 도달한 후, 2월부터 감소하기 시작하여 5월에 최소값에 이르는 계절적 변동을 보인다. DIP와 DSi의 경우, 수온이 높고, 산소 농도가 낮은 8월의 저층수에서 가장 높았고, 2월이 가장 낮았다. 수질 성분들의 상관분석 및 요인분석 결과에 의하면, 표층수의 경우 담수유입에 따른 용존무기질소와 내부생산이 주요 요인이였고, 저층수는 용존산소의 변동과 이에 따른 DIP, DSi의 변동이 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 또한, 장기변동 분석결과에 의하면, '총량규제' 실시 이후(2007~2012년) 마산만의 DIN과 DIP 평균농도는 이전(2000~2006년)에 비해 각각 68.1~76.0%와 66.2~76.6% 감소한 것으로 나타나, 2007년 '총량규제' 실시와 이에 따른 오염저감 정책이 수질(특히 영양염) 개선에 큰 영향을 준 것으로 평가된다.

Keywords

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