Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering (한국CDE학회논문집)

Society for Computational Design and Engineering (한국CDE학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Research on Cognitive Effects and Responsiveness of Smartphone-based Augmented Reality Navigation

스마트폰 증강현실 내비게이션의 인지능력과 호응도에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2014.05.14
  • Accepted : 2014.07.14
  • Published : 2014.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Most of the car navigation systems pzrovide 2D or 3D virtual map-based driving guidance. One of the important issues is how to reduce cognitive burden to the driver who should interpret the abstracted information to real world driving information. Recently, an augmented reality (AR)-based navigation is considered as a new way to reduce cognitive workload by superimposing guidance information into the real world scene captured by the camera. In particular, head-up display (HUD) is popular to implement AR navigation. However, HUD is too expensive to be set up in most cars so that the HUD-based AR navigation is currently unrealistic for navigational assistance. Meanwhile, smartphones with advanced computing capability and various sensors are popularized and also provide navigational assistance. This paper presents a research on cognitive effect and responsiveness of an AR navigation by a comparative study with a conventional virtual map-based navigation on the same smartphone. This paper experimented both quantitative and qualitative studies to compare cognitive workload and responsiveness, respectively. The number of eye gazing at the navigation system is used to measure the cognitive effect. In addition, questionnaires are used for qualitative analysis of the responsiveness.

Keywords

References

  1. Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S. and MacIntyre, B., 2001, Recent Advances in Augmented Reality, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21(6), pp.34-47.
  2. Kim, S. and Dey, A.K., 2009, Simulated Augmented Reality Windshield Display as a Cognitive Mapping Aid for Elder Driver Navigation, Proc. CHI'09, pp.133-142.
  3. Narzt, W., Pomberger, G. and Ferscha, A., 2003, Pervasive Information Acquisition for Mobile AR-navigation Systems, Proc. 5th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications, pp.13-20.
  4. Takada, D., Ogawa, T., Kiyokawa, K. and Takemura, H., 2009, A Context-aware AR Navigation System Using Wearable Sensors, LNCS, 5612, pp.793-801.
  5. Azuma, R., 1997, A Survey of Augmented Reality, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), pp.355-385.
  6. Feiner, S., MacIntyre, B., Holler, T. and Webster, A., 1997, A Touring Machine: Prototyping 3D Mobile Augmented Reality Systems for Exploring the Urban Environment, Personal Technologies, 1(4), pp.208-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01682023
  7. Rhee, G.W., Seo, D.W. and Lee, J.Y., 2007, Ubiquitous Car Maintenance Services Using Augmented Reality and Context Awareness, Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers, 12(3), pp.717-181.
  8. Seo, D. and Lee, J.Y., 2013, Direct Hand Touchable Interactions in Augmented Reality Environments and Intuitive User Experiences, Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), pp.3784-3793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.091
  9. Cha, M., Han, S. and Huh, Y., 2013, A Walking Movement System for Virtual Reality Navigation, Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers, 18(4), pp.290-298. https://doi.org/10.7315/CADCAM.2013.290
  10. Kim, K.-H., Cho, S.-I., Lee, J.-S. and Wohn, K.-Y., 2009, Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Augmented Reality Navigation System, Journal of the Korean Society for Simulation, 18(4), pp.9-20.
  11. Medenica, Z., Kun, A.L., Paek, T. and Palinko, O., 2011, Augmented Reality vs. Street Views: a Driving Simulator Study Comparing Two Emerging Navigation Aids, Proc. MobileCHI'11, pp.265-274.
  12. Mapple3Di AR, 2012, https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/mapple3di-lieol3d-naebigeisyeon/id366595714?mt=8&ign-mpt=uo%3D4.
  13. OmniGuider AR, 2012, http://www.omniguider.com/EnglishPage/index.html
  14. Pioneer AR. 2013, http://pioneer.jp/
  15. Wikitude AR, 2012, http://www.wikitude.org/en/drive
  16. Kun, A.L., Paek, T., Medenia, Z., Memarovic, N. and Palinko, O., 2009, Glancing at Personal Navigation Devices can Affect Driving: Experimental Results and Design Implication, Proc. AutomotiveUI'09, pp.129-146.
  17. Ablassmeier, M., Poitschke, T., Wallhoff, F., Bengler, K. and Rigoll, G., 2007, Eye Gaze Studies Comparing Head-up and Head-down Displays in Vehicles, Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, pp.2250-2252.
  18. Tonnis, M., Sandor, C., Klinker, G., Lange, C. and Bubb, H., 2005, Experimental Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Visualization for Directing a Car Driver's Attention, Proc. ISMAR'05, pp.56-59.
  19. R-Project for Statistical Computing, 2013, http://www.r-project.org
  20. Shapiro-Wilk normality test, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapiro-wilk_normality_test
  21. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test
  22. Google Glass, 2014, http://www.google.com/glass/start/