Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis of Children's Creative Thinking Styles According to Cluster Analysis

군집분석을 이용한 아동의 창의적 사고유형 분석

  • 김경은 (남서울대학교 아동복지학과) ;
  • 김은아 (고려대학교 대학원 가정학과 아동학전공) ;
  • 김성희 (상지창의성연구소)
  • Received : 2013.12.16
  • Accepted : 2014.03.12
  • Published : 2014.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study explored the creative thinking styles of children according to cluster analysis and examined group differences in the gender of children. The participants consisted of 250 elementary school students living in Seoul, Korea. Data were analyzed by means of cluster analysis and ${\chi}^2$ test. The results from the cluster analysis based on the scores on the sub-factors of TTCT(Torrance Test of Creative Thinking) suggested the existence of four clusters('Non-creative', 'Divergent creative', 'Elaborate creative, 'Multiple creative'). Additionally, four clusters were found to be differentiated according to gender.

Keywords

References

  1. Baer, J. (1999). Gender differences in creativity. In Runco, M. A., & Pritzker, S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (pp. 753-758). San Diego: Academic Press.
  2. Baer, J., & Kaufman, J. C. (2011). Gender differences in creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 42(2), 75-105.
  3. Barron, F. (1988). Putting creativity to work. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp. 76-98). Cambridge: University Press.
  4. Cho, B. K., Cho, S. Y., & Park, S. O. (1996). A study on the creativity of young children as a function of the questioning patterns of teachers. Korean Association of Child Studies, 17(1), 23-37.
  5. Cho, Y. S., Choi, K. L., & Choi, M. K. (2009). An analysis of perception of creativity and creative education in Korean elementary schools. Ewha Journal of Educational Research, 40(3), 215-237.
  6. Choi, B. Y., & Park, M. H. (2004). Effects of creativity education program through the creative problem solving model. The Korea Journal of Education Methodology Studies, 16(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2004.16.1.1
  7. Choi, M. J. (2010). Teacher education model development for creativity and character education. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 10(3), 501-526.
  8. Choi, S. H. (2013). The effect of the origami class using the SCAMPER technique on children's creativity, intelligence, and self-efficacy. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  9. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins.
  10. Dacey, J. S. (1989). Peak periods of creative growth a cross the lifespan. In G. J. Puccio & M. C. Murdock (Eds.). Creativity assessment: Reading and resources (p. 323-345). Buffalo, NY: CEF Press.
  11. Dacey, J. S., & Lennon, K. H. (1998). Understanding creativity: The interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
  12. Davis, G. A. (1997). Identifying creative students and measuring creativity. In N. Colangelo & G. A. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of gifted education (pp. 269-281). Needham Heights, MA: Viacom.
  13. Davis, G. A. (1998). Creativity is forever (4th Ed.). Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.
  14. de Bono, E. (1985). de Bono's thinking course. London: Ariel Books.
  15. Feldhusen, J. F., & Treffinger, D. J. (1975). Teachers' attitudes and practices in teaching creativity and problem solving to economically disadvantaged and minority children. Psychological Reports, 37, 1161-1162. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1975.37.3f.1161
  16. Feldhusen, J. F., & Treffinger, D. J. (2011). Developing creative thinking: The Purdue creativity program. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 4(2), 85-90.
  17. Gentry, M., Rizza, M., & Owen, S. (2002). Examining perceptions of challenge and choice in classrooms: The relationship between teachers and their students and comparisons between gifted students and other students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 46(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/001698620204600207
  18. Gowan, J. C., Demos, G. D., & Torrance, E. P. (1967). Creativity: Its educational implications. New York: Wiley.
  19. Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444-454. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0063487
  20. Hair, J. F., Jr., & Black, W. C. (2000). Cluster analysis. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 147-205). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  21. Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (1988). The role of the environment in creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity (pp. 11-38). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  22. Kampylis, P., Berki, E., & Saariluoma, P. (2009). In-service and prospective teachers conceptions of creativity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 4(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.10.001
  23. Kershner J. R., & Ledger, G. (1985). Effect of sex, intelligence, and style of thinking in creativity: A comparison of gifted and average IQ children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(4), 1133-1246.
  24. Kim, E. A., Jung, O. B., & Jung, S. H. (2007). An analysis of the relationship between intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and creativity of children focusing on sex and age. Journal of Educational Studies, 38(2), 23-47.
  25. Kim, H. J., & Hong, S. O. (2012). The effects of Korean version of Renzulli's creativity program on creativity of the scientifically gifted children. The Journal of Humanities, 28, 423-452.
  26. Kim, K. E., Kim, E. A., Lee, H. S., & Choi, I. S. (2007). Survey on the perception of creativity education by parents and teachers of early children. Human Life Science, 10, 167-187.
  27. Kim, S. M. (2007). The effect of brainstorming activity in fine arts on the improvement of children's creativity. Unpublished master's thesis, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea.
  28. Kim, Y. C. (2002). The Torrance tests of creative thinking manual, figural A and B. Daegu: Korean Future Problem Solving Program / Hyun-Gok R & D.
  29. Kim, Y. C. (2006). Figural TTCT : Thinking creativity with figural, norms - technical manual, form A. (4th Ed.). Daegu: Korean Future Problem Solving Program/Hyun-Gok R & D.
  30. Kwak, K. J. (2009, July, 15). Creativity from cooperation. The Dong-A daily, Retrieved September, 9, 2013, from http://news.donga.com/3/all/20090715/8755770/1
  31. Lee, J. H. (2010). Analysis on the early childhood teachers' recognition on creativity education and its applications. Unpublished master's thesis, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  32. Lew, K. H. (2006). Comparative study on the creative product between high and low groups of creative thinking ability and creative personality in the elementary school children. Korean Society for Creativity Education. 11(2), 67-86.
  33. Maslow, A. H. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York: Viking Press.
  34. Matud, P., Rodriguez, C., & Grande, J. (2007). Gender differences in creative thinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1137-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.006
  35. Milgram, R. M., & Milgram, N. A. (1976). Group versus individual administration in the measurement of creative thinking in gifted and nongifted children. Child Development, 47, 563-565. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128823
  36. Millar, G. W. (2002). The Torrance kids at mid-life. Westport, CT: Ablex.
  37. Ministry of Education and Science Technology (MEST) (2009). The 7th educational curriculum revision.
  38. Moon, S. Y. (2009). A study on the ways to conceive ideas for the development of children's creativity. Journal of Korea Design Forum, 22, 59-66.
  39. Moustakis, C. E. (1967). Creativity and conformity. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand.
  40. Osborn, A. F. (1957). Applied imagination (1st Eds.). New York: Scribner.
  41. Park, H. J. (1994). Study on the relation between creativity and home environment. Unpublished master's thesis, Woo-Suk University, Chonju, Korea.
  42. Park, S. J. (2013). Development of creativity and personality educational program for prospective infant teachers and its effects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea.
  43. Park, Y. I. (2007). Effect of creative problem solving model on improvement of elementary student's creativity. Unpublished master's thesis, Pusan National University of Education, Busan, Korea.
  44. Perkins, D. A. (1988). The possibility of invention. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp. 363-386). NY: Cambridge University Press.
  45. Ripple, R. E., & Dacey, J. S. (1969). Relationships of some adolescent characteristics and verbal creativity. Psychology in the Schools, 6(3), 321-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(196907)6:3<321::AID-PITS2310060321>3.0.CO;2-K
  46. Rogers, C. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  47. Runco, M. A. (2007). Creativity - theories and themes: Research, development, and practice. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  48. Torrance, E. P. (1977). Creativity in the classroom: What research says to the teacher. Washington, D. C.: National Education Association.
  49. Treffinger, D. J., Isaksen, S. G., & Dorval, K. B. (2000). Creative problem solving: An introduction (3rd Eds.). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press
  50. Urban, K. K. (1995). Creativity: A component approach model. Paper presented at the World Conference on the Education for the Gifted and Talented, Hong Kong.
  51. Woo, S. H., Lee, H. J., & Kim, J. W. (2010). A method of design cooperative learning group composition to promote creativity - elementary school students in the early grades. Journal of Korean Society of Design Science, 23(4), 77-92.
  52. Yu, Y. O. (2003). On the development of creativity by the TCT-DP in Korean children. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(2), 53-70.