Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Temperature Effects on Shoot Growth and Flowering of Kumquat Trees

  • Chang, Yung-Chiung (Department of Horticulture, National Ilan University) ;
  • Chen, Iou-Zen (Department of Horticulture and Landscap Architecture, National Taiwan University) ;
  • Lin, Lian-Hsiung (Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University) ;
  • Chang, Yu-Sen (Department of Horticulture and Landscap Architecture, National Taiwan University)
  • Received : 2012.09.25
  • Accepted : 2013.11.07
  • Published : 2014.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of temperature on the shoot growth and flowering of potted kumquat [Fortunella margarita ( Lour.) Swingle] trees grown in subtropical conditions of I-Lan County in Taiwan. Temperature treatments included T 25-32, T 17-25, T 22, and T 18. The T 25-32 treatment trees were to the day/night temperatures of $25/18^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks, followed by 28 weeks at $32/25^{\circ}C$. T 17-25 was exposed for 4 weeks to $17/10^{\circ}C$ followed by 26 weeks at $25/18^{\circ}C$. T 22 and T 18 were exposed at $22/18^{\circ}C$ and $18/13^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the entire duration of the experiment. Control trees were placed in a plastic greenhouse under conditions similar to the natural environment. The kumquat trees exposed to high-temperature environment of $32/25^{\circ}C$ showed more frequent and speedy sprouting of new buds, but induced the earlier termination of shoot elongation growth, resulting in decreased vegetative growth. The temperature treatments lower than $22^{\circ}C$ suppressed the new shoot production but increased the shoot growth period, resulting in increased shoot length and diameter. Temperatures higher than $25/18^{\circ}C$ readily induced flowering, with flowering being advanced under the higher temperature conditions such as $32/25^{\circ}C$. However, flowering was substantially inhibited under temperature conditions lower than $22/18^{\circ}C$, indicating the negative role of relatively lower temperatures on flowering of kumquat trees.

Keywords

References

  1. Albrigo, L.G. and V.G. Sauco. 2004. Flower bud induction, flowering and fruit-set of some tropical and subtropical fruit tree crops with special reference to citrus. Acta Hort. 632:81-90.
  2. Chang, Y.C., H.C. Yu, J.H. Xie, I.Z. Chen, and Y.S. Chang. 2009. Investigation of growth and flower phenology on kumquat. Conf. Taiwan Soc. Hort. Sci. 55:295. (Abstr.)
  3. Chen, R.Y., J.P. Huang, and M.J. Tsai. 2010. The effect of the kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle) peel extract on the inflammatory biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk. Taiwanese J. Agric. Chem. Food Sci. 48:112-119.
  4. Davenport, T.L. 1990. Citrus flowering. Hort. Rev. 12:349-408.
  5. Garcia-Luis, A., F. Fornes, and J.L. Guardiola. 1995. Leaf carbohydrates and flower formation in citrus. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120: 222-227.
  6. Goldschmidt, E.E., N. Aschkenazi, Y. Herzano, A.A. Schaffer, and S.P. Monselise. 1985. A role for carbohydrate levels in the control of flowering in citrus. Sci. Hort. 26:159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(85)90008-1
  7. Iwahori, S., A. Garcia-Luis, P. Santamarina, C. Monerri and J.L. Guardiola. 1990. The influence of ringing on bud development and flowering in satsuma mandarin. J. Exp. Bot. 41:1341-1346. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/41.10.1341
  8. Iwahori, S. and S. Tominaga. 1986. Increase in first-flush flowering of 'Meiwa' k umquat, Fortunella crassifolia Swingle, trees by paclobutrazol. Sci. Hort. 28:347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(86)90109-3
  9. Kondo S., R. Katayama, and K. Uchino. 2005. Antioxidant activity in meiwa kumquat as affected by environmental and growing factors. Environ. Exp. Bot. 54:60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.06.001
  10. Lai, Y.T. and I.Z. Chen. 2007. Effect of heavy pruning on calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) flower bud formation and flowering. J. Taiwan Soc. Hort. Sci. 55:185-194.
  11. Lai, Y.T. and I.Z. Chen. 2008. Effect of temperature on calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) flowering and flower bud formation. Acta Hort. 773:111-116.
  12. Manner, H.I., R.S. Buker, V.E. Smith, and C.R. Elevitch. 2006. Citrus species (citrus), ver. 2.1. In: C.R. Elevitch. (ed.). Species profiles for Pacific island agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii. http://www.traditionaltree.org.
  13. Monselise, S.P. 1985. Citrus and related genera, Vol. 2, p. 275-294. In: A.H. Halevy (ed.). Handbook of flowering. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
  14. Moss, G.I. 1969. Influence of temperature and photoperiod on flower induction and inflorescence development in sweet orange (Citrus sinesis L. Osbeck). J. Hort. Sci. 44:311-320.
  15. Nebauer, S.G., C. Avila, A. García-Luis, and J.L. Guardiola. 2006. Seasonal variation in the competence of the buds of three cultivars from different citrus species to flower. Trees 20: 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-006-0066-2
  16. Reuther, W., E.M. Nauer, and L. Summers. 1973. Effects of seasonal temperature regimes on development and maturation of citrus fruits. Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture 3:63-71.
  17. Southwick, S.M. and T.L. Davenport. 1986. Characterization of water stress and low temperature effects of flower induction in citrus. Tree Physiol. 81:26-29.
  18. Spiegel-Roy P. and E.E. Goldschmidt. 1996. The vegetative citrus trees: Development and function, p. 47-69. In: Biology of citrus. Cambridge University Press, NY, USA.
  19. Valiente, J.I. and L.G. Albrigo. 2004. Flower bud induction of sweet orange trees (Citrus sinesis (L.) Osbeck): Effect of low temperatures, crop load, and bud age. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 129:158-164.
  20. Ying, S.S. 1998. Coloured Illustrated Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 6. Shao-Shun Ying Publish, Taipei, Taiwan. p. 65-135.

Cited by

  1. Citrus flush shoot ontogeny modulates biotic potential of Diaphorina citri vol.13, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190563
  2. Temperature Effects on Fruit Development and Quality Performance of Nagami Kumquat (Fortunella margarita [Lour.] Swingle) vol.89, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.utd-120