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Effect of Korean Fermented Food Extracts and Bacteria Isolated from the Extracts for the Control of Rice Seed-borne Fungal Diseases

국산 발효식품 추출물과 발효식품유래 미생물을 활용한 벼 종자전염성 진균병 방제

  • Kim, Yong-Ki (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Jun (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Shim, Chang-Ki (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Min-Jeong (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Min-Ho (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Park, Jong-Ho (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Han, Eun-Jung (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Jung (Climate Change and Agroecology Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Bae, Soo-Il (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jee, Hyeong-Jin (Organic Agriculture Div., Department of Agricultural Environment, NAAS, RDA)
  • 김용기 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 홍성준 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 심창기 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 김민정 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 이민호 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 박종호 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 한은정 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 최은정 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 배수일 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 지형진 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과)
  • Received : 2014.10.29
  • Accepted : 2014.11.26
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

When we investigated seed infestation by fungal pathogens from 51 varieties in 9 crops, the contamination rate of rice and sesame seeds was high. Therefore, to control seed-borne diseases, we obtained extracts from commercial products of Kimchi, Gochujang, Doenjang, Ganjang, Makgeolli and Tohajut and their suppressive effects against seed-borne diseases were studied. In addition, bacterial strains were screened to control rice seed-borne diseases in vitro and in vivo. Among forty food extracts, eleven food-extracts suppressed incidence of seedling rots in vitro and five food extracts increased 8-33% of healthy seedling in the greenhouse. Among 218 isolates from 40 fermented foods, 43 isolates showed high antifungal activity against seven fungal pathogens. When we tested 43 isolates for the reduction of rice seed borne disease, 32 isolates were able to reduce the rice seed borne disease. Among 32 isolates, 17 isolates reduced significantly seedling rot and increased healthy seedlings, the other isolates except for Kc4-2 and Mkl 2-2 increased shoot emergence and the percentage of healthy plants. Thirty isolates with high antifungal activity and suppressive effect against rice seedling rots were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Twenty one of thirty isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. Three isolates from Makgeolli were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. B. amyloliquifaciens were isolated from six Korean traditional fermented foods except for Ganjang. B. amyloliquifaciens were majority in the effective bacterial population of Gochujang and Jutgal. Relatively diverse Bacillus species including B. subtilis, B. pumilus, and B. amyloliquificiens were isolated from Kimchi. The selected effective microorganisms from Korean fermented foods founded to be effective for controlling seed-borne diseases of rice in vitro and in the greenhouse. We think that Korean fermented foods and their useful microorganisms can be used as biocontrol agents for suppressing rice seed-borne diseases based on above described results.

국내산 9개 작물 51품종의 종자를 수집하여 종자오염 실태 및 발아율을 조사한 결과, 참깨와 벼 종자의 오 염이 심한 것으로 나타났다. 벼 종자전염성 병해를 방제하기 위하여 다양한 유용미생물을 함유하는 김치, 고추장, 된 장, 간장, 막걸리 및 토하젓을 채집하여 식품 추출물 조제하고 종자전염성병원균에 대한 억제효과를 조사하였다. 추 가로 식품유래 미생물의 벼 종자전염성 병해 억제효과를 in vitro 및 in vivo 조건하에서 조사하였다. 40개 식품추출 물 중 11개 식품추출물을 샤레 상에 처리하였을 때 유묘썩음증상을 50~79%까지 감소시켰고, 5개 식품추출물 처리 는 온실조건에서 건전묘율을 8~33% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 발효식품 40제품으로부터 얻은 218종의 발효미생 물 중 43균주는 7종의 종자전염성 병원균에 대하여 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 선발된 43균주의 종자소독효과를 검정 한 결과, 32균주가 병 억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 32균주 중 17균주는 모썩음증상을 유의성 있게 감소시켜 건전주율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 15균주도 Kc 4-2와 Mkl 2-2균주를 제외하고는 지상부 출현율 및 건전묘율을 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 16S r-DNA region의 염기서열분석을 통해 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 항균활 성 및 종자소독 효과를 보인 식품유래 유용미생물 30종에 대한 동정을 수행하였다. 그 중 21균주는 Bacillus 속 세균 으로, 막걸리로부터 분리된 3균주는 Saccharomyces 속 효모로 동정되었다. B. amyloliquifaciens는 간장을 제외한 6 개 식품에서 분리되었으며, 고추장 및 젓갈에서 분리된 우수 항균활성 보유균주는 대부분 B. amyloliquifaciens인 것 으로 나타났다. 김치에서는 B. subtilis, B. pumilus 및 B. amyloliquificiens 등 다양한 Bacillus 속 세균이 분리되었다. 이상의 선발된 발효식품유래 유용미생물은 in vitro와 온실조건에서 종자전염성병 방제에 있어서 효과적인 것으로 확 인되었다. 이상의 결과를 근거로 국내산 발효식품 추출물 및 발효식품 유래 미생물은 벼 종자소독용 방제제로서 사 용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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