DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reducing Phytotoxic by Adjusted pH and Control effect of Loess-Sulfur Complex as Organic Farming Material against Powdery Mildew in Tomato

유기농자재인 황토유황합제의 약해 경감 및 흰가루병 방제효과

  • Shim, Chang-Ki (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Min-Jeong (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Ki (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Sung-Jun (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Suk-Chul (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 심창기 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 김민정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 김용기 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 홍성준 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 김석철 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과)
  • Received : 2014.10.20
  • Accepted : 2014.11.19
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

The soluble loess-sulfur mixture allowed standing to remove insoluble component materials for five weeks after manufacturing. We decreased the pH level of soluble loess-sulfur mixture at pH 1.0 modified with decreasing 25% sodium hydroxide than original content. The pH ranges of soluble loess-sulfur mixture solutions were adjusted to pH 5.0-pH 11.0 (pH 1 unit) with brown rice vinegar (pH 2.8). The pH of original loess-sulfur mixture was about pH 13 and damaged the foliar parts and young leaves of tomato after twice application. These stock solutions can be diluted 500:1 with tap water to make a 0.05% working solution and were sprayed two times with 7 days interval to the leaf and stem of tomato, which were spontaneously infected with E. cichoracearum. Control efficacy of powdery mildew ranged from 85% to 90% at 7 days after first application. After second application, each loess-sulfur mixture solutions adjusted pH level significantly suppressed the powdery mildew disease in tomato. Consequently, loess-sulfur complex adjusted pH level with brown rice vinegar was suggested to be low in acute toxicity at all different pH values and suggested to use an agent for control of tomato powdery mildew in organic farming.

황토유황합제 제조 5주 후 녹지 않은 잔재물을 제외하고 수용성 황토유황합제만 준비하였다. 황토유황합제 제조시 가성소당를 원래 양보다 25% 감량하여 황토유황합제의 pH를 pH 1 낮추었다. 현미식초(pH 2.8)을 이용하여 황토유황합제의 pH 수준을 pH 5.0에서11.0까지 현미식초(pH 2.8)를 이용하여 pH를 1씩 조절하였다. 황토유황합제 원액의 pH는 13으로 토마토에 살포하였을 때 신초와 꽃눈에 약해를 주었다. pH가 조정된 0.05% 황토유황합제를 E. cichoracearum에 의해 흰가루병이 발생한 토마토에 7일간격으로 2회 살포하였다. pH가 조정된 황토유황합제를 1회 살포하고 7일 후 토마토의 흰가루병이 70~95% 방제되었다. 두 번째 살포 후 토마토 흰가루병이 확연하게 방제되었다. 결론적으로 pH를 조정한 황토유황합제는 토마토에 약해를 보이지 않으며, 유기농업에서 토마토 흰가루병 방제용 자재로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Agrios, G. N. (2005) Plant Pathology. Academic Press.
  2. Ahn, I. (2010) Setting of evaluation criteria for safety management of organic farming materials in the major OECD nations. Rural Development Administration (RDA) annual report. Korea.
  3. Bolda, M. P., L. Tourte, K. M. Klonsky and J. E. Bervejillo (2003) Sample Costs to Produce Organic Strawberries: Central Coast, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, University of California Cooperative Extension, ST-CC-03-01.
  4. Bouchard, R. and H. R. Conrad (1973) Sulphur requirement of lactating dairy cows. II. Utilization of sulphates, molasses and lingnin-sulfonate. J. Dairy Sci, 56:1429-1434. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(73)85378-0
  5. Buchanan, G. A. and T. G. Amos (1992) Grape pests. Coombe, B.G. and Dry, P.R. (Eds.), Viticulture: Volume 2 practices, Winetitles, Adelaide SA, Australia. pp. 209-231
  6. Cantonwine, E. B., A. K. Culbreath, B. B. Shew and M. A. Boudreau (2008) Efficacy of organically acceptable fungicides for management of early and late leaf spot diseases on partially resistant peanut cultivars. Plant Health Progress, doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-0317-03-RS.
  7. Coghlin, C. L. (1944) Hydrogen sulfide poisoning in cattle, Can. J. Comp. Med. 8:111-113.
  8. Daniel, C., A. Haeseli and F. Weibel (2001) The side effects of lime sulphur on predaceous arthropods, i.e. Typhlodromus pyri, and other leaf occupying arthropods. (http://www.fibl.net/archiv/pdf/daniel-et-al2001-lime-sulphur.pdf)
  9. Emmett, R. W., A. R. Harris, R. H. Taylor and J. K. McGechan (1992) Grape diseases and vineyard protection. In: B.G. Coombe, P.R. Dry (Eds.), Viticulture, Practices, vol. 2, Winetitles, Adelaide (1992), pp. 232-278
  10. Gianessi, L. P. and N. Reigner (2005) The value of fungicides in U.S. crop production. CropLife Foundation, Washington, DC (http://www.croplifefoundation.org/upload/137%20CropLife%20Foundation%20Fungicide%20Benefits.pdf).
  11. Han, S. G. (2012) The productivity and the evaluation of environmental impact with characteristics environmentally friendly agricultural materials. The thesis of Doctor's Chungnam National University.
  12. Hwang, J. H. (2009) A study on the marketing strategy of environment-frendly agricultural products. Kor. J. Organic Agr. 17:329-345.
  13. Kandylis, K. (1984) Toxicology of sulfur in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 67:2179-2187. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81564-7
  14. Kim, C. G., H. K. Jeong and D. H. Moon (2012) Production and consumption status and market prospects for environmentfriendly agri-food. Policy Research Reports P157, Korea Rural Economic Institute.
  15. Kim, D. W., H. S. Lee and C. E. Jung (2008) Toxicity of the lime sulfur as a flower thinner of apple the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. and other pollinateors, Korean J. Apiculture 23: 43-50.
  16. Kim, J. Y., Y. K. Yi and Y. H. Song (1998) Plant disease on green-house crops in Kyeongbuk areas. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 14:41-45.
  17. Kim, M. J., C. K. Shim, Y. K. Kim, J. H. Park, S. J. Hong, E. J. Han, J. C. Yun and H. J. Jee (2013) Comparison of Fruit Detachment Force and Fruit Characteristics of Organically and Conventionally Cultivated Sweet Persimmon. J. Agriculture & Life Sci. 47:69-79. https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2013.47.6.69
  18. Kim, W. S., K. W. Lee, C. G. Lee, J. J. Choi, H. D. Lee, W. M. Yoon and K. C. Kyung (2011) Effects of Sulfer Spray in Northern-type Garlic (Allium Sativum L.), Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Tchnol. 29 (suppl. I) pp.65.
  19. Lee, S. H., C. B. Kim, N. K. Park, S. D. Park and B. S. Choi (1993) Effect of sulfur on the yield and some quality of Chinese cabbage. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 26:253-258.
  20. McGrath, M. T. (2001) Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew: experience and challenges. Plant Dis. 85: 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.3.236
  21. National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) (2002) Agricultural Chemical Usage 2001 Fruit Summary. USDA, NASS, Washington DC, USA
  22. National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) (2003) Agricultural Chemical Usage 2002 Vegetables Summary. USDA, NASS, Washington DC, USA
  23. OECD (1992) OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 404. Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development: Paris.
  24. OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) (2012) OMRI Product List (web edition) (www.omri.org)
  25. Paik, M. K., C. K. Shim, J. B. Lee, J. A. Oh, M. H. Jeong, D. H. Kim, M. J. Kim, H. J. Jee, E. J. Choi and H. J. Cho (2012) Acute toxicity evaluation of loess-sulfur complex in different pH. J. of Pesticide Sci. 16:369-375. https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2012.16.4.369
  26. Tabatabai, M. A. (1986) Sulfur in agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 688.
  27. Tsao, S. M. and Yin, M. C. (2001) In vitro activity of garlic oil and four dialhyl sulphids against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. J. Antimicro Chem. 47:665-670 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/47.5.665
  28. Trapmann, M. and E. E. Drechler (2000) Die curative Wirkung von Schwefelkalk gegen Apfelschorf. Obstbau 10:559-561.
  29. Tweedy, B. G. (1981) Inorganic sulfur as a fungicide. Residue Reviews 78:43-68.
  30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1991) Reregistration Eligibility Document Facts: Sulfur. US EPA, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, (7508W), 738-F-91-110 Washington, DC.
  31. Weber, E. A., K. M. Klonsky, and R. L. DeMoura (2005) Sample Costs to Produce Organic Wine Grapes in the North Coast Region, Napa County, University of California Cooperative Extension, GR-NC-05-O.

Cited by

  1. Control Effect of Alternative Fungicide Spraying System on Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera xanthii on Greenhouse Cucumber vol.36, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2018.36.4.538
  2. 토마토 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 유기농업자재의 억제효과 vol.23, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2015.23.3.567
  3. 유기농업자재와 순지르기를 이용한 오이 노균병 방제 vol.24, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2016.24.4.919
  4. 벼 키다리병 방제에 관한 황토유황의 종자소독 효과 vol.25, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2017.25.2.345
  5. Effect of Agricultural Organic Materials Using Sulfur and Oil on Insect Control in Pepper and Tomato vol.25, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2017.25.4.737
  6. Inhibitory effects of environment-friendly materials and defense response signaling chemicals against anthracnose occurrence in Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) vol.45, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20180062
  7. Screening Resistant Cultivars Against Powdery Mildew, Phytophthora Rot, and Fusarium Wilt and Evaluation of Cooking Oil and Egg Yolk Plus and pH adjusted Loess-sulfur Mixture to Control Powdery Mildew vol.52, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2018.52.5.31
  8. Effect of Hot Water and Lime-Sulfur Mixture Treatment for Disinfection of Seeds for Organic Lettuce vol.53, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2019.53.3.27
  9. Bio-Sulfur Pre-Treatment Suppresses Anthracnose on Cucumber Leaves Inoculated with Colletotrichum orbiculare vol.47, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2019.1628522
  10. Suppression of Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri on Citrus Leaves Pretreated with Bio-sulfur vol.35, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2019.0067
  11. Research Status of Environmental Friendly Management for Korean Melon Powdery Mildew vol.24, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2020.24.2.136