Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Microbiological Features and Bioactivity of a Fermented Manure Product (Preparation 500) Used in Biodynamic Agriculture

  • Giannattasio, Matteo (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Vendramin, Elena (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Fornasier, Flavio (C.R.A.-R.P.S., Council for Research in Agriculture, Center for the Study of the Relationships between Plant and Soil) ;
  • Alberghini, Sara (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Zanardo, Marina (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Stellin, Fabio (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Concheri, Giuseppe (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Stevanato, Piergiorgio (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Ertani, Andrea (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Nardi, Serenella (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua) ;
  • Rizzi, Valeria (Parco Tecnologico Padano Foundation) ;
  • Piffanelli, Pietro (Parco Tecnologico Padano Foundation) ;
  • Spaccini, Riccardo (Department of Soil, Plant, Environment and Animal Production (DiSSPAPA), University of Naples Federico II) ;
  • Mazzei, Pierluigi (Interdepartmental Research Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (CERMANU)) ;
  • Piccolo, Alessandro (Department of Soil, Plant, Environment and Animal Production (DiSSPAPA), University of Naples Federico II) ;
  • Squartini, Andrea (Department of Agronomy, Animals, Natural Resources and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua)
  • Received : 2012.12.03
  • Accepted : 2013.01.15
  • Published : 2013.05.28
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Abstract

The fermented manure derivative known as Preparation 500 is traditionally used as a field spray in biodynamic agriculture for maintaining and increasing soil fertility. This work aimed at characterizing the product from a microbiological standpoint and at assaying its bioactive properties. The approach involved molecular taxonomical characterization of the culturable microbial community; ARISA fingerprints of the total bacteria and fungal communities; chemical elemental macronutrient analysis via a combustion analyzer; activity assays for six key enzymes; bioassays for bacterial quorum sensing and chitolipooligosaccharide production; and plant hormone-like activity. The material was found to harbor a bacterial community of $2.38{\times}10^8$ CFU/g dw dominated by Gram-positives with minor instances of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. ARISA showed a coherence of bacterial assemblages in different preparation lots of the same year in spite of geographic origin. Enzymatic activities showed elevated values of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, chitinase, and esterase. The preparation had no quorum sensing-detectable signal, and no rhizobial nod gene-inducing properties, but displayed a strong auxin-like effect on plants. Enzymatic analyses indicated a bioactive potential in the fertility and nutrient cycling contexts. The IAA activity and microbial degradation products qualify for a possible activity as soil biostimulants. Quantitative details and possible modes of action are discussed.

Keywords

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