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The Characteristics of Anatomical Structure and Fruit Quality According to Fruit Developmental Stage of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Manpungbae

'만풍배'의 생육기별 해부학적 구조와 과실품질

  • Park, Ji-Eun (The Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kwon, YongHee (The Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, ByulHaNa (The Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Park, YoSup (The Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Jung, MyungHee (The Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Ho (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Park, Hee-Seung (The Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University)
  • 박지은 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 권용희 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 이별하나 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 박요섭 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 정명희 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 최진호 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 박희승 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공)
  • Received : 2012.07.25
  • Accepted : 2013.03.25
  • Published : 2013.08.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to understand the physiological characteristics of 'Manpungbae' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pears through the seasonal changes of pericarp structure and anatomical differences between bagging and non-bagging treatment, and also fruit quality and peel coloration characteristics at the harvest time. The pericarp at full bloom was consists of outer epidermis, hypodermis, parenchyma cell, and inner epidermis from the exterior. The cell layers from the outer epidermis to vascular bundle increased rapidly 7-10 layers to 18-26 layers from full bloom (FB) to 77 days after full bloom (DAFB) and did not change significantly until maturity. Thus, the cell division period of 'Manpungbae' pear was until 77 DAFB and during this period, the thickness from hypodermis to vascular bundle increased from $73.1{\mu}m$ to $195{\mu}m$ in this period. Stone cells were formed from seven to 21 DAFB and stone cell clusters were formed around 49 DAFB. The cork cell layer was formed between 49 and 77 DAFB. 'Manpungbae' fruit pericarp was consists of 4.5 layers of the cork cell layers and seven layers of hypodermis which has the tannin at harvest time (161 DAFB). Comparison of the fruit enlargement and fruit structure development by bagging or non-bagging showed that 'Manpungbae' fruits without bagging had more than three cork cell layer than those with bagging at maturity. The size of stone cell clusters were varied in two treatments. Fruit weight was higher in the non-bagging treatment but there was no difference in soluble solid contents (SSC) between two treatments. The weight of the 'Manpunbae' fruit was distributed from 301 g to more 900 g and the average fruit weight was 677.2 g at harvest time, and fruits in the range of 551-800 g accounted for 71.6% of total production. The SSC, acidity and SSC/acidity ratio was $10.2-12.1^{\circ}Brix$, 0.10-1.24% and 9.76-14.31 respectively, and the SSC was higher in bigger fruit which had a very higher positive correlation with a fruit weight. However, the fruit firmness tended to be lower with fruit size which had a very higher negative correlation with the fruit weight and SSC. The cork cell layer numbers between yellowish brown and green pericarp were not different significantly, in 3.8 and 3.5 respectively.

본 연구는 '만풍배'의 생육단계 및 괘대 유무에 따른 과실의 해부학적 차이를 알아보고, 수확기 과실의 품질 및 착색특성 관찰을 통하여 '만풍배'의 생리적 특징을 이해하기 위하여 수행되었다. 만개기의 과실구조는 바깥쪽으로부터 외표피층, 아표피층, 유조직층, 내표피층으로 구성되어 있으며 아표피층을 이루는 세포 층수는 만개기부터 만개 후 77일까지 9-13층까지 최대로 증가하여 '만풍배'의 세포 분열 기간은 만개 후 77일까지로 조사되었다. 이 기간 동안 아표피층에서 유관속조직까지의 두께는 $73.1{\mu}m$부터 $195{\mu}m$까지 증가하였다. 석세포는 만개 후 7일부터 관찰되어 만개 후 49일에는 석세포군이 형성되어 있었다. 코르크층은 만개 후 49-77일 사이에 형성되었다. 성숙기인 만개 후 161일 '만풍배' 과실의 과피는 바깥쪽부터 코르크층은 4.5층, 아표피층은 7개의 세포층으로 구성되어 있었고 아표피층에는 탄닌이 분포해 있었다. '만풍배'의 괘대 유무에 따른 과실비대 및 조직발달을 비교한 결과, 괘대 초기에는 코르크층이 유대재배구에서 더 빨리 생겨나는 것으로 관찰되었으나 성숙기에는 3층 정도 무대재배구에서 더 두꺼워지는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 석세포군의 크기는 두 실험구 모두 불균일하게 분포되어 있었으며 과중은 무대재배구에서 더 높았으나 수확기의 당도는 괘대 유무에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. '만풍배'의 수확기 과중 등급은 301g부터 900g 이상까지 분포하였고, 그 중 551-800g의 과실이 총 수확량의 71.6%로 가장 많았으며 이 범위의 평균 과중은 677.2g이었다. 과실품질은 가용성 고형물 함량 $10.1-12.1^{\circ}Brix$, 산도 0.10-1.24%, 당산비 9.76-14.31로 분포하였으며 과중과 가용성 고형물 함량은 매우 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내어 과실 크기가 클수록 가용성 고형물 함량도 높았다. 반면에 경도는 과중 및 가용성 고형물 함량과 높은 부의 상관관계를 나타내어 과실크기가 클수록 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 과피의 황갈색 부분과 녹색 부분을 구분하여 코르크층 수와 함께 엽록소 함량을 조사한 결과, 코르크층은 황갈색 부분은 3.8층, 녹색부분은 3.5층으로 거의 차이를 보이지 않았으나 엽록소 함량은 녹색부분이 많은 것으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

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