Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics (한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지)

The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryogenics (한국초전도저온학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design of closed-loop nitrogen Joule-Thomson refrigeration cycle for 67 K with sub-atmospheric device

  • Lee, C. (Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Lee, J. (Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Jeong, S. (Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))
  • Received : 2013.02.08
  • Accepted : 2013.03.20
  • Published : 2013.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Closed-loop J-T (Joule-Thomson) refrigeration cycle is advantageous compared to common open loop $N_2$ decompression system in terms of nitrogen consumption. In this study, two closed-loop pure $N_2$ J-T refrigeration systems with sub-atmospheric device for cooling High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) power cable are investigated. J-T cooling systems include 2-stage compressor, 2-stage precooling cycle, J-T valve and a cold compressor or an auxiliary vacuum pump at the room temperature. The cold compressor and the vacuum pump are installed after the J-T valve to create sub-atmospheric condition. The temperature of 67 K is possible by lowering the pressure up to 24 kPa at the cold part. The optimized hydrocarbon mixed refrigerant (MR) J-T system is applied for precooling stage. The cold head of precooling MR J-T have the temperature from 120 K to 150 K. The various characteristics of cold compressor are invstigated and applied to design parameter of the cold compressor. The Carnot efficiency of cold compressor system is calculated as 16.7% and that of vacuum pump system as 16.4%. The efficiency difference between the cold compressor system and the vacuum pump system is due to difference of enthalpy change at cryogenic temperature, enthalpy change at room temperature and different work load at the pre-cooling cycle. The efficiency of neon-nitrogen MR J-T system is also presented for comparison with the sub-atmospheric devices. These systems have several pros and cons in comparison to typical MR J-T systems such as vacuum line maintainability, system's COP and etc. In this paper, the detailed design of the subcooled $N_2$ J-T systems are examined and some practical issues of the sub-atmospheric devices are discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. 양형석, 김동락, 손송호, 임지현, 최하옥, 이병섭, 최연석, 류희석, and 황시돌, "한전 초전도전력케이블 냉각시스템 성능시험," 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 강연 및 논문 초록집, pp. 1547-1551, 2007.
  2. Y.-H. Kim, S.-K. Lee, H.-M. Jang, Y.-W. Kim, K.-T. Lee, C.-Y. Choi, C.-H. Ryu, H.-J. Kim, S.-D. Hwang, H.-S. Yang, S.-H. Sohn, and J.-H. Lim, "The application of the cryogenic system on the HTS power cable circuit in actual grid," Cryogenics, vol. 52, pp. 661-666, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.07.006
  3. J. O. Willis, "Superconducting transmission cables," Power Engineering Review, IEEE, vol. 20, pp. 10-14, 2000.
  4. H. Yumura, Y. Ashibe, H. Itoh, M. Ohya, M. Watanabe, T. Masuda, and C. S. Weber, "Phase II of the Albany HTS Cable Project," Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp. 1698-1701, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2009.2017865
  5. T. M. Flynn, Cryogenic engineering vol. 2: Marcel Dekker New York, 2005.
  6. S. H. Sohn, J. H. Lim, S. W. Yim, O. B. Hyun, H. R. Kim, K. Yatsuka, S. Isojima, T. Masuda, M. Watanabe, H. S. Ryoo, H. S. Yang, D. L. Kim, and S. D. Hwang, "The Results of Installation and Preliminary Test of 22.9 kV, 50 MVA, 100 m Class HTS Power Cable System at KEPCO," Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 17, pp. 2043-2046, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2007.897764
  7. R. Ray, "Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 21, pp. 164-219, 2009.
  8. H. S. Yang, D. L. Kim, S. H. Sohn, J. H. Lim, Y. S. Choi, and S. D. Hwang, "Hybrid Cooling System Installation for the KEPCO HTS Power Cable," Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 20, pp. 1292-1295, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2010.2044036
  9. H.-M. Chang, C. W. Park, H. S. Yang, S. H. Sohn, J. H. Lim, S. R. Oh, and S. D. Hwang, "Thermodynamic design of 10 kW Brayton cryocooler for HTS cable," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1434, pp. 1664-1671, 2012.
  10. J. Lee, G. Hwang, S. Jeong, B. J. Park, and Y. H. Han, "Design of high efficiency mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator for cooling HTS cable," Cryogenics, vol. 51, pp. 408-414, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2011.04.007
  11. HYSYS, Users Guide. Tech. rep.: Aspen Technology Inc., 2007.
  12. Y. F. Fan, L. H. Gong, X. D. Xu, L. F. Li, L. Zhang, and L. Y. Xiao, "Cryogenic system with the sub-cooled liquid nitrogen for cooling HTS power cable," Cryogenics, vol. 45, pp. 272-276, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2004.11.002
  13. J. A. Demko, R. C. Duckworth, P. W. Fisher, M. J. Gouge, C. M. Rey, M. A. Young, D. Lindsay, M. Roden, J. Tolbert, D. Willen, C. Traeholt, and C. Thidemann, "Testing of a Liquid Nitrogen Cooled 5-meter, 3000 A Tri-Axial High Temperature Superconducting Cable System," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 823, pp. 790-797, 2006.
  14. M. Bonneton, Tavian, L, Gistau-Baguer, Guy M, Turcat, F, Viennot, P, "A High Reliability Gas-driven Helium Cryogenic Centrifugal Compressor," Adv. Cryog. Eng., A, vol. 43, pp. 643-649, 1998.
  15. P. L. A. Bezaguet , L. Tavian, "Performance assessment of industrial prototype cryogenic helium compressors for the Large Hardron Collider," Proceedings of ICEC 17, pp. 145-148, 1999.
  16. S. Hamaguchi, S. Imagawa, N. Yanagi, K. Takahata, R. Maekawa, and T. Mito, "Performance of cold compressors in a cooling system of an R&D superconducting coil cooled with subcooled helium," Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 81, pp. 2617-2621, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.07.052
  17. D.-S. Park, J.-J. Joo, K.-M. Moon, Y.-B. Chang, S.-H. Kim, Y.-M. Park, S.-W. Kwag, N.-H. Song, H.-J. Lee, H.-L. Yang, H.-K. Na, M. Kwon, N.-W. Kim, H.-S. Chang, and S.-H. Yang, "Key features of the KSTAR helium refrigeration system," Cryogenics, vol. 52, pp. 667-673, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.05.017
  18. Y. A. Cengel and M. A. Boles, Thermodynamics: an engineering approach: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006.
  19. E. W. Lemmon, M. L. Huber, and M.O.McLinden, "NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties-REFPROP," 9.0 ed. Gaithersburg, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, 2010.

Cited by

  1. Effectiveness analysis of pre-cooling methods on hydrogen liquefaction process vol.22, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9714/psac.2020.22.3.020