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Calyx Abscission in Pear (Pyrus spp.) Cultivars and Its Inheritance

배 품종별 꽃받침 탈리와 유전 양식

  • Kang, Sam-Seok (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Yoon-Kyeong (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Choi, Jang-Jeon (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Cho, Kwang-Sik (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Won, Kyeong-Ho (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Han Chan (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Yu, Duk Jun (Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee Jae (Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • 강삼석 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 김윤경 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 최장전 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 조광식 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 원경호 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 이한찬 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 유덕준 (서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 이희재 (서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2012.12.13
  • Accepted : 2013.08.19
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

During pear fruit development, calyx can abscise from fruitlet following petal fall. The calyx abscission varies with pear cultivars. The presence of calyx on pear fruit makes the fruit shape calyx end protruded. In the present study, the degrees of the calyx abscission were examined in 120 Southern-type Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), 52 Nothern-type Asian pear (P. ussuriensis), and 34 European pear (P. communis) cultivars, and its inheritance was investigated using cross combinations between the Southern-type Asian pear cultivars showing different degrees of calyx abscission. Majority of the cultivars produced < 10% or > 90% calyx-perpetual fruit, but the cultivars producing both calyx-perpetual and -deciduous fruit were in minor frequency. The cultivars producing < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit were in higher frequency in Southern-type Asian, Nothern-type Asian, and European pears in that order, while those producing calyx-perpetual fruit were in higher frequency in European, Nothern-type Asian, and Southern-type Asian pears in that order. In the cross between the parents producing < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit, most of the $F_1$ seedlings also produced < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit. In the cross between the parents producing > 90% calyx-perpetual fruit, on the contrary, most of the $F_1$ seedlings also produced > 90% calyx-perpetual fruit. When the paternal parent produced < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit, most of the $F_1$ seedlings also produced < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit regardless of the degree of calyx abscission in the maternal parent. When the cross was between the maternal parent producing < 10% calyx-perpetual fruit and the paternal parent showing different degrees of calyx abscission, the $F_1$ seedlings showed similar degrees of the calyx abscission to those in the paternal parent. These results suggest that the characteristics of the calyx abscission is influenced more greatly by the paternal parent than by the maternal parent, and the calyx abscission in Southern-type Asian pears is a qualitative trait which is governed by dominant gene(s).

배는 꽃이 진 후 꽃받침의 탈리가 품종에 따라 다르게 나타나는데 품종에 상관없이 꽃받침이 남아 있는 과실은 과정부가 비대하여 돌출하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 남방형 동양배 120품종, 북방형 동양배 52품종 및 서양배 34품종을 대상으로 꽃받침 탈리 여부에 따른 무체과 또는 유체과로의 발달 유무를 조사하고, 남방형 동양배 품종 간의 교배 조합 후대 실생의 유체과 발생률을 조사하여 꽃받침 탈리에 대한 유전 양식을 구명하고자 하였다. 일반적으로 유체과 발생률이 10% 이하이거나 유체과 발생률이 90% 이상인 품종의 비율이 무체과와 유체과가 혼재되어 발생하는 품종의 비율에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 남방형 동양배, 북방형 동양배, 서양배순으로 유체과 발생률이 10% 이하인 품종의 비율이 높은 반면 서양배, 북방형 동양배, 남방형 동양배순으로 유체과 발생률이 90% 이상인 품종의 비율이 높았다. 꽃받침의 탈리 정도가 다른 품종 간의 교배에서 양친이 모두 유체과 발생률이 10% 이하인 경우에는 대부분의 후대가 유체과 발생률이 10% 이하인 실생이었으며, 양친이 모두 유체과 발생률이 90% 이상인 경우에는 대부분의 후대가 유체과 발생률이 높은 실생이었다. 무체과 품종이 화분친인 경우에는 종자친의 유체과 정도와 상관없이 무체과인 후대가 많은 반면, 종자친이 무체과이고 화분친이 다양한 수준의 유체과 발생률을 나타낸 교배 조합의 경우에는 후대에서 무체과와 유체과 실생의 비율이 유사한 경향을 보여 꽃받침의 탈리는 종자친보다는 화분친의 특성을 더 많이 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 꽃받침의 탈리 유무는 질적 형질이며 꽃받침의 탈리층 형성을 촉진하는 유전자들이 우성으로 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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