Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

  • 제29권4호
  • /
  • Pages.249-256
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 2288-9744(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-9752(eISSN)
강원대학교 산림과학연구소 (Institute of Forest Science, kangwon National University)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Carbon Forestry: Scope and Benefit in Bangladesh

  • Rahman, Md. Siddiqur (Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong) ;
  • Akter, Salena (Department of Environment, Chittagong Division, Ministry of Environment and Forest)
  • 투고 : 2013.06.10
  • 심사 : 2013.09.24
  • 발행 : 2013.11.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The aim of the study was to reveal the scope and benefits derives from establishing carbon forests in a country like Bangladesh. Carbon forestry is the modernized forestry practice that evolves no cutting of trees or vegetation rather conserves them in the wood. Trees might be the source of carbon sink at large scale by establishing carbon forests. To find out how and in what extent forests of Bangladesh could contribute to global emission reduction, tree species of economic importance were taken into account about their carbon sequestration potential. Data source was a secondary one. Bangladesh has subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest tree species. Here trees can sequester almost 45-55 percent organic carbon in their biomass. On an average, trees in different types of stands can sequester 150-300 tC/ha. Carbon value of these forests might be 7,500-15,000 USD per hactre (assuming 50 USD per equivalent $tCO_2$). Thus, accounting tree carbon credits of total forested lands of Bangladesh, there might be a lump sum value of $1.89{\times}10^{10}-3.79{\times}10^{10}$ USD. If soil carbon is added, this amount would jump. Alternatively, there are two times higher spaces as marginal lands than this for starting carbon forestry. However, carbon forestry concept is still a theoretical conception unless otherwise their challenges are addressed and solved. Despite of this, forests of Bangladesh might be the key showcase for conserving biodiversity in association with carbon capture. Protected areas in Bangladesh are of government wealth, however, degraded and denuded waste and marginal lands might be the best fit for establishing carbon forests.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ahmed S. 2007. Germination and Initial Growth of Arjun and Sal under different temperatures. BSc thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  2. Akter S. 2009. Sketching organic carbon flow from seed to tree of Indigenous Dipterocarpaceae: Garjan, Sal and Telsur. BSc thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  3. Akter S. 2011. Generating maps of forest carbon stock for management using geographic information systems (GIS). MSc thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  4. Akter S, Rahman MS, Al-Amin M. 2013. Chittagong university campus: Rich in forest growing stock of valuable timber tree species in Bangladesh. J Forest Sci 29: 157-164. https://doi.org/10.7747/JFS.2013.29.2.157
  5. Ali ME. 2002. Transfer of Sustainable Energy Technology to Developing Countries as a Means of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission - the Case of Bangladesh: Review of Relevant Literature, Discussion Paper No. 02.08 ed. Department of Applied and International Economics, Massey University, New Zealand. pp 32.
  6. Anonymous. 1998. Greenhouse gas assessment handbook-A practical guidance document for the assessment of project-level greenhouse gas emissions. Paper No. 064, World Bank, Wshington D.C., pp 168.
  7. Ardo J, Olsson L. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration in traditional farming in Sudanese drylands. Environ Manage 33: 318-329.
  8. Baes CF, Goeller HE, Olson JS, Rotty RM. 1977. Carbon dioxide and climate: The uncontrolled experiment. Am Sci 65: 310-320.
  9. Banglapedia. 2006. National encyclopedia of Bangladesh-forest and forestry. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
  10. Bass S, Dubois O, Costa P, Pinard M, Tipper R, Wilson C. 2000. Rural livelihoods and carbon management. International Institute for Environmental and Development, London, pp 120.
  11. Banglapedia. 2006. National encyclopedia of Bangladesh-forest and forestry. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
  12. BFD. 2011. Forest Types: Village forests, Bangladesh forest department. Ministry of Environment and Forest, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
  13. Bhuiyan MGK. 2009. Initial growth performance of Swintonia floribunda species under elevated temperatures. B.Sc. Thesis, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  14. Brown S. 1996. Present and potential roles of forests in the global climate change debate. Unasylva 47: 3-10.
  15. Brown S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests : a primer. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  16. Brown S, Sathaye J, Cannel M, Kauppi P. 1996. Management of Forests for Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. In: Climate Change 1995. Impacts, Adaptions and Mitigration of Climate Change : Scientific-Technical Analyses (Watson RT, Zinyowera MC, Moss RH, eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 773-797.
  17. Brown S, Iverson LR, Prashad A, Liu D. 1993.Geographical distributions of carbon in biomass and soils of tropical Asian forests. Geoca Int 8: 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049309354429
  18. Choudhury JK, Hossain MAA. 2011. Bangladesh Forestry Outlook Study. Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study II, Working Paper No. APFSOS II/ WP/ 2011/ 33. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, pp 101.
  19. Ciesla WM. 1998. Climate change forests and forest management. FAO Forestry Paper No. 126, Delhi, India.
  20. EPRI. 1998. The Kyoto protocol: A summary of key issues. Climate Brief, CB-110723, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Stanford, CA.
  21. FAO. 2001. State of the World's Forests 2001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  22. FAO. 2007. Brief on National Forest Inventory NFI Bangladesh. Forest Resources Development Service, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. http://www.fao. org/docrep/016/ap180e/ap180e.pdf. Accessed 11 Aug 2012.
  23. FAO. 2009. State of the World's Forests 2009. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp 145.
  24. Forner C. 2005. A Short Note on the Social Side of the Modalities and Procedures for Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the CDM. In: Carbon forestry, who will benefit? : proceedings of workshop on carbon sequestration and sustainable livelihoods (Murdiyarso D, Herawati H, eds). Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor Barat, Indonesia, pp 17-25.
  25. FRA. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010: Country Reports Bangladesh. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. FRA2010/017, Rome. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/al453e/al453e.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2012.
  26. Gardner TA, Burgess ND, Aguilar-Amuchastegui N, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Clements T, Danielsen F, Ferreira J, Foden W, Kapos V, Khan SM, Leesm AC, Parry L, Roman-Cuesta RM, Schmitt CB, Strange N, Theilade I, Vieiram ICG. 2011. A framework for integrating biodiversity concerns into national REDD+ programmes. Biol Conserv doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.018
  27. GOB. 2004. Bangladesh Economic Review 2004. Ministry of Finance, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  28. Heath LS, Smith JE. 2004. Contribution of Forest Products to the Global Carbon Budget, Including Absorption and Release of Carbon (Standing Biomass, Coarse Woody Debris, Peat and Soil Carbon). In: A Supplement to the National Report on Sustainable Forests (Darr DR, ed). US Forest Service, Washington D.C., pp 1-7.
  29. Hossain MS. 2004. Estimation and comparison of sequestered organic carbon of fixed and mono plantations. BSc (Honours) thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  30. Hossain S. 2007. Study on germination, temperature effect and organic carbon stock of Bahera, Arjun and Akashmoni. BSc (Honours) thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  31. Houghton JT, Callander BA, Varney SK. 1992. Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 150.
  32. IEA Bioenergy. 2001. Greenhouse gas balances of biomass: answers to ten frequently asked questions about bioenergy, carbon sinks and their role in global climate change. IEA Bioenergy Task No. 38. Joanneum Research, Austria.
  33. IPCC. 2000. Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry: A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  34. Kennett SA. 2002. National policies for biosphere greenhouse gas management: issues and opportunities. Environ Manage 30: 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2716-5
  35. Khan MS, Alam MK. 1996. Homestead flora of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka, pp 275.
  36. Khandaker MNU. 2008. Early growth performances and organic carbon stocks of Gamar, Garjan and Teak using climate change scenarios. MS thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  37. Matthews E, Payne R, Rohweder M, Murray S. 2000. Forest ecosystems: Carbon storage and sequestration. Global Climate Change Digest 12: 19-99.
  38. McCarthy JJ. 2001. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the 3rd Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 188.
  39. Miah MD, Shin MY, Koike M. 2011. Carbon Sequestration in the Forests of Bangladesh. In: Forests to Climate Change Mitigation: Clean Development Mechanism in Bangladesh (Miah MD, Shin MY, Koike M, eds). ESE, Springer Publishing, China, pp 55-79.
  40. MoEF. 2012. Second National Communication of Bangladesh to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp 247.
  41. Mukul SA, Uddin MB, Uddin MS, Khan MASA, Marzan B. 2008. Protected areas of Bangladesh: current status and efficacy for biodiversity conservation. Proc Pakistan Acad Sci 45: 133-140.
  42. Murdiyarso D. 2005. Sustaining Local Livelihoods through Carbon Sequestration Activities: A search for practical and strategic approach. In: Carbon Forestry: Who will benefit? Proceedings of Workshop on Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Livelihoods (Murdiyarso D, Herawati H, eds). Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia, pp 1-16.
  43. Polglase P, Reeson A, Hawkins C, Paul K, Siggins A, Turner J, Crawford D, Jovanovic T, Hobbs T, Opie K, Carwardine J, Almeida A. 2011. Opportunities for carbon forestry in Australia: Economic assessment and constraints to implementation. National Research Flagships Sustainable Agriculture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Victoria, Australia, pp 24.
  44. Rahman MS. 2012. Carbon forestry: Gateway towards green economy. Green Economy: Does it Include You? Department of Environment (DoE), Chittagong Division, Ministry of Environment and Forest, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp 54-58.
  45. Rosenbaum KL, Schoene D, Mekouar A. 2004. Climate Change and the Forest Sector: Possible National and Subnational Legislation (FAO Forestry Paper 144). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
  46. Roshid HA. 2005. Floral diversity and organic carbon stock at chittagong forest division using spatial datasets. MS thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  47. Rotter J, Danish K. 2002. Forest, carbon and the Kyoto protocol's clean development mechanism. J For 98: 38-47.
  48. Schoene D. 2002. Assessing and reporting forest carbon stock changes: A concerted effort? Unasylva 53: 76-81.
  49. Sohel MSI, Rana MP, Alam M, Akhter S, Alamgir M. 2009. The carbon sequestration potential of forestry sector: bangladesh context. J For Sci 25: 157-165.
  50. Stern N. 2006. Report of the stern review: The economics of climate change. HM Treasury: London.
  51. Streatfield PK, Karar ZA. 2008. Population challenges for Bangladesh in the coming decades. J Health Popul Nutr 26: 261-272.
  52. Ullah MR. 2008. Tree composition, regeneration and initial carbon sequestration of selected trees using climate change scenarios at Tankawati. BSc (Honours) thesis. Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh, pp 1-85.
  53. UNCTAD. 2005. Statistical profile of the least developed countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, Switzerland, pp 60.
  54. UNFCCC. 2002. Report of the conference of parties on its seventh session held at Marrakesh from 29th October to 10th November 2001. Part II - Action Taken by the Conference of Parties, New York, pp 54.
  55. USAID. 2008. Integrated protected area co-management (IPAC). First Annual Work Plan, June 5, 2008 - May 31, 2009. United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington D.C., pp 32.
  56. Vine E, Sathaye J, Makundi W. 1999. Guidelines for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting, verification and certification of forestry projects for climate change mitigation. LBNL-41543, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Berkeley, CA, pp 146.
  57. Williams M. 2002. Climate change information kit. The United Nations Environment Programme and the Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCCC) and sponsored by UNEP, the UN Development Programme, the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the UN Institute for Training and Research, the World Meteorological Organization, the World Health Organization, and the UNFCCC: Geneva, Switzerland, pp 125.