Comparison of Expression Profiles between Trophozoite and Cyst of Acanthamoeba castellanii

  • Moon, Eun-Kyung (Department of Parasitology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kong, Hyun-Hee (Department of Parasitology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2012.08.09
  • Accepted : 2012.08.31
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis. Acanthamoeba exhibits life cycle consisting of trophozoite and cyst, and the cyst is highly resistant to variable antibiotics and therapeutic agents. To understand the encystation mechanism of Acanthamoeba, the expression profiles of trophozoite and cyst were compared by gene ontology (GO) analysis. Ribosomal proteins and cytoskeletal proteins were highly expressed in trophozoite. In cyst, various protease, and signal transduction - and protein turnover - related proteins were highly expressed. These results correlated with eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOG) assignment and microarray analysis of Acanthamoeba trophozoite and cyst ESTs. The information of differential expression profiles of trophozoite and cyst would provide important clues for research on encystation mechanism of cyst forming protozoa including Acanthamoeba.

Keywords

References

  1. Aksozek A, McClellan K, Howard K, Niederkorn JY, Alizadeh H. Resistance of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts to physical, chemical, and radiological conditions. J Parasitol. 2002. 88: 621-623.
  2. Chen L, Orfeo T, Gilmartin G, Bateman E. Mechanism of cyst specific protein 21 mRNA induction during Acanthamoeba differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004. 1691: 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2003.11.005
  3. Cleary MD, Singh U, Blader IJ, Brewer JL, Boothroyd JC. Toxoplasma gondii asexual development: identification of developmentally regulated genes and distinct patterns of gene expression. Eukaryot Cell. 2002. 1: 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.1.3.329-340.2002
  4. Coulon C, Collignon A, McDonnell G, Thomas V. Resistance of Acanthamoeba cysts to disinfection treatments used in health care settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2010. 48: 2689-2697. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00309-10
  5. Davids BJ, Reiner DS, Birkeland SR, Preheim SP, Cipriano MJ, McArthur AG, Gillin FD. A new family of giardial cysteine-rich non-VSP protein genes and a novel cyst protein. PLoS One. 2006. 1: e44. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000044
  6. Davis-Hayman SR, Hayman JR, Nash TE. Encystation-specific regulation of the cyst wall protein 2 gene in Giardia lamblia by multiple cis-acting elements. Int J Parasitol. 2003. 33: 1005-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00177-2
  7. Leitsch D, Kohsler M, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Deutsch A, Allmaier G, Duchene M, Walochnik J. Major role for cysteine proteases during the early phase of Acanthamoeba castellanii encystment. Eukaryot Cell. 2010. 9: 611-618. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00300-09
  8. MacFarlane RC, Shah PH, Singh U. Transcriptional profiling of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Int J Parasitol. 2005. 35: 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.02.006
  9. Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral G. Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003. 16: 273-307. Review. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.2.273-307.2003
  10. Moon EK, Chung DI, Hong YC, Ahn TI, Kong HH. Acanthamoeba castellanii: gene profile of encystation by ESTs analysis and KOG assignment. Exp Parasitol. 2008a. 119: 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2008.01.001
  11. Moon EK, Chung DI, Hong YC, Kong HH. Autophagy protein 8 mediating autophagosome in encysting Acanthamoeba. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2009. 168: 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.06.005
  12. Moon EK, Chung DI, Hong YC, Kong HH. Characterization of a serine proteinase mediating encystation of Acanthamoeba. Eukaryot Cell. 2008-b. 7: 1513-1317. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00068-08
  13. Moon EK, Chung DI, Hong Y, Kong HH. Expression levels of encystation mediating factors in fresh strain of Acanthamoeba castellanii cyst ESTs. Exp Parasitol. 2011a. 127: 811-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2011.01.003
  14. Moon EK, Kim JO, Xuan YH, Yun YS, Kang SW, Lee YS, Ahn TI, Hong YC, Chung DI, Kong HH. Construction of EST database for comparative gene studies of Acanthamoeba. Korean J Parasitol. 2009. 47: 103-107. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.103
  15. Moon EK, Xuan YH, Chung DI, Hong Y, Kong HH. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes between cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Korean J Parasitol. 2011b. 49: 341-347. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.341
  16. Song SM, Han BI, Moon EK, Lee YR, Yu HS, Jha BK, Danne DB, Kong HH, Chung DI, Hong Y. Autophagy protein 16-mediated autophagy is required for the encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2012. 183: 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.02.013
  17. Sun CH, McCaffery JM, Reiner DS, Gillin FD. Mining the Giardia lamblia genome for new cyst wall proteins. J Biol Chem. 2003. 78: 21701-21708.
  18. Touz MC, Nores MJ, Slavin I, Carmona C, Conrad JT, Mowatt MR, Nash TE, Coronel CE, Lujan HD. The activity of a developmentally regulated cysteine proteinase is required for cyst wall formation in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia. J Biol Chem. 2002. 277: 8474-8481. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110250200