Advances in environmental research

  • 제1권1호
  • /
  • Pages.83-96
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 2234-1722(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-1730(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Incorporation of water sludge, silica fume, and rice husk ash in brick making

  • 투고 : 2012.04.02
  • 심사 : 2012.04.24
  • 발행 : 2012.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The water sludge is generated from the treatment of water with alum. Disposing of sludge again to the streams raises the concentrations of aluminum oxides in water, which has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. The use of water treatment plant (WTP) sludge in manufacturing of constructional elements achieves both the economical and environmental benefits. Due to the similar mineralogical composition of clay and WTP sludge, this study investigated the complete substitution of brick clay by sludge incorporated with some of the agricultural and industrial wastes, such as rice husk ash (RHA) and silica fume (SF). Three different series of sludge to SF to RHA proportions by weight were tried, which were (25: 50: 25%), (50: 25: 25%), and (25: 25: 50%), respectively. Each brick series was fired at 900, 1000, 1100, and $1200^{\circ}C$. The physical and mechanical properties of the produced bricks were then determined and evaluated according to Egyptian Standard Specifications (E.S.S.) and compared to control clay-brick. From the obtained results, it was concluded that by operating at the temperature commonly practiced in the brick kiln, a mixture consists of 50% of sludge, 25% of SF, and 25% of RHA was the optimum materials proportions to produce brick from water sludge incorporated with SF and RHA. The produced bricks properties were obviously superior to the 100% clay control-brick and to those available in the Egyptian market.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ASTM C114-00 (2005), Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement.
  2. Belonio, A.T. (2005), Rice Husk Gas Stove Handbook, Central Philippine University, Philippines.
  3. Chiang, K.Y., Chou, P.H., Hua, C.R., Chien, K.L. and Cheeseman, C. (2009), "Lightweight bricks manufactured from water treatment sludge and rice husks", J. Hazard. Mater., 171(1-3), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.144
  4. Crisp, P.T. and Chowdhury, A.H. (2001), "Design of a low-cost purification system for the removal of arsenic from tubewell water in Bangladesh and India", BUET-UNU International Workshop on Technologies for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water, Bangladesh, May.
  5. Egyptian Standard Specifications E.S.S. 1524/1993 (1993), The Standard Specifications for Clay Bricks.
  6. Egyptian Standard Specifications E.S.S. 48,619/2003 (2003), The Standard Methods for Testing of Building Bricks, Part 1: Standard Methods for Physical Tests of Building Bricks.
  7. Farooque, K.N., Zaman, M., Halim, E., Islam, S., Hossain, M., Mollah, Y.A. and Mahmood, A.J. (2009), "Characterization and utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) from rice mill of Bangladesh", Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., 44(2), 157-162.
  8. Feenstra, L., Wolde, J.G.T. and Eenstroom, C.M. (1997), "Reusing water treatment plant sludge as secondary raw material in brick manufacturing", Proceedings of the International Conference on the Environment and Technical Implications of Construction with Alternative Materials, Houthem, June.
  9. Godbold, P., Lewin, K., Graham, A. and Barker, P. (2003), "The potential reuse of water utility products as secondary commercial materials", WRc Report No. UC 6081.
  10. Hassanain, A.M. (2008), Brick Manufacturing from Water Treatment Plant Sludge, M.Sc. Thesis, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
  11. Hegazy, B.E. (2007), "Brick making from water treatment plant sludge", J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 54(6), 599-616.
  12. Holland, T.C. (2005), Silica Fume User's Manual, Silica Fume Association, Free Highway Association, FHWA-IF-05-016, USA.
  13. Huang, C., Pan, J.R. and Liu, Y. (2005), "Mixing water treatment residual with excavation waste soil in brick and artificial aggregate making", J. Environ. Eng., 131(2), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:2(272)
  14. Huang, C., Pan, J.R., Sun, K.D. and Liaw, C.T. (2001), "Reuse of water treatment plant sludge and dam sediment in brick-making", Water Sci. Technol., 44(10), 273-277.
  15. Jauberthie, R., Rendell, F., Tamba, S. and Cisse, I. (2000), "Origin of the pozzolanic effect of rice husks", Constr. Build. Mater., 14(8), 419-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00045-3
  16. Kadri, E.H. and Duval, R. (2009), "Hydration heat kinetics of concrete with silica fume", Constr. Build. Mater., 23(11), 3388-3392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.008
  17. Lai, J.Y. and Liu, J.C. (2004), "Co-conditioning and dewatering of alum sludge and waste activated sludge", Water Sci. Technol., 50(9), 41-48.
  18. Lin, C.F., Wu, C.H. and Ho, H.M. (2006), "Recovery of municipal waste incineration bottom ash and water treatment sludge to water permeable pavement materials", Waste Manage., 26(9), 970-978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.09.014
  19. Mahvi, A.H., Maleki, A. and Eslami, A. (2004), "Potential of rice husk and rice husk ash for phenol removal in aqueous systems", Am. J. Appl. Sci., 1(4), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2004.321.326
  20. Nagar, R.M.S. (2008), "Effectiveness of Al- and Fe- based drinking water treatment residuals in remediating soil arsenic: mechanisms and implication", Ph.D. Thesis, The Graduate Faculty, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA.
  21. Neville, A.M. (1989), Properties of Concrete, 3rd Edition, Pitman Publshing, London.
  22. Prakhar, P.E. and Arup, K.S. (1998), Donnan Membrane Process: Principles & Application in Coagulant Recovery from Water Treatment Plant Residuals, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
  23. Prasad, C.S., Maiti, K.N. and Venugopal, R. (2003), "Effect of substitution of quartz by rice husk ash and silica fume on the properties of whiteware compositions", Ceram. Int., 29(8), 907-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(03)00035-X
  24. Rahman, M.A. (1987), "Properties of clay-sand-rice husk ash mixed bricks", Int. J. Cem. Comp. Lightweight Concrete, 9(2), 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0262-5075(87)90026-1
  25. Rahman, M.A. (1988), "Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Properties of Bricks Made from Fired Lateritic Soil-Clay Mix", Mater. Struct., 21(3), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473059
  26. Ramadan, M.O., Fouad, H.A. and Hassanain, A.M. (2008), "Reuse of water treatment plant sludge in brick manufacturing", J. Appl. Sci. Res., 4(10), 1223-1229.
  27. Toya, T., Nakamura, A., Kameshima, Y., Nakajima, A. and Okada, A. (2007), "Glass-ceramics prepared from sludge generated by a water purification plant", Ceram. Int., 33(4), 573-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.11.009

피인용 문헌

  1. Comparative Study of the Use of Different Biomass Bottom Ash in the Manufacture of Ceramic Bricks vol.29, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002078
  2. Properties of bricks made using fly ash, quarry dust and billet scale vol.41, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.077
  3. Treatment of the Combined Sludges of Machine Factories vol.150, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.302
  4. Characterization and pozzolanic properties of calcined alum sludge vol.61, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.10.042
  5. Using alum sludge for clay brick: an Irish investigation vol.73, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2016.1160651
  6. Exploratory study on the effect of waste rice husk and sugarcane bagasse ashes in burnt clay bricks vol.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.08.001
  7. Sludge quantification at water treatment plant and its management scenario vol.189, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6166-1
  8. Potential uses of waste sludge in concrete production vol.28, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-09-2015-0178
  9. Utilization of water treatment plant sludge in structural ceramics vol.96, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.018
  10. Synergistic recycling of calcined clayey sediments and water potabilization sludge as geopolymer precursors: Upscaling from binders to precast paving cement-free bricks vol.133, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.039
  11. Production of sustainable clay bricks using waste fly ash: Mechanical and durability properties vol.14, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.09.008
  12. Manufacturing of sustainable clay bricks: Utilization of waste sugarcane bagasse and rice husk ashes vol.120, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.084
  13. Middle Eocene clay from Goset Abu Khashier: Geological assessment and utilization with drinking water treatment sludge in brick manufacture vol.138, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.005
  14. Application of nanofiltration membrane in the recovery of aluminum from alkaline sludge solutions vol.5, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2016.5.2.141
  15. Strength properties of composite clay balls containing additives from industry wastes as new filter media in water treatment vol.8, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.6.859
  16. Synthesis and characterization of drinking water treatment plant sludge-incorporated Portland cement 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0650-0
  17. Utilization of water treatment plant sludge in structural ceramics bricks vol.118, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.09.012
  18. Influence of sludge solids content on sludge dewaterability using bioleaching vol.3, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2014.3.3.199
  19. Trace Metal Leaching from Steel Slag Used in Structural Fills vol.144, pp.12, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001980
  20. Properties of Fired Bricks Incorporating TFT-LCD Waste Glass Powder with Reservoir Sediments vol.10, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072503
  21. Heavy Metal Adsorption by Dewatered Iron-Containing Waste Sludge vol.25, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1515/eces-2018-0030
  22. Potential Peat Clay for Minerals Source Utilized as Adsorbent and Catalyst vol.280, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928004003
  23. Phosphorus recovery from sewage with a sustainable and low-cost treatment system vol.80, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.332
  24. Preparation, characterization, and physical properties of lightweight ceramics by using sewage sludge ash vol.17, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.13456
  25. Attenuation of Heavy Metals from Runoff Using Coconut Husk Adsorbent in Porous Asphalt Pavement vol.37, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.37.47
  26. Investigation of using granite sludge waste and silica fume in clay bricks at different firing temperatures vol.17, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/16874048.2021.1904549
  27. Resource-Efficient Characterisation of Pit Latrine Sludge for Use in Agriculture vol.13, pp.9, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094702
  28. Water treatment sludge in the production of red-ceramic bricks: effects on the physico-mechanical properties vol.54, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01764-0
  29. Influence of Waste Glass and Particulate Coconut Shells as Reinforcement Materials in the Production of Masonry Bricks vol.33, pp.10, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003903