Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

Korean Chemical Society (대한화학회)
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Alkali-Metal Ion Catalysis in Alkaline Ethanolysis of 2-Pyridyl Benzoate and Benzyl 2-Pyridyl Carbonate: Effect of Modification of Nonleaving Group from Benzoyl to Benzyloxycarbonyl

  • Um, Ik-Hwan (Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kang, Ji-Sun (Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Chae-Won (Department of Chemistry and Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-In (Department of Chemistry and Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University)
  • Received : 2011.11.23
  • Accepted : 2011.12.08
  • Published : 2012.02.20
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Abstract

A kinetic study is reported on nucleophilic displacement reactions of benzyl 2-pyridyl carbonate 6 with alkalimetal ethoxides, EtOM (M = Li, Na, and K), in anhydrous ethanol at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The plots of pseudo-firstorder rate constant $k_{obsd}$ vs. [EtOM] curve upward, a typical phenomenon reported previously for alkaline ethanolysis of esters in which alkali-metal ions behave as a Lewis-acid catalyst. The kobsd value for the reaction of 6 with a fixed EtOK concentration decreases rapidly upon addition of 18-crown-6-ether (18C6), a complexing agent for $K^+$ ion up to [18C6]/[EtOK] = 1.0 and then remains constant thereafter, indicating that the catalytic effect exerted by K+ ion disappears in the presence of excess 18C6. The reactivity of EtOM towards 6 increases in the order $EtO^-$ < EtOLi < EtONa < EtOK, which is contrasting to the reactivity order reported for the corresponding reactions of 2-pyridyl benzoate 4, i.e., $EtO^-$ < EtOK < EtONa < EtOLi. Besides, 6 is 1.7 and 3.5 times more reactive than 4 towards dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOK, respectively. The reactivity difference and the contrasting metal-ion selectivity are discussed in terms of electronic effects and transition-state structures.

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References

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