Physico-chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Cooked Sausage Substituted with KCl or MgCl2 for NaCl

KCl 또는 MgCl2의 NaCl 대체 소시지의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성

  • Jin, Sang-Keun (Dept. of Animal Res. Techn., Gyeongnam National Univ. of Sci. Techn.) ;
  • Kim, Il-Suk (Dept. of Animal Res. Techn., Gyeongnam National Univ. of Sci. Techn.) ;
  • Hur, In-Chul (Dept. of Animal Res. Techn., Gyeongnam National Univ. of Sci. Techn.) ;
  • Nam, Sang-Hae (Dept. of Food Sci., Gyeongnam National Univ. of Sci. Techn.) ;
  • Kang, Suk-Nam (Swine Sci. Techn. Center, Gyeongnam National Univ. of Sci. Techn.) ;
  • Shin, Daekeun (Swine Sci. Techn. Center, Gyeongnam National Univ. of Sci. Techn.)
  • 진상근 (경남과학기술대학교 동물소재공학과) ;
  • 김일석 (경남과학기술대학교 동물소재공학과) ;
  • 허인철 (경남과학기술대학교 동물소재공학과) ;
  • 남상해 (경남과학기술대학교 식품과학과) ;
  • 강석남 (경남과학기술대학교 양돈과학기술센터) ;
  • 신대근 (경남과학기술대학교 양돈과학기술센터)
  • Received : 2011.08.09
  • Accepted : 2011.10.28
  • Published : 2011.10.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate changes in physicochemical and sensory properties of cooked sausages replaced sodium chloride (NaCl) to potassium chloride (KCl) or magnesium chloride ($MgCl_2$) during storage for 30 days under $4^{\circ}C$. All sausages were prepared with different combination of salts as follow; CTL (1.5% NaCl), KCL (0.9% NaCl+0.6% KCl), MCL (0.9% NaCl+0.6% $MgCl_2$), KML (0.9% NaCl+0.3% KCl+0.3% $MgCl_2$) and PST (1.5% PanSalt). Among sausages moisture content in KML was the highest (p<0.05). Lightness and redness in CTL were lower than those of other treatments, but MCL and KML containing $MgCl_2$ showed higher CIE $L^*$ and $a^*$ values than CTL. The pH in CTL was the highest during storage, however, no significant difference was determined between two treatments, MCL and KML (p>0.05). Crude fat content and water holding capacity (WHC), hardness and cohesiveness of MCL sausages were higher than those of CTL. In sensory characteristics of cooked sausages, saltness in MCL was the lowest during 10 and 20 days of storage (p<0.05). Yellowness in PST was lower than other treatmeants. Gumminess and chewiness of texture property of sausages from MCL and KML were higher than CTL. The results indicate that the replacement of NaCl by KCl improved texture, but meat color was not improved as expected. In contrast, the replacement of NaCl by $MgCl_2$ enhanced color, texture and WHC, whereas partial replacement of NaCl by $MgCl_2$ must reduce bitter taste as compared to sausages manufactured with a NaCl only. Therefore, $MgCl_2$ may be a salt replacing NaCl in cooked pork sausages.

본 연구는 염화칼륨과 염화마그네슘의 첨가를 통한 염화나트륨의 대체가 소시지의 품질 특성에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 CTL(1.5% 염화나트륨), KCL(0.9% 염화나트륨 + 0.6% 염화칼륨), MCL(0.9% 염화나트륨 + 0.6% 염화마그네슘), KML(0.9% 염화나트륨 + 0.3% 염화칼륨 + 0.3% 염화마그네슘) 그리고 PST(1.5% Pansalt)로 처리하며 제조한 소시지를 $4^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 저장하며 분석하였다. 명도를 나타내는 CIE $L^*$과 적색도를 나타내는 CIE $a^*$는 CTL에서 유의적으로 낮았으나 $MgCl_2$를 첨가한 처리구인 MCL과 KML에서는 높은 CIE $L^*$$a^*$를 나타내었다(p<0.05). pH는 저장 기간 중 CTL에서 다소 높게 나타난 반면 $MgCl_2$를 첨가한 처리구에서는 두 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 수분함량은 저장초기 KML에서 다소 높게 나타난 반면 조지방, 보수력, 경도 그리고 응집성에서는 MCL에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 황색도를 나타내는 CIE $b^*$는 Pansalt를 첨가한 PST에서 다른 처리구들에 비해 낮게 나타났으나 검성과 씹힘성은 $MgCl_2$을 첨가한 MCL과 KML 처리구에서 다소 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서, 결과적으로 KCl을 이용한 NaCl의 일부 대체는 소시지의 조직적 측면에서는 많은 개선이 있었으나 육색에서는 다소 기대에 미치지 못하는 결과를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 NaCl을 $MgCl_2$로 대체한 소시지에서는 $MgCl_2$의 함량 조절을 통한 $MgCl_2$ 특유의 쓴맛을 개선할 수만 있다면, 기존 제품 대비 육색과 조직감이 상당히 개선되면서도 Na의 함량 또한 저감시킬 수 있는 소시지의 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단, 경남과학기술대학교

References

  1. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., Association Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  2. Binnins-Domingo, K., G. M. Chertow, P. G. Coxson, A. Moran, J. M. Lightwood, M. J. Pletcher, and L. Goldman. 2010. Projected effect of dietary salt reductions on future cardiovascular disease. New Eng. J. Med. 362: 590-599. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0907355
  3. Frederick, B. R., E. van Heugten, and M. T. See. 2004. Timing of magnesium supplementation administered through drinking water to improve fresh and stored pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 1454-1460. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8251454x
  4. Hahn, Y. S., J. Y. Oh, and Y. J. Kim. 2002. Characteristics of low-salt kimchi prepared with salt replacement during fermentation. Kor. J. FoodSci. Tech. 34: 647-651.
  5. Lawless, H. T., F. Rapacki, J. Horne, and A. Hayes. 2003. The taste of calcium and magnesium salts and anionic modifications. Meat Sci. 14: 319-325.
  6. He, F. J. and G. A. MacGregor. 2010. Reducing population salt intake worldwide: From evidence to implementation. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 52: 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2009.12.006
  7. Hetenyi, K., A. Nemeth, and B. Sevella. 2011. Role of pH-regulation in lactic acid fermentation: Second steps in a process improvement. Chem. Eng. Process. 50: 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.01.008
  8. Lee, H. C. and K. B. Chin. 2009. Effect of transglutaminase, acorn, and mungbeen powder on quality characteristics of low-fat/salt pork model sausages. Kor. J. Food Sci. Ani. Resour. 29: 374-381. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.3.374
  9. Moon, S. S., Y. T. Kim, S. K. Jin, and I. S. Kim. 2009. Effects of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate on the physic-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of sodium-reduced pork patties. Kor. J. Food Sci. Ani. Resour. 28: 567-573. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.5.567
  10. Na, B. J. and S. D. Ha. 2009. Effectiveness and safety of salt. Food Sci. and Industry. 42: 60-73.
  11. Naveena, B. M., M. Muthukumar, A. R. Sen, Y. Babji, and T. R. K. Murthy. 2006. Improvement of shelf-life of buffalo meat using lactic acid, clove oil and vitamin C during retail display. Meat Sci. 74: 409- 415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.020
  12. Park, G. B., T. S. Shin, Y. H. Kim, H. G. Lee, Y. J. Kim, and T. S. Park. 1993. Changes in pH, WHC and texture of ham cured with replaced levels of sodium chloride. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 35: 139-144.
  13. Mancini, R. A. and M. C. Hunt. 2005. Current research in meat color. Meat Sci. 71: 100-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.03.003
  14. Ripolles, S., P. C. B. Campagnol, M. Armenteros, M-C. Aristoy, and F. Toldra. 2011. Influence of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 on lipolysis and lipidoxidation in dry-cured ham. Meat Sci. 89: 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.03.021
  15. SAS. 2008. SAS/STAT Software. Release 9.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  16. Tordoff, M. G. and M. A. Sandell. 2009. Vegetable bitterness is related to calcium content. Meat Sci. 52: 498-504.
  17. 김수현. 2006. 밥상을 다시 차리자. 중앙생활사. p185.
  18. 김화중. 2005. 성공적인 삶을 위한 건강관리. 서울대학교출판부. p122.
  19. 이철호. 2008. 식품저장학. 고려대학교출판부. p19.
  20. 윤석권, 오훈일, 이형주, 문태화, 노봉수. 2002. 식품 화학. 수학사. p34.