DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

일본재첩, Corbicula japonica 아가미의 정상구조와 고염분 급성노출에 의한 조직병리학적 변화

Fine Structure and Histopathological Changes Exposed to Acute High Salinity of the Gill of Japanese Clam, Corbicula japonica

  • 박정준 (국립수산과학원 병리연구과) ;
  • 이정식 (전남대학교 수산해양대학 수산생명의학과) ;
  • 이재성 (국립수산과학원 환경연구과)
  • 투고 : 2011.01.08
  • 심사 : 2010131
  • 발행 : 2011.03.31

초록

96시간 동안 고염분에 노출시킨 일본재첩, Corbicula japonica의 $LC_{50}$은 19.550 psu였다. 0, 5, 10, 20 psu에 7일 동안 노출시킨 실험개체들은 실험종료시기에 각각 95%, 80%, 35%, 10%의 개체들이 생존하였다. 일반적인 일본재첩의 아가미는 좌 우 한 쌍으로서 내부판의 면적은 외부판보다1.37배 넓었다 (p < 0.001). 아가미의 새엽에는 그 위치에 따라 상부에 정단섬모상피세포 ($7{\mu}m$), 정단측면섬모상피세포 ($5{\mu}m$), 후정단측면섬모상피세포 ($3{\times}8{\mu}m$), 측면섬모상피세포 ($5{\mu}m$) 가 존재하고, 새엽의 중간부분에는 혈림프동을 둘러싸고 있는 혈관상피세포가 존재하며, 하부에는 새엽하부상피세포가 존재하고 있었다. 새엽의 하부에 주로 존재하는 분비세포들은 전자밀도가 낮은 섬유성의 분비과립을 가지고 있었다. 5 psu에 7일 동안 노출된 일본재첩의 아가미는 부분적인 섬모의 탈락과 glycogen 과립이 다수 관찰되었다. 10 psu에 노출된 개체들은 일부 새엽의 상피세포가 파괴되었으며, 미토콘드리아를 포함한 세포소기관 또한 파괴되었다. 섬모들은 원형질막이 팽창되었고 미세융모를 연결시키는 당질층의 파괴도 관찰되었다. 20 psu에 노출된 일본재첩의 아가미는 새엽섬모상피세포 핵비대, 세포소기관의 파괴, 세포질내 glycogen 과립의 침적과 공포형성이 관찰되었고, 50% 이상의 새엽은 새엽상피층의 탈락으로 인하여 키틴질 기둥이 모두 노출되었다. 따라서 이러한 섬모와 상피세포의 파괴는 생리활동의 장애를 유발시키고, 개체 사망의 직접적인 원인으로 작용할 것이다.

This study was performed to observe ultrastructure of the gill and to ascertain the effect of salinity on histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the gill of the Japanese clam, Corbicula japonica. Experimental period was 7 days. Experimental groups consisted of control, 5, 10, 20 psu. $LC_{50}$ (96 h.) by the probit was 19.55 psu. Mortality was significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). Inner demibranch of the gill of C. japonica was wider 1.37 times than outer demibranch (p < 0.001). The filament zone on the plica can be distinguished by the six epithelial celll cell; frontal ciliated epithelium ($7{\mu}m$), latero-frontal ciliated epithelium ($5{\mu}m$), postlatero-frontal epithelim ($3{\times}8{\mu}m$), and lateral ciliated epithelium ($5{\mu}m$) in the frontal zone, endothelial cellin the intermediate zone, and abfrontal cell in the abfrontal zone. It had one type of secretory cell that was filled with fibrous substances of low electron density. The gill of C. japonica exposed to 5 psu for 7 days was observed partially disappearance of the cilia, and glycogen granule in the filament. In the 10 psu, gill appeared partially modification of epithelial cell and destruction of the glycocalyx. Gill exposed to 20 psu was extended nuclus of the ciliated epithelial cell, destruction of the organelles, and observed glycogen granules infiltration and numerous vacuoles. Moreover, more than 50% filaments were observed that come out chitinous rod from disappearance of epithelial cell in the filament. Therefore, the destruction of the cilia and epithelial cell induce physiological activity and it may be leading directly to death.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abel, P.D. (1976) Effects of some pollutants on the filtration rate of Mytilus edulis. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 7: 228-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(76)90267-8
  2. Allen, J.A. (1962) Preliminary experiments on the feeding and excretion of bivalves using Phaeodactylum labelled with 32P. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K., 42: 609-623. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400054308
  3. Asmus, R.M. and Asmus, H. (1993) Phytoplankton-mussel bed interactions in intertidal ecosystems. In: Dame, R.F. (ed.), Bivalve filter feeders in estuarine and coastal ecosystem processes, pp. 57-84. NATO, A.S.I. Series, Vol. G33, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  4. Axiak, V. and George, J.J. (1987) Effects of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons on the gill functions and ciliary activities of a marine bivalve. Mar. Biol., 94: 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392936
  5. Beninger, P.G., Le Pennec, M. and Donval, A. (1991) Mode of particle ingestion in five species of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs. Mar. Biol., 108: 225-261.
  6. Beninger, P.G., Le Pennec, M. and Salaun, M. (1988) New observations of the gills of Placopecten magellanicus (Mollusca: Bivalvia), and implications for nutrition. Mar. Biol., 98: 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392659
  7. Beninger, P.G., Ward, J.E., MacDonald, B.A. and Thompson, R.J. (1992) Gill function and particle transport in Placopecten magellanicus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as revealed using video endoscopy. Mar. Biol., 114: 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349531
  8. Bigas, M., Durfort, M. and Poquet, M. (2001) Cytological effects of experimental exposure to Hg on the gill epithelium of the european flat oyster Ostrea edulis: ultrastructural and quantitative changes related to bioaccumulation. Tissue Cell, 33: 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1054/tice.2000.0169
  9. Bubel, A. (1989) Microstructure and function of cells; Electron micrographs of cell ultrastructure. pp. 1-271. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester.
  10. Butler, P.A. (1952) Growth and mortality rate in sibling and unrelated oyster populations. Proc. Culf Carib. Fish. Inst., 4: 71.
  11. Cranford, P.J. and Grant. J. (1990) Particle clearance and absorption of phytoplankton and detritus by the sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 137: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90064-J
  12. Dral, A.D.G. (1967) The movements of the latero-frontal cilia and the mechanism of particle retention in the mussel. Neth. J. Sea Res., 3: 391-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(67)90012-9
  13. Fiala-Medioni, A. and Métivier, C. (1986) Ultrastructure of the gill of the hydrothermal vent bivalve Calyptogena magnifica, with a discussion of its nutrition. Mar. Biol., 90: 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569130
  14. Fiala-Medioni, A., Metivier, C., Herry, A. and Le Penec, M. (1986) Ultrastructure of the gill of the hydrothermal-vent mytilid Bathymodiolus sp. Mar. Biol., 92: 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392747
  15. Foster-Smith, R.L. (1975) The effect of concentration of suspension on the filtration rates and pseudofaecal production on Mytilus edulis (L.), Cerastoderma edule (L.) and Venerupis pullastra (Montagu). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 17: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(75)90075-1
  16. Gauthier-Clerc, S., Pellerin J., Blaise C. and Gagné, F. (2002) Delayed gametogenesis of Mya arenaria in the Saguenay fjord (Canada): a consequence of endocrine disruptors? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 131: 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00485-8
  17. Gerdes, D. (1983) The Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Part I. Feeding behaviour of larvae and adults. Aquaculture, 31: 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90313-7
  18. Ghadially, F.N. (1997) Ultrastructural pathology of the cell and matrix (4th edition). pp. 1-1414. A Hoder Arnold Publication, Boston.
  19. Gosling, E.M. (2003) Circulation, respiration, excretion and osmoregulation. In: Bivalve Molluscs; biology, ecology and culture. pp. 201-224. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
  20. Gregory, M.A., George, R.C., Marshall, D.J., Anandraj, A. and Mcclurg, T.P. (1999) The effects of mercury exposure on the surface morphology of gill filaments in Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 39: 116-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00119-8
  21. Griffiths, R.J. (1980) Filtration, oxygen consumption and assimilation in the black mussel Choromytilus meridionalis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 3: 63-70. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps003063
  22. Grizzle, R.E., Bricelj, V.M. and Shumway, S.E. (2001) Physiological ecology of Mercenaria mercenaria In: Kraeuter, J.N. and Castagna, M. (eds.), Biology of the hard clam. pp. 305-382. Elsevier, New York.
  23. Hinch, S.G. and Stephenson, L.A. (1987) Size-and age-specific patterns of trace metal concentrations on fresh water clams from on acid-sensitive and a circumneutral lake. Can. J. Zool., 65: 2436-2442. https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-368
  24. Jorgensen, C.B. (1981) A hydromechanical principle for particle retention in Mytilus edulis and other ciliary suspension feeders. Mar. Biol., 61: 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401566
  25. Ju, S.M., Park, J.J. and Lee, J.S. (2009) Induction of intersex and masculinization of the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae) by zinc. Animal Cell. Sys., 13: 339-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2009.9647227
  26. Kimbrough, K.L., Johnson, W.E., Lauenstein, G.G., Christensen, J.D. and Apeti, D.A. (2008) An Assessment of Two Decades of Contaminant Monitoring in the Nation's Coastal Zone. Silver Spring, MD. pp. 1-105. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 74.
  27. MacGinitie, G.E. (1941) On the method of feeding of four pelecypods. Biol. Bull. Woods Hole., 80: 18-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/1537703
  28. Mohlenberg, F and Riisgard, H.U. (1978) Efficiency of particle retention in 13 species of suspension feeding bivalves. Ophelia, 17: 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1978.10425487
  29. Moore, H.J. (1971) The structure of the latero-frontal cirri on the gills of certain lamellibranch molluscs and their role in suspention feeding. Mar. Biol., 54: 1473-147.
  30. Morton, B.S. (1983) The biology and functional morphology of the weisted ark Trisidos semitorta (Bicalvia: Arcacea) with a discussion on shell "torsion" in the genus. Malacologia, 23: 375-396.
  31. NSTF (1990). North Sea Task Force Monitoring Master Plan. North Sea Environment report No 3. North Sea Task Force/Oslo and Paris Comrnissions/ICES, London
  32. Owen, G. (1974) Studies on the gill of Mytilus edulis: the eu-latero-frontal cilia. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B, 187: 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1974.0062
  33. Palmer, R.E. (1980) Behavioral and rhythmic aspects of filtration in the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say), and the oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 45: 273-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(80)90062-3
  34. Quinn, B., Gagne, F., Costello, M., McKenzie, C., Wilson, J. and Mothersill, C. (2004) The endocrine disrupting effect of municipal effluent on the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Aquat. Toxicol., 66: 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.10.007
  35. Rasmussen, L.P.D., Hage, E. and Karlog, O. (1983) Light and electron microscopic studies of the acute and chronic toxic effects of N-nitoroso compounds on the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis (L). II. N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrodoguanidine. Aquat. Toxicol., 3: 01-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(83)90002-4
  36. Regoli, F. and Orlando, E. (1994.) Accumulation and subcelluar distribution of metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis during a field transplant experiment. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 28(10): 592-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)90360-3
  37. Schulte, E.H. (1975) Influence of algal concentration and temperature on the filtration rate of Mytilus edulis. Mar. Biol., 30: 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390638
  38. SETAC. (1992) Biomarkers: biochemical physiological and histological markers of anthropogenic stress. In: Hugget, R.J., Kimerle, R.A., Mehrle, P.M., Bergman, H.L. (eds.), pp. 1-347. SETAC Special Publication Series. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
  39. Shumway, S.E., Cucci, T.L., Newell, R.C. and Yentsch, C.M. (1985) Particle selection, ingestion, and absorption in filter-feeding bivalves. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 91: 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90222-9
  40. Sunila, I. and Lindstrom, R. (1985) Survival, Growth and shell deformities of copper-and cadmium-exposed mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) in Brackish water. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 21: 555-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90056-3
  41. Sze, P.W.C. and Lee, S.Y. (2000) Effects of chronic copper exposure on the green mussel Perna viridis. Mar. Biol., 137: 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270000350
  42. Tammes, P.N.L. and Dral, A.D.G. (1955) Observations on the straining of suspensions by mussels. Arch. Neerl. Zool., 11: 87-112.
  43. UN (1999). United Nations environment programme. Report of the fifth meeting of the conference of the parties to the basel, 6-10 December, pp. 1-111.
  44. Ward, J.E., MacDonald, B.A., Thompson, R.J. and Beninger, P.G. (1993) Mechanisms of suspension feeding in bivalves: resolution of current controversies by means of endoscopy. Limnol. Oceanogr., 38: 265-272. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.2.0265
  45. Winter, J.E. (1978) A review on the knowledge of suspension-feeding in lamellibranchiate bivalves, with special reference to artificial aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 13: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(78)90124-2

피인용 문헌

  1. Recovery Rate and Histological Changes in the Gills of Juvenile Abalone Haliotis discus hannai by Exposure Time of Different Water Temperatures and Salinities vol.29, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9710/kjm.2013.29.3.225