• Title/Summary/Keyword: acute salinity

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Effects of Acute Change of Salinity on Physiological Response and Survival in Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Chrysops male X Msaxatilis female) (빠른 염분변화가 Striped bass 잡종 (Morone Chrysops male X Msaxatilis female)의 생리적 반응과 생존에 미치는 영향)

  • LIM Han Kyu;LEE Jong Ha;JEONG Min Han;HAN Hyoung-Kyun;LIM Young Soo;LEE Jeong-Ho;LEE Byung-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2004
  • Physiological responses and tolerance limit of hybrid striped bass $(Morone\;Chrysops\;male{\times}\;M.\;saxatilis\;female),$ were investigated on salinity changes from 33 psu to 0 psu and from 0 to psu 33 psu in two separate trials, respectively. In the acute salinity decrease from sea water (33 psu) to fresh water (0 psu), plasma level of cortisol, glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not affected, however, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ and osmolality significantly decreased. In the acute salinity increase from fresh water to sea water (33 psu), plasma cortisol level did not change. Glucose and total protein concentrations in plasma and hematocrit (Hct) decreased, whereas AST, ALT, $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ and osmolality increased. The hybrid striped bass can overcome the acute changes of salinity, from 0 psu to 33 psu or from 33 psu to 0 psu, But salinity decrease stressed the fish much more than salinity increase.

Plasma Stress Responses in Juvenile Red-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus akaara) exposed to Abrupt Salinity Decrease

  • Lee, Jang-Won;Kim, Hyung Bae;Baek, Hea Ja
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 2016
  • The objective of the current study was to determine acute plasma stress responses in two size groups of juvenile Epinephelus akaara (average body weight: $8.4{\pm}2.1$ and $3.3{\pm}0.6g$; 150 and 120 days after hatch, respectively) exposed to abrupt salinity drops (from 34 practical salinity unit, PSU seawater to 18, 10 PSU (experiment 1) or 26, 18, 10 PSU (experiment 2), respectively). Plasma glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, red blood cell counts, and gill histology were determined during 72 h exposure. Significantly increased plasma glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase levels, and red blood cell counts were observed in fish exposed to 18 or 10 PSU. Histological changes, such as hyperplasia and lifting of epithelium in the gill secondary lamellae, were also observed in fish exposed to 18 or 10 PSU at 72 h post-drop. E. akaara exposed to sudden salinity drops to 18 or 10 PSU still seems to undergo the primary adjustment phase before fish reaches a new homeostasis, whereas fish exposed to 26 PSU seems to mount osmotic changes. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect levels for 72 h acute salinity challenge was 26 PSU in our study, and salinity drop to 18 PSU and below can possibly cause acute adverse effect, in which fish could be vulnerable to additional stresses such as a temperature changes or handling stress.

Effect of Salinity Change on Physiological Response and Growth of yearling Sea Bass, Lateolabrax japonicus (염분 변화에 따른 농어, Lateolabrax japonicus 유어의 생리 반응과 성장 차이)

  • 한형균;강덕영;전창영;장영진
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2003
  • Two experiments were conducted for the physiological and growth responses of yearling sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus (total length 24.4$\pm$1.5 cm, body weight 125.4$\pm$25.4 g) by the manipulation of salinity. To study the physiological responses of the sea bass by acute salinity change, we changed water salinity from 30 ppt into 2 ppt in rearing tank through 1 hour or 6 hour. To access the effect of salinity in the growth of sea bass, we also examined the growth of the sea bass in 2, 10, 20 and 30 ppt for 180 days. After salinity change, all yearlings appeared some stress response and ions changes in blood. The yearlings showed a slow recovery by an acute salinity exchange, but a fast recovery by slow salinity exchange. In the study about the influence of salinity in growth, although the food intake of yearlings in 20 ppt was significantly higher than the yearling in the other salinities, feed efficiency was higher in 10 ppt than the other salinities. However, the food intake and the feed efficiency in 2 ppt were significantly lower than in other groups. The growth of yearlings was significantly faster in 20 ppt than in the other salinities, but the growth showed significantly slower in 2 ppt than in the other salinities.

Comparative Study on Acute Toxicity of Treated Effluent Containing Salt using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri (염 함유 폐수처리수에 대한 Daphnia magna 및 Vibrio fischeri 급성독성 비교연구)

  • Kim, Jongmin;Shin, Kisik;Yu, Soonju;Lee, Jungseo;Kim, Woongki
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.453-459
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    • 2015
  • This paper aims to evaluate the results of acute toxicity testing with Daphnia mag$Na^+$ and Vibrio fischeri and characteristics of ionic substance of treated effluent which contained salt. Acute toxicity with Daphnia mag$Na^+$ and Vibrio fischeri and salinity of 19 samples (4 business categories) were a$Na^+$lysed. Salinity of effluent could explain the fluctuation of toxicity with D. mag$Na^+$ about 66% ~ 91% ($r^2=0.66{\sim}0.91$). The results of acute toxicity testing with V. fischeri of treated effluent (aggregate manufacture facilities) did not indicate toxicity (TU = 0), whereas that of chemical manufacture facilities indicated toxicity. V. fischeri, a candidate test organism, seemed suitable test organism for acute toxicity testing of effluent except high salinity (above 65‰ ~ 70‰) in aggregate manufacture facilities (nonmetalic minerals facilities). The performance of ion composition about treated effluent of surveyed facilities indicated that ion concentration of $Na^+$ (5,740 mg/L) and $Cl^-$ (9,727 mg/L) showed high level among 6 major ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $Cl^-$) in effluent of nonmetalic minerals facilities. In addition, Clion seemed to influence the D. magna survival rather than $Na^+$ ion.

Evaluation of the Effect of High Salinity RO Concentrate on the Microbial Acclimation/Cultivation Characteristics in Biological Wastewater Treatment Process (RO 농축수내 고농도 염분이 생물학적 폐수처리공정내 미생물 순응/배양에 미치는 영향평가)

  • Kim, Youn-Kwon;Kang, Suk-Hyung
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.707-713
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    • 2012
  • There are a lot of parameters affecting microbial acclimation/cultivation characteristics such as dynamic conditions, F/M ratio and substrate affinity. From the process control point of view, the effect of high salinity on the removal efficiencies of BOD and SS have been documented by few researchers. In this research, lab-scale CAS(Conventional Activated Sludge) process and modified $A_2O$(Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic) process were operated and monitored to evaluate the characteristics of microbial acclimation and cultivation under high salinity wastewater during the period of three weeks. As a result of acute microbial activity test(6hr) at various $Cl^-$ concentration, the appropriate $Cl^-$ concentration for microbial growth and acclimation ranged under 3,100 mg/l. As a result of acclimation/cultivation test, the trend of COD removal efficiency reduced gradually as time elapsed. It is considered that $NH_4$-N removal phenomenon of the conventional pollutants removal mechanisms gave little effect to the microbial acclimation/cultivation under high salinity wastewater.

Changing Salinity Affects Hematological and Histological Response in Hybrids and Hybrid Triploids between River Puffer, Takifugu obscurus and Tiger Puffer, T. rubripes

  • Park, In-Seok;Gil, Hyun Woo;Oh, Ji Su
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.239-253
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    • 2019
  • We investigated the physiological responses of the river puffer, Takifugu obscurus, the tiger puffer, T. rubripes, a hybrids of the two (river puffer${\times}$tiger puffer) and a hybrid triploids to acute changes of salinity from 30 psu to 0 psu and from 0 psu to 30 psu. The blood and plasma factors of each species were elevated for 48, 72, or 96 hrs, and thereafter decreased due to hyper-osmoregulation and hypo-osmoregulation. In hyper-osmoregulation and hypo-osmoregulation, the cortisol concentration of river puffer, hybrids, hybrid triploids and tiger puffer increased for 12 or 48 hrs, and decreased thereafter. Chloride cells in the gill filaments of each species increased with increasing salinity, and melano-macrophages in the kidney tissue of each species increased with decreasing salinity. In conclusion, the hematological and stress responses of the hybrids were between those of the river puffer and tiger puffer, and the hematological responses of the hybrid triploids were higher than those of the other groups. The stress response of the hybrids was more sensitive than that of the hybrid triploids. In all groups, the histological responses of kidney in hyper-osmoregulation were more sensitive than those in hypo-osmoregulation.

Tolerance Capacity to Salinity Changes in Adult and Larva of Oryzias dancena, a Euryhaline Medaka (광염성 송사리 Oryzias dancena 성체 및 자어의 염분도 변화에 대한 내성)

  • Cho, Young-Sun;Lee, Sang-Yoon;Kim, Dong-Soo;Nam, Yoon-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2010
  • Osmoregulatory capabilities of a euryhaline medaka, Oryzias dancena (Beloniformes; Teleostei), was examined with a particular emphasis on adult and larval viability during direct salinity changes. O. dancena adults were highly capable for hyper-osmoregulation as well as hypo-osmoregulation, as evidenced by no adverse effect on their viability during the direct transfer either from complete freshwater ($0^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$) to $40^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$ salinity, or from $70^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$ to $0^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. Furthermore, the phased increase of external salinity with acclimation periods allowed them to survive at a salinity as high as $75^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. However, tolerant capability to acute salinity increase in early larval stage was much less than in adult stage, based on the finding that the tolerance range of salinity increase was only $15^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$ from freshwater, indicating that the hyper-osmoregulation system might not be fully developed in the early larval stage. On the contrary, the hypoosmoregulation system could be more solidified in O. dancena larvae, as evidenced by their good survival even after direct transfer from $45^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$ to $0^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. Knowledge achieved in this study could form the basis for a wide scope of researches including ecotoxicogenomics and geneexpression assay using this model species.

Larval Development of llyoplu dentimerosa Shen, 1932 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocvpodidae) Reared in the Laboratory (실험실에서 사육된 털콩게 Ilyoplax dentimerosa Shen, 1932의 유생발생)

  • 고현숙;김창현
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 1991
  • Larvae of Ilyoplax dentimerosa Shen, 1932 were reared in the laboratory at $25^{\circ}C$ and 33.3%o salinity. Four zoeal stages were recognized in the lanral development, and these are described and illustrated. The first soeae of 1. dentimerosa are distinguished from other llyoplax zoeae by having minute spicules on the rostral and dorsal carapace spines, a short dorsal carapace spine about half of the carapace length, a conspicuous antennal exopodite with a subterminal sutta and acute spines on the postero-lateral border of the fourth abdominal somite.

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Influence of Low Salinity and Cold Water Temperature on the Hatching, Survival and Growth of the Offspring of Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens (동갈돗돔, Hapalogenys nitens 난과 자치어의 생존 및 성장에 미치는 저염분 및 저수온의 영향)

  • Kang, Hee-Woong;Jun, Je-Cheon;Kang, Duk-Young;Jo, Ki-Che;Choi, Ki-Ho;Kim, Gyu-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.158-166
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    • 2009
  • To obtain the fundamental data for the mass seedling production of grunt, Hapalogenys nitens, we investigated the influence of salinity and cold water temperature on hatching and survival of eggs and growth and survival of larvae and fry. In regards to salinity, we surveyed the hatching rate and floating rate of fertilized eggs, the floating rate and survival rate of hatching larvae, and the survival and growth of fry. In respect to cold temperature, we investigated the influence of degree of daily temperature decrease, acute temperature shock, and slow temperature decreases on the survival, feeding and swimming activities of fry. In the salinity experiment, the hatching and floating rates of fertilized eggs, and the floating and survival rates of hatching larvae, were shown to be higher in seawater than in brackish water. Growth and survival of larvae and fry were not different between seawater (25~32 psu) and brackish water (5~20 psu), but were significantly lower in freshwater. In the cold-temperature test, three tests showed that rearing of fry in cold water and acutely decreasing water temperature to less than $10^{\circ}C$ reduced the survival, feeding and swimming activities of the fry. Therefore, we concluded that low salinity (less than 32 psu) could reduce the hatching rate and survival of eggs, but the growth and survival of fry were not influenced by salinity, and cold water (less than $10^{\circ}C$) decreased metabolism of grunt. During winter, we found a low-temperature limit at $8^{\circ}C$.

Acute Toxicity of Various Heavy Metals on Mysid, Neomysis japonica (곤쟁이, Neomysis japonica에 대한 여러 가지 중금속의 급성독성)

  • Min, Eun-Young;Kim, Young-Sug;Kim, Seong-Soo;Kim, Seong-Gil;Hwang, Un-Gi;Kang, Ju-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.628-632
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    • 2009
  • In order to estimate acute toxicity of various heavy metals on mysid, Neomysis japonica, the experiments were conducted by renewal bioassay method at $20\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ and $30\pm0.3$ psu salinity. The 96 hr $LC_{50}$ of Neomysis japonica exposed to cadmium, copper, zinc, arsenic, lead and chromium were $90.4\;{\mu}g/L$, $82.3\;{\mu}g/L$, $646.1\;{\mu}g/L$, $1488.5\;{\mu}g/L$, $1758.8\;{\mu}g/L$ and $1609.6\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively, and were ranked in order of toxicity: copper > cadmium > zinc > arsenic > chromium > lead.