Membrane and Water Treatment

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Utilization improvement of PDMS and fluoropolymers by mutual application

  • Sihn, Youngho (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Woojin (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2010.01.27
  • Accepted : 2010.09.09
  • Published : 2011.01.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated about the utilization improvement of the PDMS and fluoropolymers by mutual application in environmental analysis. We were conducted the direct fluorination with mild condition on the PDMS films and analyzed its surfaces before and after fluorination. The results of FTIR and SEM analysis on the PDMS films showed that the film surfaces were fluorinated without irreversible deformation by the fluorination. During the fluorination, the measured contact angles of water and several alcohols on the PDMS films decreased with time and that of most alcohols decreased to 0 after 30 minutes. The surface energy of fluorinated PDMS films has increased by 2 times. Also, we investigated the influence factors on the change of permeation rate of water through PDMS tubes with time. It was observed that the change of permeation rate of water through PDMS tube was affected by temperature, water phase and spatial distribution of water. From these results, we could verify the principal causes of the decrease of permeation rate of water through PDMS tube with time and proposed a new experimental setup for reducing the variation of permeation rate of water less than 2%.

Keywords

References

  1. Adcock, J.L., Hudlicky, M.H. and Pavlath, A.E. (1995), "Chemistry of organic fluorine compounds II", Crit. Rev. Am. Chem. Soc., 97.
  2. Banks, R.E., Smart, B.E. and Tatlow, J.C. (1994), Organofluorine Chemistry, Plenum Press.
  3. Choi, M.F. and Hawkins, P. (1997), "Generation of sulfur compound vapour standards based on permeation vials in series/parallel", Anal. Chem., 69, 1237-1239. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9608782
  4. Chung, C.W., Morandi, M.T., Stock, T.H. and Afshar, M. (1999), "Evaluation of a passive sampler for volatile organic compounds at ppb concentrations, varying temperatures, and humidities with 24-h exposures. 1. Description and characterization of exposure chamber system", Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3661-3665. https://doi.org/10.1021/es990607j
  5. Garcia-Payo, M.C., Essalhi, M., Khayet, M., Garcia-Fernandez, L., Charfi, K. and Arafat, H. (2010), "Water desalination by membrane distillation using PVDF-HFP hollow fiber membranes", Membrane Water Treatment, 1, 215-230. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2010.1.3.215
  6. Gelaude, I., Dams, R., Resano, M., Vanhaecke, F. and Moens, L. (2002), "Direct determination of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in biological materials by solid sampling-electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-isotope dilution-mass spectrometry", Anal. Chem., 74, 3833-3842. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020060i
  7. Hansen, N.M.L., Jankova, K. and Hvilsted S. (2007), "Fluoropolymer materials and architectures prepared by controlled radical polymerizations", Eur. Polym. J., 43, 255-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.016
  8. Hashimoto, Y. and Tanaka, S. (1980), "A new method of generation of gases at parts per million levels for preparation of standard gases", Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 413-416. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60164a006
  9. Higuchi, A., Tamai, M., Tagawa, Y., Chang, Y. and Ling, Q. (2010), "Surface modification of polymeric membranes for low protein binding", Membrane Water Treatment, 1, 103-120. https://doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2010.1.2.103
  10. Huang, P.H. (1998), "Humidity standards for low level water vapor sensing and measurements", Sens. Actuators, B, 53, 125-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00313-X
  11. Huang, P.H. and Kacker, R. (2003), "Repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations in the measurement of trace moisture generated using permeation tubes", J. Res. Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol., 108, 235-240. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.108.022
  12. Hunter, M.C., Bartle, K.D., Seakins, P.W. and Lewis, A.C. (1999), "Direct measurement of atmosphericformaldehyde using gas chromatography-pulsed discharge ionisation detection", Anal. Commun., 36, 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1039/a809762c
  13. Kharitonov, A.P. (2000), "Practical applications of the direct fluorination of polymers", J. Fluorine Chem., 103, 123-127 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00312-7
  14. Kharitonov, A.P. (2008), "Direct fluorination of polymers-from fundamental research to industrial applications", Prog. Org. Coat., 61, 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.09.027
  15. Kharitonov, A.P. and Moskvin, Y.L. (1998), "Direct fluorination of polystyrene films", J. Fluorine Chem., 91, 87-93 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(98)00200-0
  16. Kharitonov, A.P., Taege, R., Ferrier, G., Teplyakov, V.V., Syrtsova D.A. and Koops, G.H. (2005), "Direct fluorination-useful tool to enhance commercial properties of polymer articles", J. Fluorine Chem., 126, 251-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.01.016
  17. Khoo, C.G.L. and Liu, J. (1998), "Temperature cycling effects in some glob top polymer materials", Circuit World, 24, 11-24.
  18. Lagow, R.J. and Margrave, J.L. (1979), "Direct fluorination: a new approach to fluorine chemistry", Prog. Inorg. Chem., 26, 162-210.
  19. Larsson, T. and Frech, W. (2003), "Species-specific isotope dilution with permeation tubes for determination of gaseous mercury species", Anal. Chem., 75, 5584-5591. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac034324s
  20. Le Roux, J.D., Paul, D.R., Kampa, J. and Lagow, R.J. (1994), "Modification of asymmetric polysulfone membranes by mild surface fluorination. I. Transport-properties", J. Membrane Sci., 94, 121-141 https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(93)E0153-B
  21. Lucero, D.P. (1971), "Performance characteristics of permeation tubes", Anal. Chem., 43, 1744-1749. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60307a005
  22. Maity, J., Jacob, C., Das, C.K., Kharitonov, A.P., Singh, R.P. and Alam, S. (2007), "Fluorinated aramid fiber reinforced polypropylene composites and their characterization", Polym. Compos., 28, 462-469. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20303
  23. Maria, P.C., Gal, J.F., Balza, M., Pere-Trepat, E. and Tumbiolo, S. (2002), "Using thermogravimetry for weight loss monitoring of permeation tubes used for generation of trace concentration gas standards", Anal. Chem., 74, 305-307. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0108921
  24. Mitchell, G.D., Dorko, W.D. and Johnson, P.A. (1992), "Long-term stability of sulfur dioxide permeation tube standard reference materials", Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 344, 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00324980
  25. Mohr, J.M., Paul, D.R., Pinnau, I. and Koros, W.J. (1991), "Surface fluorination of polysulfone asymmetric membranes and films", J. Membrane Sci., 56, 77-98 https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(91)85016-X
  26. Naganowska-Nowaka, A., Konieczka, P., Przyjazny, A. and Namieoenik, J. (2005), "Development of techniques of generation of gaseous standard mixtures", Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 35, 31-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408340590947916
  27. Neri, G., Bonavita, A., Rizzo, G., Micali, G., Donate, N. and Ipsale, S. (2006), "Investigation of permeation tubes for temperature-compensated gas-sensor calibrators", IEEE Sens. J., 6, 1120-1124. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2006.881347
  28. Ohira, S.I. and Toda, K. (2005), "Micro gas analysis system for measurement of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide", Lab Chip. Miniat. Chem. Bio., 5, 1374-1379. https://doi.org/10.1039/b511281h
  29. Patwardhan, D.V., Zimmer, H. and Mark, J.E. (1997), "Synthesis of some fluorinated phenylmethylsiloxane polymers and characterization of their surface properties", J. Inorg. Organom. Polym., 7, 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021440227835
  30. Scace, G.E. and Miller, W.W. (2008), "Reducing the uncertainty of industrial trace humidity generators through NIST permeation-tube calibration", Int. J. Thermophys., 29, 1544-1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-007-0339-z
  31. Singh, H.B., Salas, L., Lillian, D., Arnts, R.R. and Appleby, A. (1977), "Generation of accurate halocarbon primary standards with permeation tubes", Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, 511-513. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60128a009
  32. Smith, A.L. (1960), "Inrared spectra structure-correlation for organosilicon compounds", Spectrochim. Acta., 16, 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0371-1951(60)80074-4
  33. Socrates, G. (1980), Infrared characteristic group frequencies, John Wiley and Sons.
  34. Syrtsova, D.A., Kharitonov, A.P., Teplyakov, V.V. and Koops, G.H. (2004), "Improving gas separation properties of polymeric membranes based on glassy polymers by gas phase fluorination", Desalination, 163, 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(04)90200-7
  35. Tressaud, A., Durand, E. and Labrugere, C. (2007), "Modification of surface properties of carbon-based and polymeric materials through fluorination routes:From fundamental research to industrial applications", J. Fluorine Chem., 128, 378-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.12.015
  36. Tumbiolo, S., Vincent, L., Gal, J.F. and Maria, P.C. (2005), "Thermo-gravimetric calibration of permeation tubes used for the preparation of gas standards for air pollution analysis", Analyst, 130, 1369-1374. https://doi.org/10.1039/b508536e
  37. Washenfelder, R.A., Roehl, C.M., McKinney, K.A., Julian, R.R. and Wennberg, P.O.(2003), "A compact, lightweight gas standards generator for permeation tubes", Rev. Sci. Instrum., 74, 3151-3154. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1570949