Single Laboratory Validation and Uncertainty Estimation of a HPLC Analysis Method for Deoxynivalenol in Noodles

면류에서 HPLC를 이용한 데옥시니발레놀 분석법의 검증과 불확도 산정

  • Ee, Ok-Hyun (Food Safety Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Chang, Hyun-Joo (Food Safety Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kang, Young-Woon (Food Contaminants Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation) ;
  • Kim, Mee-Hye (Food Contaminants Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation) ;
  • Chun, Hyang-Sook (Food Safety Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • 옥현이 (한국식품연구원 안전성연구단) ;
  • 장현주 (한국식품연구원 안전성연구단) ;
  • 강영운 (식품의약품안전평가원 오염물질팀) ;
  • 김미혜 (식품의약품안전평가원 오염물질팀) ;
  • 전향숙 (한국식품연구원 안전성연구단)
  • Received : 2011.03.05
  • Accepted : 2011.05.24
  • Published : 2011.06.30

Abstract

An isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for routine analysis of deoxynivalenol in noodles was validated and estimated the measurement uncertainty. Noodles (dried noodle and ramyeon) were analyzed by HPLC-ultraviolet detection using immunoaffinity column for clean-up. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 7.5 ${\mu}g$/kg and 18.8 ${\mu}g$/kg, respectively. The calibration curve showed a good linearity, with correlation coefficients $r^2$ of 0.9999 in the concentration range from 20 to 500 ${\mu}g$/kg. Recoveries and Repeatabilities expressed as coefficients of variation (CV) spiked with 200 and 500 ${\mu}g$/kg were $82{\pm}2.7%$ and $87{\pm}1.3%$% in dried noodle, and $97{\pm}1.6%$ and $91{\pm}12.0%$ in ramyeon, respectively. The uncertainty sources in measurement process were identified as sample weight, final volume, and sample concentration in extraction volume as well as components such as standard stock solution, working standard solution, 5 standard solutions, calibration curve, matrix, and instrument. Deoxynivalenol concentration and expanded uncertainty in two matrixes spiked with 200 ${\mu}g$/kg and 500 ${\mu}g$/kg were estimated to be $163.8{\pm}52.1$ and $435.2{\pm}91.6\;{\mu}g$/kg for dried noodle, and $194.3{\pm}33.0$ and $453.2{\pm}91.1\;{\mu}g$/kg for ramyeon using a coverage factor of two which gives a level of statistical confidence with approximately 95%. The most influential component among uncertainty sources was the recovery of matrix, followed by calibration curve.

본 연구에서는 면류에서 면역친화컬럼을 이용한 데옥시니발레놀의 HPLC분석법을 검증하고, 분석과정에서 발생될 수 있는 불확도를 GUM 지침에 따라 측정하였다. 검출한 계와 정량한계는 7.5 ${\mu}g$/kg과 18.8 ${\mu}g$/kg이었고 검량선은 20~500 ${\mu}g$/kg 농도범위 에서 0.9999의 높은 상관성을 보였다. 대표적인 밀 가공품인 건면과 라면에 데옥시니 발레놀을 200 ${\mu}g$/kg과 500 ${\mu}g$/kg을 첨가하여 회수율과 반복성올 측정한 결과, 건면에서는 $82{\pm}2.7%$$87{\pm}1.3%$의 결과를 얻었고, 라면에서는 $97{\pm}1.6%$$91{\pm}12.0%$로 측정되었다. 한편, 불확도 측정을 위한 첫 단계로, 분석과정에서의 불확도 요인은 시료량 측정, 최종 시료부피, 보관표준용액, 작업표준용액, 표준용액, 기기, 매질, 검량선 작성으로 구분하였다. 불확도 요인의 구성요인은 저울의 안정성, 분해능, 재현성, 표준물질의 순도, 분자량, 농도, 표준용액 희석, 검량선, 회수율 및 분석기기의 재현성 풍이 작용하였다. 건면과 라면에 데옥시니발레놀을 200과 500 ${\mu}g$/kg을 첨가하여 분석한 결과 건면에서는 $163.8{\pm}52.1\;{\mu}g$/kg, $435.2{\pm}91.6\;{\mu}g$/kg으로 측정되었고 라면에서는 $194.3{\pm}33.0\;{\mu}g$/kg, $453.2{\pm}91.1\;{\mu}g$/kg으로 측정되었다. 확장불확도는 합성표준불확도에 포함인자(k=2, 신뢰수준 95%)를 곱하여 산출하였다. 건면과 라면에서 데옥시니발레놀을 분석함에 있어 불확도에 영향을 주는 주요인자는 시료의 회수율과 검량선 작성인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 면류 시료에서 데옥시니발레놀 것으로 분석의 정밀성을 높이기 위해서는 회수율과 검량선 작성에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 분석과정을 확인하고 오차를 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 식품의약품안전평가원, 한국식품연구원

References

  1. WHO. Evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. Fifty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. WHO Technical report series 906. p. 35-42. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2002).
  2. IARC. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Some naturally occurring substances, food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. IARC Monograph No. 56. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (1993).
  3. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. Prepared by the Fifty-sixth meeting of JECFA. WHO food additives series 47/FAO food and nutrition 74. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2001).
  4. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. Prepared by the Seventy-second report of the JECFA. WHO technical report series 959. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2011).
  5. CODEX committee on Contaminants in Foods (CCCF). Discussion paper on deoxynivalenol. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme CODEX committee on contaminants in foods. First session. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy (2007).
  6. FAO. Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003. FAO food and nutrition paper 81. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy (2004).
  7. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Food Standards Codex. Korea Foods Industry Association, Seoul, Korea. pp.10-6-14 (2010).
  8. 식품의약품안전청 : 식품 등 위해성 평가 - 식품 중 데옥시니발레놀에 대한 안전성 평가, 식품의약품안전청보고서 (2007).
  9. Ok H.E., Chang H.J., Choi S.-W., Cho T.Y., Oh K.S. and Chun H.S. Occurrence and intake of deoxynivalenol in cereal-based products marketed in Korea during 2007-2008. Food Addit. Contam. Part B, 2(2), 154-161 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/19440040903367179
  10. European Commission (EC). Commission Regulation 401/2006 of 23 February 2006 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L70, 12-34 (2006).
  11. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC international. 18th ed. Method 986.17. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA (2005).
  12. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC international. 18th ed. Method 986.18. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA (2005).
  13. USDA. Quantitative test kit for deoxynivalenol for wheat, malted barley, barley, oats, corn. FGIS 2002-104. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA (2002).
  14. EN 15891:2010. Foodstuffs - Determination of deoxynivalenol in cereals, cereal products and cereal based foods for infants and young children - HPLC method with immunoaffinity column cleanup and UV detection. CEN/TC 275 - Food analysis - Horizontal methods. Mycotoxin Standard Methods, October 6 (2010).
  15. ISO. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (1993).
  16. EURACHEM. Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement. EURACHEM, London, UK (1995).
  17. EURACHEM. Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement 2nd. EURACHEM, London, UK (2000).
  18. 옥현이, 장현주, 안장혁, 조재용, 전향숙 : 밀에서 HPLC에 의한 데옥시니발레놀 분석의 측정불확도 산정. 한국식품과학회지, 41, 258-264 (2009).
  19. EU. Report on the relationship between analytical results, measurement uncertainty, recovery factors and the provisions of EU food and feed legislation, with particular reference to community legislation concerning (2004). http://ec.europa.eu/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/report-sampling-analysis_2004_en.pdf.