KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)

Korean Society for Internet Information (한국인터넷정보학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis and Optimization of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Noisy Decision Transmission

  • Liu, Quan (Department of Communication Engineering, Naval University of Engineering Wuhan) ;
  • Gao, Jun (Department of Communication Engineering, Naval University of Engineering Wuhan) ;
  • Guo, Yunwei (Department of Communication Engineering, Naval University of Engineering Wuhan) ;
  • Liu, Siyang (Department of Communication Engineering, Naval University of Engineering Wuhan)
  • Received : 2010.11.04
  • Accepted : 2011.03.23
  • Published : 2011.04.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) with decision fusion is considered as a key technology for tackling the challenges caused by fading/shadowing effects and noise uncertainty in spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. However, most existing solutions assume an error-free decision transmission, which is obviously not the case in realistic scenarios. This paper extends the general decision-fusion-based CSS scheme by considering the fading/shadowing effects and noise corruption in the common control channels. With this more practical model, the fusion centre first estimates the local decisions using a binary minimum error probability detector, and then combines them to get the final result. Theoretical analysis and simulation of this CSS scheme are performed over typical channels, which suggest some performance deterioration compared with the pure case that assumes an error-free decision transmission. Furthermore, the fusion strategy optimization in the proposed cooperation model is also investigated using the Bayesian criteria. The numerical results show that the total error rate of noisy CSS is higher than that of the pure case, and the optimal values of fusion parameter in the counting rule under both cases decrease as the local detection threshold increases.

Keywords

References

  1. Y. Zeng, Y. Liang, A. T. Hoang and R. Zhang, "A review on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio:challenges and solutions, " EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, ID:381465, pp. 1-15, Nov. 2010.
  2. S. Byun, I. Balasingham and A. V. Vasilakos, "A market-clearing model for spectrum trade in cognitive radio networks, " in Proc. of ACM Mobihoc, Paris, France, pp. 16-20, May 2011.
  3. S. Haykin, "Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201-220, Feb. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2004.839380
  4. T. Yucek and H. Arslan, "A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 116-130, Jan. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2009.090109
  5. Q. Zhao and B. M. Sadler, "A survey of dynamic spectrum access," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 79-89, May 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2007.361604
  6. A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, "Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: requirements, challenges and design trade-offs," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 32-39, Apr. 2008.
  7. Q. Liu, J. Gao, J. Guan and Y. Guo, "A survey on linker layer key technologies in cognitive radio networks (in Chinese)," Telecommunication Engineering, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 90-98, Mar. 2010.
  8. H. Urkowitz, "Energy detection of unknown deterministic signals," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 523-531, Apr. 1967. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1967.5573
  9. F. F. Digham, M. Alouini and M. K. Simon, "On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels," in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC, Alaska, USA, pp. 3575-3579, May 2003.
  10. D. Cabric, A. Tkachenko and R. W. Brodersen, "Spectrum sensing measurements of pilot, energy, and collaborative detection," in Proc. of IEEE Military Communications Conference, MILCOM, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 1-7, Oct. 2006.
  11. R. Tandra and A. Sahai, "Fundamental limits on detection in low SNR under noise uncertainty," in Proc. of International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 464-469, Jun. 2005.
  12. A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, "Opportunistic spectrum access in fading channels through collaborative sensing," Journal of Communications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 71-82, Mar. 2007.
  13. J. Ma and Y. Li, "Soft combination and detection for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks," in Proc. of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 3139-3143, Nov. 2007.
  14. Z. Quan, S. Cui and A. H. Sayed, "Optimal linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 28-40, Feb. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2007.914882
  15. B. Shen and K. S. Kwak, "Soft combination schemes for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks," ETRI Journal, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 263-270, Jun. 2009. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.09.0108.0501
  16. B. Shen, S. Ullah and K. Kwak, "Deflection coefficient maximization criterion based optimal cooperative spectrum sensing," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 819-827, Sep. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2009.06.006
  17. S. Kyperountas, N. Correal, Q. Shi and Z. Ye, "Performance analysis of cooperative spectrum sensing in suzuki fading channels," in Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, CrownCom, Orlando, USA, pp. 428-432, Jun. 2007.
  18. W. Zhang, R. K. Mallik and K. B. Letaief, "Optimization of cooperative spectrum sensing with energy detection in cognitive radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 5761-5766, Dec. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2009.12.081710
  19. J. Shen, S. Liu, L. Zeng, G. Xie, J. Gao and Y. Liu, "Optimization of cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network," IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 1170-1178, Mar. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2008.0177
  20. X. Zhou, J. Ma, G. Li, K. Young and A. C. K. Soong, "Probability-based combination for cooperative spectrum sensing," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 463-466, Feb. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2010.02.080154
  21. Y. Xu, Y. Li, Y. Zhao, H. Zou and A. V. Vasilakos, "Selective sensing and transmission for multi-channel cognitive radio networks," in Proc. of INFOCOM workshop on Cognitive and Cooperative Networks, Shanghai, China, pp. 1-6, Apr. 2011.
  22. T. H. Anh, L. Ying-Chang and Z. Yonghong, "Adaptive joint scheduling of spectrum sensing and data transmission in cognitive radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 235-246, January, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2010.01.070270
  23. R. Chen, J. Park, Y. T. Hou and J. H. Reed, "Toward secure distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 50-55, Apr. 2008.
  24. Q. Liu, J. Gao, Y. Guo and S. Liu, "Attack-proof cooperative spectrum sensing based on consensus algorithm in cognitive radio networks," KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1042-1062, Dec. 2010.
  25. L. Song, Y. Li, M. Tao and A. V. Vasilakos, "A Hybrid Relay Selection Scheme Using Differential Modulation," in Proc. of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 1-6, Apr. 2009.
  26. L. Song, Y. Li, A. Huang, B. Jiao and A. V. Vasilakos, "Differential modulation for bi-directional relaying with analog network coding," IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3933-3938, Jul. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2010.2046441
  27. G. Ganesan and Y. Li, "Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, Part II: multiuser networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2214-2222, Jun. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2007.05776
  28. Z. Li, F. R. Yu and M. Huang, "A distributed consensus-based cooperative spectrum-sensing scheme in cognitive radios," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 383-393, Jan. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2009.2031181
  29. T. C. Aysal, S. Kandeepan and R. Piesiewicz, "Cooperative spectrum sensing with noisy hard decision transmissions," in Proc. of IEEE International Conference On Communication, ICC, Dresden, Germany, pp. 1-5, Jun. 2009.
  30. M. Zhang and M. Lv, "Signal detection and estimation (in Chinese), 2nd Edition," Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, 2005.
  31. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, "Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series #55," Dover Publications, New York, 1965.
  32. M. Gudmundson, "Correlation model for shadow fading in mobile radio systems," Electronics Letters, vol. 27, no. 23, pp. 2145-2146, Dec. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19911328
  33. D. Oh and Y. Lee, "Cooperative spectrum sensing with imperfect feedback channel in the cognitive radio systems," International Journal of Communication Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 763-779, Mar. 2010.
  34. R. Kannan, S. Wei, J. Zhang and A. V. Vasilakos, "Throughput optimization for cognitive radio under sensing uncertainty," in Proc. of IEEE Military Communications Conference, MILCOM, San Jose, C.A., USA, pp. 1-6, 2010.