Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Cholesterol Improvement Effects of Fermented Defatted Soybean Grits Added to Corchorus olitorius

몰로키아 첨가 탈지대두grit(defatted soybean grit) 발효물의 콜레스테롤 개선 효과

  • Kim, Hyun-Jeong (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Gyu (Department of Food and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, Sam-Pin (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, In-Seon (The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung University)
  • 김현정 (계명대학교 전통 미생물자원 개발 및 산업화 연구센터) ;
  • 이성규 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 이삼빈 (계명대학교 전통 미생물자원 개발 및 산업화 연구센터) ;
  • 이인선 (계명대학교 전통 미생물자원 개발 및 산업화 연구센터)
  • Received : 2011.01.21
  • Accepted : 2011.03.21
  • Published : 2011.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate cholesterol improvement effects of adding fermented defatted soybean grit (FD) and FD added to 5 or 10% Corchorus olitorius (FDC). Cholesterol adsorption in the FD and FDC group was more than 70%. Apolipoprotein AI and CIII improved in HepG2 cells, and a greater improvement effect was shown in FDC than that in FD. We also investigated the effect of FDC on body lipid metabolism and a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Rats were divided into control (Con), high-fat (HF), HF treated with 20% FD (HF-FD), and HF treated with 20% FDC (HF-FDC) groups. Plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, hepatic total cholesterol, and triglyceride contents were significantly lower in the HF-FDC group than those in the HF group. Additionally, fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased in rats treated with FDC. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activities were significantly lower in the HF-FDC group than those in the HF group.

DSG에 몰로키아 분말을 첨가하여 발효시킨 발효물이 콜레스테롤 개선효과를 가지는지 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 살펴보았다. B. subtilis NUC1균주로 발효한 탈지대두 grits 발효물인 FD와 탈지 대두 grit에 몰로키아를 5, 10%로 각각 첨가하여 발효한 FDC군의 콜레스테롤 흡착능을 살펴본 결과, 모든 군에서 70% 이상의 흡착능을 보였다. HepG2 세포를 이용한 apo-AI, apo-CIII의 분비능 측정에서는 FD군에 비해 몰로키아를 첨가한 FDC군에서 더 우수한 개선효과를 보였다. 한편 FDC가 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의체내 콜레스테롤 개선에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자, 기본식이군(Con), 고지방식이군(HF) 그리고 고지방식이와 FD첨가군(HFFD), 고지방식이와 FDC 첨가군(HF-FDC)으로 나누어 4주간 사육하였다. 그 결과, 혈장 내 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량, 그리고 간 조직 내의 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량은 HF군에서 증가하였다가 HF-FDC 첨가군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 분변 내의 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 배설량은 FDC 투여로 인해서 HF군에 비해 증가하였다. 또한 간내 HMG-CoA reductase 활성은 HF군에서 증가되었다가, HF-FDC첨가군에서 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 따라서 FDC는 콜레스테롤 흡착 및 조절능을 가지며, 그리고 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량, 조직 내의 지질 및 콜레스테롤 축적을 감소시켜 체내 콜레스테롤 개선에 효과적인 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. MHWK. Yearbook of Health and Welfare Statistics. Ministry of Health and Welfare Republic of Korea, Seoul, Korea. p. 35 (2003)
  2. Choi YB, Sohn HS. Isoflavone content in Korean fermented and unfermented soybean foods. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 30: 745-750 (1998)
  3. Hso S, Lee SK, Joo HK. Isolation and identification of fibrinolytic bacteria from Korean traditional cheonggukjang. J. Korean Soc. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol. 41: 119-124 (1998)
  4. Kwon EY. Standardization of cheonggukjang preparation and its cancer preventive effect. MS thesis. Pusan National University, Busan, Korea (2000)
  5. Yang JL. Antiatherogenic effect of cheonggukjang. PhD thesis. Pusan National University, Busan, Korea (2000)
  6. Kang MJ. Antibiabetic effect of soy pinito and cheonggukjang : Animal studies and clinical trials. PhD thesis. Inje University, Gimhae, Korea (2004)
  7. Kang MJ. Antibiabetic effect of soy pinito and cheonggukjang : Animal studies and clinical trials. PhD thesis. Inje University, Gimhae, Korea (2004)
  8. Park C, Kim KS, Jung CM, Shin HJ, Kim CJ, Ashiuchi M, Soda K, Sung MH. Effect of poly-γ-glutamic acid on calcium solubility in vitro and in vivo. Deep-Sea Water Health Sci. 3: 71-75 (2003)
  9. Kang SA, Hong KH, Jang KH, Kim SH, Jang EK, Kim CH, Choue RW. Effects of low level of low level of levan feeding on serum lipids, adiposity, and UCP expression in rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 31: 788-795 (2002) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.5.788
  10. Kang SA, Jang KH, Lee JC, Chang BI, Lim YA, Song BC. The effects of ructose polymer levan on the body fat accumulation and serum lipid profiles of Korean women. Korean J. Commun. Nutr. 8: 986-992 (2003)
  11. Lee SI, Shin JG, Kim DS. Effect of red ginseng-cheonggukjang extracts on lipid profiles of serum in alcohol administered diabetes- induced rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 34: 1362-1366 (2005) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.9.1362
  12. Koh JB. Effects of cheonggukjang added Phellinus linteus on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 35: 140-415 (2006)
  13. Park JH, Kim JM, Park EJ, Lee KH. Effects of cheonggukjang added with onion on lipid and antioxidant metabolisms in rats fed high fat-cholesterol diet. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37: 1244-1250 (2008) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.10.1244
  14. Lee SG, Kim HJ, Im NK, Lee EJ, Lee SP, Lee IS. Antithrombotic and cholesterol reduction effects of defatted soybean grits fermented by Bacillus subtilis NUC1. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 41: 423-427 (2009)
  15. Lee SG, Kim HJ, Yu MH, Lee EJ, Lee SP, Lee IS. Cholesterol improvement synergistic effects of fermented soybean grits caused by added with mung bean in vitro. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 39: 947-952 (2010) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.7.947
  16. El-Mahdy AR, El-Sebaiy LA. Preliminary studies on the mucilage extracted from okara fruits, taro tubers, Jew's mellow leaves and fenugreek seeds. Food Chem. 14: 237-249 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(84)90079-7
  17. Farag RS, El-Khwas HAM, Mohamed MS. Distribution of carotenoids in some fresh and boiled foods. Adv. Food Sci. 20: 1-6 (1998)
  18. Azuma K, Nakayama M, Koshioka M, Ippoushi K, Yamaguchi Y, Kohata K, Yamauchi Y, Ito H, Higashio H. Phenolic antioxidant from the leaves of Corchorus olitorius L. J. Agr. Food Chem. 47: 3963-3966 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990347p
  19. Innami S, Tabata K, Shimizu J, Kusunoki K, Ishida H, Matsuguma M, Wada M, Sugiyama N, Kondo M. Dried green leaf powders of Jew's mellow (Corchorus), persimmon (Disophyros kaki), and sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas) lower hepatic cholesterol concentration and increase fecal bile acid excretion in rats fed a cholesterol- free diet. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 52: 55-65 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008031028484
  20. Hwangbo MH, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Chung TH, Kim IK, Shin HM. Protective effect of Vasopurus on atherosclerosis induced by dietary cholesterol in LDL r-/- mice. Korean J. Herbol. 24: 49-53 (2009)
  21. Soh HS, Kim CS, Lee SP. A new in vitro assay of cholesterol adsorption by food and microbial polysaccharides. J. Med. Food 6: 225-230 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1089/10966200360716643
  22. Sambrook J, Russell DW. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. pp.18.3-18.44 (2001)
  23. Folch J, Lees M, Sloan-Stanley GH. A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226: 497-509 (1957)
  24. Hulcher FH, Oleson WH. Simplified spectrophotometric assay for microsomal 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by measurement of coenzyme A. J. Lipid Res. 14: 625-631 (1973)
  25. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NH, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275 (1951)
  26. Kim HJ, Lee SG, Ji YJ, Hwangbo MH, Lee EJ, Lee SP, Lee IS. Quality characteristics of defatted soybean grits fermented by Bacillus subtilis NUC1. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37: 1479- 1484 (2008) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.11.1479
  27. Kim YT, Kim WK, Oh HI. Screening and identification of the fibinolytic bacterial strain from cheonggukjang. Korean J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23: 1-5 (1995)
  28. Kil JO, Kom GN, Park IS. Production and characterization of fibrinolytic enzyme: Optimal condition for production of the enzyme produced from Bacillus sp. KP-6408 isolated from cheonggukjang. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 27: 51-56 (1998)
  29. Durstine JL, Grandjean PW, Cox CA, Thompson PD. Lipids, lipoproteins, and exercise. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 22: 385-398 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200211000-00002
  30. Kostner GM, Knipping G, Groener JE. The role of LACT and cholesterol ester transfer proteins for the HDL and LDL structure and metabolism. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 210: 79-86 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1268-0_12
  31. Taskinen MR, Kahri J, Koivisto V, Shepherd J, Dackard CJ. Metabolism of HDL apolipoprotein AI and AII in type I (insulindependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 35: 347-356 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401202
  32. Gotto AM, Pownall HJ, Havel RA. Introduction to the plasma lipoproteins. Methods Enzymol. 128: 3-40 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(86)28061-1
  33. Lee HJ. Effects of dietary casein, soy protein and mixed protein on body lipid components of rats. MS thesis. Sung-shin Women's University, Seoul, Korea (1986)
  34. Demonty I, Lamarche B, Deshaies Y, Jacques H. Role of soy isoflavones in the hypotriglyceridemic effect of soy protein in the rat. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13: 671-677 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00214-0
  35. Kim MJ, Lee MK, Jang JY, Kim DG. Effect of protein in dietinduced hypercholestemia rats. Korean J. Food Nutr. 10: 246-253 (1997)
  36. Chen JR, Chiou SF, Suetsuna K, Yang HY, Yang SC. Lipid metabolism in hypocholesterolemic rats affected by feeding cholesterol- free diets containing different amounts of non dialyzed soybean protein fraction. Nutrtion 19: 676-680 (2003)
  37. Song YS, Kwon TW. Hypocholesterolemic effect of soybean and soy products. Food Indus. Nutr. 5: 36-41 (2000)
  38. Fujioka T, Nara F, Tsujita Y, Fukushige J, Fukami M, Kuroda M. The mechanism of lack of hypocholesterolemic effects of pravastatin sodium, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1254: 7-12 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(94)00154-Q
  39. Balmir F, Stack R, Jeffrey E, Jimenez MD, Wang L, Potter SM. An extract of soy flour influences serum cholesterol and thyroid hormones in rats and hamsters. J. Nutr. 126: 3046-3053 (1996)
  40. Iwai K, Nakaya N, Kawasaki Y, Matsue H. Antioxidative function of natto, a kind of fermented soybeans: Effect on LDL oxidation and lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50: 3597-3601 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0117199
  41. Huff MW, Carrol KK. Effects of dietary proteins and amino acid mixtures on plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits. J. Nutr. 110: 1676-1685 (1980)
  42. Terpstra AH, van Tintelen G, West CE. The hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary soy protein in rats. J. Nutr. 112: 810-817 (1982)

Cited by

  1. Effects of Corchorus olitorius L. (Molokhia) Extracts as Functional Cosmetic Materials vol.15, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2016.0086