Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy (생약학회지)

The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy (한국생약학회)
권호 표지

Quantitative Analysis of Sennoside A and Anthraquinones for the Guideline for the Quality Control of Rhubarbs

유통 대황의 Sennoside A 및 Anthraquinone 함량분석을 통한 품질관리 기준에 관한 연구

  • Choi, Hee-Kyoung (Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Hee (Korea Drug Test Laboratory) ;
  • Seo, Yong-Taek (Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yook, Chang-Soo (Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jang, Young-Pyo (Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University)
  • 최희경 (경희대학교 약학대학 한약학과) ;
  • 김경희 (한국의약품시험연구소) ;
  • 서용택 (경희대학교 약학대학 한약학과) ;
  • 육창수 (경희대학교 약학대학 한약학과) ;
  • 장영표 (경희대학교 약학대학 한약학과)
  • Received : 2011.02.24
  • Accepted : 2011.06.13
  • Published : 2011.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma) has been used for the various clinical purposes such as purgative, stomach protective and pain relief for a long time. However, rhubarb in current market has a problem of quality control under which many of rhubarb fail to meet the standard specified in Korean Pharmacopoeia. This study was carried out to validate the method for the evaluation of the quality of five rhubarbs and Rumex species; Rheum palmatum, R. officinale, R. tanguticum, R. franzenbachii, R. undulatum, and Rumex species. The content of sennoside A with five anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) in five rhubarbs and one Rumex has been performed by using HPLC quantitation analysis. In results, only four samples in Palmata sect. were qualified with sennoside A and those samples were R. officinale and R. tanguticum. Samples of R. palmatum did not meet the standard contents of sennoside A. The contents of anthraquinones in Palmata sect. were two times larger than those in Rhapontica sect. Moreover the content variations of anthraquinones were smaller than those of sennoside A. Thus, anthraquinones can be the key characterizing molecules to control quality of rhubarb.

Keywords

References

  1. 편집부 (2003) 神農本草經, 의성당, 서울.
  2. KFDA. (2008) Korean Pharmacopoeia. Ed. 9, Shinil Books company, Seoul.
  3. 日本厚生勞動省. (2005) 日本藥國方, 15: p. 1786.
  4. 中華人民共和國國務院藥品監督管理府. (2005) 中華人民共和國藥典.
  5. Miyamoto, M., Imai, S., Shinohara, M., Fujioka, S. and Goto, M. (1967) Studies on the purgative substances. I. Isolation of sennoiside A, one of the most active principles from Rhu-barb. Yakugaku zasshi. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan 87(9): 1040- 1043.?
  6. Oshio, H., Imai, S., Fujioka, S., Sugawara, T., Miyamoto, M. and Tsukui, M. (1972) Rhubarbs. II. Isolation of sennoside E, a new purgative compound. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 20(3): 621- 622. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.20.621
  7. Oshio, H. (1978) Investigation of rhubarbs. IV. Isolation of sennoside D, citreorosein and laccaic acid D. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 32(1): 19-23.
  8. Yamagishi, T., Nishizawa, M., Ikura, M., Hikichi, K., Nonaka, G. and Nishioka, I. (1987) Studies on rhubarb (Rhei rhizoma). Part XI. New laxative constituents of rhubarb, isolation and characterization of rheinosides, A, B, C and D. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35(8): 3132-3138. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.3132
  9. Tsukida, K. and Yoneshige, M. (1954) Studies on the constituents of Polygonaceous plants. IV. Constituents of Japanese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum). Yakugaku zasshi. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan 74: 382-382.
  10. Holzschuh, L., Kopp, B. and Kubelka, W. (1982) Physcion-8- O-b-D-gentiobioside, a new anthraquinone glycoside from rhubarb roots. Planta Med. 46(3): 159-161.
  11. Khetwal, K. S. and pathak, R. P. (1988) Active anthraquinoids from Rheum webbianum. J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 65(3): 227.
  12. Rawat, M. (1989) Anthraquinone glycosides from rheum moorocofitianum. Pharmazia 44: 509-510.
  13. Ko, S. K., Whang, W. K. and Kim, I. H. (1995) Anthraquinone and stilbene derivatives from cultivated Korean rhubarb rhizomes. Arch. Pharm. Res. 18(4): 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976414
  14. Ko, S. K. (2000) A new stilbene diglycoside from Rheum undulatum. Arch. Pharm. Res. 23(2): 159-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975506
  15. Uchibayashi, M. and Matsuoka, T. (1961) Aloe-emodin(Notes). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 9: 234-236. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.9.234
  16. Okabe, H., Matsuo, K. and Noshioka, I. (1973) Studies on rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma) II, anthraquinone glycosides. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 21(6): 1254-1260. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.21.1254
  17. Yaki, A., Koizumi, Y. and Nishioka, I. (1971) Studies on rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma) I, stilbene derivatives from "dodaioo" (Chinese inferior rhubarb). Shoyakugaku Zasshi 25(1): 52-54.
  18. Kashiwada, Y., Nonaka, G. and Nishioka, I. (1984) Tannins and related compound XXIII, rhubarb(4), isolation and structure of new classes of gallotannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32(9): 3461-3470. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.3461
  19. Kashiwada, Y., Nonaka, G., Nishioka, I., Nishizawa, M. and Yamagishi, T. (1984) Studies on rhubarb(Rhei Rhizoma) VI, isolation and characterization of stilbene. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32(9): 3501-3517. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.3501
  20. Kashiwada, Y., Nonaka, G., Nishioka, I., Nishizawa, M. and Yamagishi, T. (1988) Studies on rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma) XIV, isolation and characterization of stilbene glycosides from Chinese rhubarb.Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36(4): 1545-1549. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.1545
  21. Ko, S. K., Whang, W. K. and Kim, I. H. (1998) Stilbene compounds from cultivated Korean rhubarb rhizomes. Yakhak Hoeji 42(1): 1-4.
  22. 생약학교재편찬위원회 (2006) 생약학. 동명사, 225-229.
  23. Frexinos, J., Staumont, G., Fioramonti, J. and Bueno, L. (1989) Effects of sennosides on colonic myoelectrical activity in man. Digest. Diseas. Sci. 34(2): 214-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01536053
  24. Peigen, X., Liyi, H. and Liwei, W. (1984) Ethnopharmacologic study of Chinese rhubarb. J. Ethnopharm. 10(3):275- 293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90016-3
  25. Kobashi, K., Nishimura, T., Kusaka, M., Hattori, M. and Namba, T. (1980) Metabolism of Sennosides by Human Intestinal Bacteria. Planta Med. 40(3):225-236.
  26. Hattori, M., Kim, g., Motoike, S., Kobashi, K. and Namba, T. (1982) Metabolism of sennosides by intestinal flora. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30(4):1338-1346. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.30.1338
  27. Dian-Dong, L., Hsueh-Liang, S. and Chiung-Hua, C. (1964) Studies of Chinese rhubarb VIII. Mechanism of antibiotic action of anthraquinone derivatives (2) Effect on the metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds in S. aureus. Acta Biochim.Biophys. Sinica 4: 151-160..
  28. Su, H.-Y., Cherng, S.-H., Chen, C.-C. and Lee, H. (1995) Emodin inhibits the mutagenicity and DNA adducts induced by 1-nitropyrene. Mut. Res. 329(2): 205-212.
  29. Iizuka, A., Iijima, O. T., Kondo, K., Itakura, H., Yoshie, F., Miyamoto, H., Kubo, M., Higuchi, M., Takeda, H. and Matsumiya, T. (2004) Evaluation of Rhubarb using antioxidative activity as an index of pharmacological usefulness. J. Ethnopharmacol. 91(1): 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.021
  30. Chen, D., Qiao, L. and Jing, B. (2000) Effect of rhubarb on oxygen radicals leakage from mitochondria of intestinal mucosa in burned rats. Chinese J. Integ. Trad. West. Med. 20(11): 849-852.
  31. Yokozawa, T., Chen, C.P. and Tanaka, T. (2000) Direct scavenging of nitric oxide by traditional crude drugs. Phytomedicine 6(6): 453-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80074-4
  32. 김인락. (2005) 수입 한약재의 유통실태 및 개선 방안. KFDA. 53-56.