DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Displacement-based design approach for highway bridges with SMA isolators

  • Liu, Jin-Long (Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Zhu, Songye (Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Xu, You-Lin (Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Zhang, Yunfeng (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland)
  • 투고 : 2010.07.26
  • 심사 : 2011.05.02
  • 발행 : 2011.08.25

초록

As a practical and effective seismic resisting technology, the base isolation system has seen extensive applications in buildings and bridges. However, a few problems associated with conventional lead-rubber bearings have been identified after historical strong earthquakes, e.g., excessive permanent deformations of bearings and potential unseating of bridge decks. Recently the applications of shape memory alloys (SMA) have received growing interest in the area of seismic response mitigation. As a result, a variety of SMA-based base isolators have been developed. These novel isolators often lead to minimal permanent deformations due to the self-centering feature of SMA materials. However, a rational design approach is still missing because of the fact that conventional design method cannot be directly applied to these novel devices. In light of this limitation, a displacement-based design approach for highway bridges with SMA isolators is proposed in this paper. Nonlinear response spectra, derived from typical hysteretic models for SMA, are employed in the design procedure. SMA isolators and bridge piers are designed according to the prescribed performance objectives. A prototype reinforced concrete (RC) highway bridge is designed using the proposed design approach. Nonlinear dynamic analyses for different seismic intensity levels are carried out using a computer program called "OpenSees". The efficacy of the displacement-based design approach is validated by numerical simulations. Results indicate that a properly designed RC highway bridge with novel SMA isolators may achieve minor damage and minimal residual deformations under frequent and rare earthquakes. Nonlinear static analysis is also carried out to investigate the failure mechanism and the self-centering ability of the designed highway bridge.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Hong Kong Polytechnic University

참고문헌

  1. Andrawes, B. and DesRoches, R. (2005), "Unseating prevention for multiple frame bridges using superelastic devices", Smart Mater. Struct., 14(3), S60-S67. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/14/3/008
  2. Casciati, F. and Faravelli, L. (2009), "A passive control device with SMA components: from the prototype to the model", Struct. Health Monit., 16(7-8), 751-765.
  3. Casciati, F., Faravelli, L. and Hamdaoui, K. (2007), "Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 6(4), 401-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-007-0787-2
  4. Casciati, F., Faravelli, L. and Al Saleh, R. (2009), "An SMA passive device proposed within the highway bridge benchmark", Struct. Health Monit., 16(6), 657-667. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.332
  5. Chang, K.C., Chang, D.W., Tsai, M.H. and Sun, Y.C. (2000), "Seismic performance of highway bridges", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Seismol., 2(1), 55-77.
  6. Choi, E., Nam, T.H., and Cho, B.S. (2005), "A new concept of isolation bearings for highway steel bridges usingshape memory alloys", Can. J. Civ. Eng., 32(5), 957-967. https://doi.org/10.1139/l05-049
  7. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2000), "Evaluation of a NSP to estimate seismic deformation: SDF system", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 126(4), 482-490. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:4(482)
  8. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2001), "Direct displacement-based design: use of inelastic vs. elastic design spectra", Earthq. Spectra, 17(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586166
  9. Christopoulos, C., Filiatrault, A. and Folz, B. (2002), "Seismic response of self-centering hysteretic SDOF systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31, 1131-1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.152
  10. Dolce, M., Cardone, D. and Palermo, G. (2007), "Seismic isolation of bridges using isolation systems based on flat sliding bearings", Bull Earthq. Eng., 5(4), 491-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9044-3
  11. Graesser, E.J. and Cozzarelli, F.A. (1991), "Shape memory alloys as new materials for aseismic isolation", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 117(11), 2590-2608. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1991)117:11(2590)
  12. Hameed, A., Koo, M.S., Dai Do, T.D. and Jeong, J.H. (2008), "Effect of lead rubber bearing characteristics on the response of seismic-isolated bridges", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 12(3), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-008-0187-9
  13. Han, Q., Du, X.L., Liu, J.B., Li, Z.X., Li, L.Y. and Zhao, J.F. (2009), "Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 8, 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-009-8162-0
  14. Jankowski, R., Wilde, K. and Fujino, Y. (1998), "Pounding of superstructure segments in isolated elevated bridge during earthquakes", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 27(5), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199805)27:5<487::AID-EQE738>3.0.CO;2-M
  15. Kowalsky, M.J., Priestley, M.J.N. and MacRae, G.A. (1995), "Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 24(12), 1623-1643. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290241206
  16. Kowalsky, M.J. (2002), "A displacement-based approach for the seismic design of continuous concrete bridges", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31(3), 719-747. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.150
  17. Kwan, W.P. and Billington, S.L. (2003), "Unbonded Posttensioned Concrete Bridge Piers. I: Monotonic and Cyclic Analyses", J. Bridge Eng.- ASCE, 8(2), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:2(92)
  18. Lin, Y.Y., Tsai, M.H., Hwang, J.S. and Chang, K.C. (2003), "Direct displacement-based for buildings with passive energy dissipation systems", Eng. Struct., 25(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00099-8
  19. Mazzoni, S., McKenna, F., Scott, M.H. and Fenves, G.L. (2006) Open system for earthquake simulation user command-language manual, OpenSees version 1.7.3. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  20. Medhekar, M.S. and Kennedy, D.J.L. (2000), "Displacement-based seismic design of buildings-theory", Eng. Struct., 22(3), 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00092-3
  21. Medhekar, M.S. and Kennedy, D.J.L. (2000), "Displacement-based seismic design of buildings application", Eng. Struct., 22(3), 210-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00093-5
  22. Nassar, A.A. and Krawinkler, H. (1991), Seismic damands for SDOF and MDOF systems, Rep. No 95, John Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, CA.
  23. National standard of the People's Republic of China (2001). Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 50011-2001). Beijing; [in Chinese].
  24. Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1982), Earthquake spectra and design, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley, Calif.
  25. Priestley, M.J.N. (1997), "Displacement-based seismic assessment of reinforced concrete buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 1(1), 157-192.
  26. Priestley, M.J.N. (1997), "Myths and fallacies in earthquake engineering", Concr. Int., 19(2), 54-63.
  27. Priestley M.J.N., and Kowasky M.J. (2000), "Direct displacement-based seismic of concrete buildings", Bull. New Zeal. Natl. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 33(4), 421-442.
  28. Seo, C.Y. and Sause, R. (2005), "Ductility demands on self-centering systems under earthquake loading", ACI Structural Journal, 102(2), 275-285.
  29. Seo, C.Y. (2005), Influence of ground motion characteristics and structural parameters on seismic response of SDOF systems, Ph.D dissertation, Lehigh University.
  30. Song, G., Ma, N. and Li, H.N. (2006), "Applications of shape memory alloys in civil structures", Eng. Struct., 28(9), 1266-1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.12.010
  31. Turkington, D.H., Carr, A.J., Cooke, N. and Moss, P.J. (1989a), "Seismic design of bridges on lead-rubber bearings", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 115(12), 3000-3016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:12(3000)
  32. Turkington, D.H., Carr, A.J., Cooke, N. and Moss, P.J. (1989b), "Design method for bridges on lead-rubber bearings", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 115(12), 3017-3030. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:12(3017)
  33. U.S. building seismic safety council. (2003), NEHRP recommendation provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures (FEMA 450).
  34. Vidic, T., Fajfar, P. and Fischinger, M. (1994), "Consistent inelastic design spectra: strength and displacement", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 23(5), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290230504
  35. Wilde, W., Gardoni, P. and Fujino, Y. (2000), "Base isolation system with shape memory alloy device for elevated highway bridges", Eng. Struct., 22(3), 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00097-2
  36. Wilson, J.C. and Wesolowsky, M.J. (2005), "Shape memory alloys for seismic response modification: a state-of-the-art review", Earthq. Spectra, 21(2), 569-601. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1897384
  37. Zhang, Y.F., Camilleri, J.A. and Zhu, S.Y. (2008), "Mechanical properties of superelastic Cu-Al-Be wires at cold temperatures for the seismic protection of bridges", Smart Mater. Struct., 17(2), 025008 (9pp). https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/17/2/025008
  38. Zhang, Y., Hu, X. and Zhu, S. (2009), "Seismic performance of benchmark base isolated bridges with superelastic Cu-Al-Be wire damper", Struct. Health Monit., 16(6), 668-685. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.327
  39. Zhang, Y. and Zhu, S. (2008), "Seismic resistant braced frame structures with shape memory alloy-based self-centering damping device", Earthquake Engineering: New Research (Eds. Miura, T. and Ikeda, Y.), Nova Science Publisher, Inc., Hauppauge, USA, 219-254.
  40. Zhang, Y. and Zhu, S. (2008), "Seismic response control of building structures with superelastic Shape Memory Alloy wire damper", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 134(3), 240-251. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:3(240)
  41. Zhu, S. and Gao, Y. (2009), "Genetic algorithm-based development of ground motion time histories". Proceedings of 2009 ANCER Workshop, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA, August.
  42. Zhu, S. and Zhang, Y. (2008), "Seismic analysis of concentrically braced frame systems with self centering friction damping braces", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 134(1), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(121)

피인용 문헌

  1. Feasibility Analysis of SMA-Based Damping Devices for Use in Seismic Isolation of Low-Rise Frame Buildings 2018, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418500876
  2. Loading rate effect on superelastic SMA-based seismic response modification devices vol.4, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.4.6.607
  3. On possible applications of smart structures controlled by self-stress vol.15, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2014.08.006
  4. Incremental Dynamic Analysis of Highway Bridges with Novel Shape Memory Alloy Isolators vol.17, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.3.429
  5. Numerical investigation on multi-degree-freedom nonlinear chaotic vibration isolation vol.51, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.4.643
  6. Characterization of cyclic properties of superelastic monocrystalline Cu–Al–Be SMA wires for seismic applications vol.72, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.065
  7. Estimation of bridge displacement responses using FBG sensors and theoretical mode shapes vol.42, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.42.2.229
  8. Seismic behavior of properly designed CBFs equipped with NiTi SMA braces vol.21, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.21.4.479
  9. Temperature effect on seismic performance of CBFs equipped with SMA braces vol.22, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.5.495
  10. Hysteresis analysis of pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation braces using different models vol.22, pp.12, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219849844
  11. Seismic vibration control of an innovative self-centering damper using confined SMA core vol.25, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.241