Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Cleanup of Fluorene-Contaminated Soil by Continuous Chemical and Biological Treatment

화학적 및 생물학적 연속 처리에 의한 플루오렌 오염토양의 정화

  • Received : 2011.02.22
  • Accepted : 2011.04.18
  • Published : 2011.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We describe a method for effectively pretreating soil highly that has been contaminated with fluorene (${\gg}$ 120 mg/kg soil), i.e., we apply Fenton oxidation in which ethanol is added to increase fluorene removal. To obtain maximum fluorene removal efficiency, a minimum of 1.0 ml of ethanol, 0.35 ml of $H_2O_2$, and 0.2 ml of 0.5M $Fe^{2+}$ was needed per 1 g of fluorene-contaminated soil. Under optimal Fenton oxidation conditions, 13% of 9-fluorene was generated during Fenton oxidation of 43% fluorene. The biodegradability of 9-fluorenone was subsequently confirmed to be much more rapid than that of fluorene, i.e., biodegradability of 96% versus 35% over 31 days. These results demonstrate that the proposed treatment method can be effectively applied to remove fluorene prior to disposal at industrial waste sites.

Keywords

References

  1. Estrellan CR, Iino F. Toxic emissions from open burning. Chemosphere. 2010; 80(3): 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.057
  2. Wilcke W. Global patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Geoderma. 2007; 141(3-4): 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.07.007
  3. Gan S, Lau EV, Ng HK. Remediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). J Hazard Mater. 2009; 172(2-3): 532-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.118
  4. Zhang P, Song J, Yuan H. Persistent organic pollutant residues in the sediments and mollusks from the Bohai Sea coastal areas, North China: An overview. Environ Inter. 2009; 35(3): 632-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.09.014
  5. Chen G, White PA. The mutagenic hazards of aquatic sediments: a review. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Res. 2004; 567(2-3): 151-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.08.005
  6. Mostert MM, Ayoko GA, Kokot S. Application of chemometrics to analysis of soil pollutants. Trends in Anal Chem. 2010; 29(5): 430-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2010.02.009
  7. Cai QY, Mo CH, Wu QT, Katsoyiannis A, Zeng QY. The status of soil contamination by semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) in China: A review. Sci The Total Environ. 2008; 389(2-3): 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.026
  8. Achten C, Hofmann T. Native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in coals - A hardly recognized source of environmental contamination. Sci the Total Environ. 2009; 407(8): 2461-2473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.008
  9. Maliszewska-Kordybach B, Smreczak B, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A. Concentrations, sources, and spatial distribution of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soils in the Eastern part of the EU: Poland as a case study. Sci the Total Environ. 2009; 407(12): 3746-3753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.010
  10. Martens DA, Frankenberger JR. Enhance degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil treat with an advanced oxidative process Fenton's reagent. J Soil Contam. 1995; 4(2): 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389509383491
  11. Jonsson S, Persson Y, Frankki S, Bavel B, Lundstedt S, Haglund P, et al. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soils by Fenton's reagent: A multivariate evaluation of the importance of soil characteristics and PAH properties. J Hazard Mater. 2007; 149(1): 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.057
  12. Navarro RR, Iimura Y, Ichikawa H, Tatsumi K. Treatment of PAHs in contaminated soil by extraction with aqueous DNA followed by biodegradation with a pure culture of Sphingomonas sp. Chemosphere. 2008; 73(7): 1414-1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.004
  13. Haapea P, Tuhkanen T. Integrated treatment of PAH contaminated soil by soil washing, ozonation and biological treatment. J Hazard Mater. 2006; 136(2): 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.033
  14. Alcntara T, Gmez J, Pazos M, Sanromn MA. PAHs soil decontamination in two steps: Desorption and electrochemical treatment. J Hazard Mater. 2009; 166(1): 462-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.050
  15. Nam K, Rodriguez W, Kukor JJ. Enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by biodegradation combined with a modified Fenton reaction. Chemosphere. 2001; 45(1): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00051-0
  16. Zang S, Li P, Li W, Zhang D, Hamilton A. Degradation mechanisms of benzo[a]pyrene and its accumulated metabolites by biodegradation combined with chemical oxidation. Chemosphere. 2007; 67(7): 1368-1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.034
  17. Open Notebook Science. Solubility Challenge. Available: http://old.oru.edu/cccda/sl/solubility/allsolvents.php?solute=fluorene [accessed 13 April 2011]
  18. Open Notebook Science. Solubility Challenge. Available: http://old.oru.edu/cccda/sl/solubility/allsolvents.php?solute=9-fluorenone [accessed 13 April 2011]
  19. Ministry of Environment, Korea. Standard Methods for Examination of Soil, Seoul; 2010. p. 92
  20. Soil Fertilizer Science Association, Japan. Standard Methods for the examination of soil, Tokyo; 2007. p.45-52.
  21. Yamamoto K. Method of microorganism isolation, 2nd ed, Tokyo; Kagakusha; 1990. p.89.
  22. Yamane A, Sakakibara K, Hosomi M, Murakami A. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in estuarine sediment of Tama river in Tokyo urban area. Wat Sci Tech. 1997; 35(8): 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00152-2
  23. Chun MH, Son HJ, Kim C. A Study on the Isolation of the Oil-degradation Microbes and Treatment Efficiency in the Oil Contaminated Soil with Peat Moss. Kor J Environ Health Sci. 2007; 33(5): 462-469. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2007.33.5.462
  24. Neyens E, Baeyens J. A review of classic Fenton’s peroxidation as an advanced oxidation technique. J Hazard Mater. 2003; 98(1-3): 33-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00282-0
  25. Pontes RFF, Moraes JEF, Machulek A. Pinto JM. A mechanistic kinetic model for phenol degradation by the Fenton process. J Hazard Mater. 2010; 176(1-3): 402-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.044