The Characteristics of Bird Community at Hannam Area of Jeju Experimental Forests

제주시험림 한남 지역의 조류 군집 특성

  • Park, Chan-Ryul (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Mi (Warm-temperate Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kang, Chang-Wan (Jeju Branch, Korea Association For Bird Protection)
  • 박찬열 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) ;
  • 김은미 (국립산림과학원 난대산림연구소) ;
  • 강창완 (한국조류보호협회 제주지회)
  • Received : 2010.10.05
  • Accepted : 2011.12.11
  • Published : 2011.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of bird community, migration, nesting guild, ordination analysis of observed frequency of birds at Jeju Experimental Forests (JEFs) from November 2006 to September 2007 with surveys of two areas by line transect methods and point-count methods at five areas for three consecutive days in each month. Among observed 58 species could be classified into the 24 residents, 9 summer visitors, 9 winter visitors and 16 passage migrants according to migration habit. In species composition, passage migrants are dominant birds at study areas whereas summer and winter visitors are most dominant birds at mainland's forests. We could divide two groups of bird community in the view of monthly species composition, one is November to February group, the other March to July group by ordination analysis. Number of species did not show seasonal fluctuation which is common pattern of bird community in mainland. This pattern reflects that species composition can change during breeding and non-breeding periods, but overall number of species did not change. This can be related with the high use of passage migrants at study area, also suggests that the JEFs can be highly utilized as stopover sites during migration. At mainland's forests, we can observe about five species of woodpeckers, however we just observed the only one species of White-backed Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos leucotos) at study areas. In the view of nesting guild, breeding birds can be grouped into the 9 bush-& ground nesters, 8 canopy nesters, 7 hole nesters and one house nesters. Among hole nesters, we can observe only one species of primary cavity nesters White-backed woodpecker, and the five secondary cavity nesters, that is three species of tits, tricolor flycatchers (Ficedula zanthopygia) and ruddy kingfishers (Halcyon coromanda). Therefore, White-backed woodpeckers can be regarded as a keystone species and forest practice should consider the careful conservation of this species.

본 연구는 제주시험림 한남지역에서 2006년 11월부터 2007년 9월까지 매월 3일 연속으로 11개월 동안 선조사법에 의한 2개 지역과 정점조사법에 의한 5개 지역을 정하여 이동성, 둥지 길드, 출현비율의 군집 분석을 통하여 조류 군집의 특성을 살펴보았다. 총 58종의 조류를 확인하였으며, 조류를 이동성(migration habit)에 따라 나누면, 텃새 24종, 여름철새 8종, 겨울철새 10종, 나그네새 16종이었다. 대개 육지에서는 여름철새의 종 수가 높지만, 조사지역에서 나그네새 종수가 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 월별 출현종의 관찰비율을 군집 분석한 결과, 11월부터 2월의 모둠, 3월~7월의 모둠으로 나누어져 계절성을 보였으나, 월별 종 수 변화는 육지에서 나타나는 계절 변동이 없었다. 번식기와 비번식기에 종 구성은 변화하지만, 전체 종수는 계절 변동을 나타내지 않았다. 이는 나그네새 등 이동성 조류가 제주시 험림을 다수 방문하는 것을 나타낸다. 산림성 조류에게 둥지를 제공하는 딱따구리류는 본 조사지에서는 큰오색딱다구리 1종으로 육지의 5종과 차이를 나타낸다. 둥지 길드는 덤불 및 지면에서 둥지를 튼 새는 9종, 숲지붕층 8종, 나무구멍 7종, 인가에서 번식하는 1종이 기록되었다. 조사지에서 큰오색딱다구리는 박새류, 흰눈썹황금새, 호반새의 둥지를 제공하는 핵심종(keystone species)으로서 이 종을 보호하기 위한 산림시업을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess and D.A. Hill(1997) Bird census technique. Academic press limited, London.
  2. Bolger, D.T., T.A. Scott and J.T. Rotenberry(1997) Breeding bird abundance in an urbanizing landscape in coastal southern California. Conservation Biology 11(2): 406-421. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96307.x
  3. Chun, B.S., J.P. Yu, I.H. Paik, H.S. Oh and W.K. Paek(2007) A Study on the Bird Community in Hallasan National Park. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 21(2): 149-160. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Hammer, $\phi$, Harper, D.A.T., and P.D. Ryan(2001) PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1): 9.
  5. Haveri, B.A. and A.B. Carey(2000) Forest management strategy, spatial heterogeneity, and winter birds in Washington. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28(3): 643-652.
  6. Hayes, J.P., J.M. Weikel, M. Manuela and P. Huso(2003) Response of birds to thinning young Dougls-fir forests. Ecological Applications13(5): 1,222-1,232. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5068
  7. Hino, T.(2005) Residents males of small species dominate immigrants of large species in heterospecific winter bird flocks. Orni. Sci. 4(1): 89-94. https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.4.89
  8. Huff, M.H., K.A. Bettinger, H.L. Ferguson, M.J. Brown and B. Altman(2000) A habitat-based point-count protocol for terrestrial birds,emphasizing Washington and Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-501. Portland, OR:U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 39pp.
  9. Kang, C.W., H.M. Kang, W.B. Kim, E.M. Kim, C.R. Park and N.J. Ji(2009) A fieldguide book to the birds of Jeju. Jeju Self- Governing Province, 464pp.
  10. Kim, C.M., C.R. Park, Y.G. Chung, S.K. Son, C.S. Kim and J. Kim(2009) Sustainable forest management of warm-temperate forests. Korea Forest Research Institute News 09-07, 18pp.
  11. Kim, E.M.(2006) The Distribution and Breeding Ecology of Fairy Pitta(Pitta nympha) on Mt. Halla. Research Institute for Mt.Halla, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, pp. 533-545.
  12. Kim, E.M., H.S. Oh, S.B. Kim and W.T. Kim(2003) The Distribution and Habitat Environment of Fairy Pitta(Pitta nympha Temminck & Schlegel) on Jeju Island, Korea. Kor. J. Orni.10(2): 77-86.
  13. Kim, W.B., E.M. Kim, B.S. Kim, H.S. Oh and W.T. Kim(2004) The Avifauna of Donneko and Hannam-ri Artificial Forest, on Jeju Island. Kor. J. Orni. 11(1): 33-39.
  14. Lee, W.S. and C.R. Park(1995) Analysis of Changes on the Forest Environment and the Bird Community in Terms of 'Guild'. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 18(3): 397-408. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Lee, W.S., C.R. Park and K.H. Cho(1996) Management guideline and avifauna of Odaesan area in Odaesan National Park. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 10(1): 1-13. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Lee, W.S., T.H. Koo and J.Y. Park(2000) A field guide to the birds of Korea. Toyokan Publishing, Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan, 327pp.
  17. Mark, B.(2009) Birds of East Asia: China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and Russia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, 528pp.
  18. Oh, H.S. and H.S. Park(1993) A Study on the Community of the Grassland Birds of Cheju Island, Korea. Journal of Science Education 10: 103-112.
  19. Oh, H.S., B.S. Kim and W.B. Kim(2002) A Study on the Bird Communities of Mt. Halla. Kor. J. Orni. 9(2): 85-104. (in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Park, C.R. and W.S. Lee(2001) Characteristics of bird community in Mt. Paldal. Journal of Korean Ecology 15(3): 267-275. (in Korean with English abstract)
  21. Park, C.R. and W.S. Lee(2002) Effects of fragmentation on the bird community in agricultural landscapes. Korean Journal of Environmental and Ecology 16(1): 22-33. (in Korean with English abstract)
  22. Park, C.R., A.R. Seol, J.S. Chung, E.M. Kim, C.W. Kang and S.G. Lee(2008b) The difference of nest web of cavity nesters between Cryptomeria japonica stands and deciduous forests in Jejudo Island, Korea. IUFRO Conference on Biodiversity in forest ecosystems and landscapes, Kamloop, Canada, 5-8 August, 2008.
  23. Park, C.R., E.M. Kim and C.W. Kang(2010) Seasonal change of altitudinal occurrence of birds at Mt.Hallasan: Escalator effects? The International Forestry Review 12(5): 24.
  24. Park, C.R., E.M. Kim, C.W. Kang and S.B. Lee(2009) Habitat suitability model for the bush warbler (Cettia diphone) at Jeju experimental forests of Korea. Fisheries center research reports 17(3): 62-63.
  25. Park, C.R., J. Lee, D. Lee and W.S. Lee(2005) Prediction of species richness of breeding birds by analysis of land cover at Seongnam City, Korea. Korean J. Ecology 28(1): 1-6. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2005.28.1.001
  26. Park, C.R., J.H. Shin and D. Lee(2006) Bibosoop: A Unique Korean Biotope for Cavity Nesting Birds. Journal of Ecology and Field Biology 29(2): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2006.29.2.075
  27. Park, C.R., T. Hino and H. Ito(2008a) Prey distribution, foliage structure, and foraging behavior of insectivorous birds in two oak species (Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis). Ecological Research 23(6): 1,015-1,024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0469-1
  28. Park, H.S. and P.O. Won(1980) A survey of birds in Jeju(Quelpart) Island. Yamashina Inst. Bull. 12(1) : 14-39. https://doi.org/10.3312/jyio1952.12.14
  29. Park, H.S. and W.T. Kim(1980) External Traits of Forest Birds in Jeju Island. Journal of Cheju National University 11: 165-175.
  30. Park, H.S. and W.T. Kim(1982) Survey of Forest Birds in Jeju Island(I). Journal of Cheju National University 13: 151-165.
  31. Park, H.S. and W.T. Kim(1983) Regional Distribution of Birds in Jeju Island. Journal of Cheju National University 16 : 175-186.
  32. Park, H.S.(1976) A Summer Bird Survey on Je-Ju Island. Journal of Culture, Cheju National University 5: 205-218.
  33. Park, H.S.(1984) A Study on the Community Structure of the Forest Birds of the Northern Slope in Mt.Hanla. Journal of Cheju National University 19 : 171-184.
  34. Ralph, C.J., G.R. Geupel, P. Pyle, T.E. Martin, and D.F. Desante(1993) Handbook of field methods for monitoring landbirds. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-144-www, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkley, California, USA.
  35. Rodewald, A.D., and R.H. Yahner(2001) Influence of landscape composition on avian community structure and associated mechanisms Ecology 82(12): 3,493-3,504. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3493:IOLCOA]2.0.CO;2
  36. Roth, R.R.(1976) Spatial heterogeneity and bird species diversity. Ecology 57: 773-782. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936190
  37. Shwarz, A.S. Shirely and S. Kark(2008) How do habitat variability and management regime shape the spatial heterogeneity of birds within a large Mediterranean urban park? Landscape and Urban Planning 84: 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.08.003
  38. So, D.J. and H.S. Park(1987) Study on the community structure of the forest bird in Mt. Halla. Journal of Science Education 4 : 93-126.
  39. Yang, S.N., Y.H. Kim and H.S. Oh(2009) Food resources of Jeju White-backed woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos quelpartensis in breeding season. Kor. J. Orni. 16(1): 29-35. (in Korean with English abstract)
  40. Yun, W.S. and H.S. Park(1986) Structure of the KangJӧng brook bird community in the south slope of Mt. Halla. Journal of Science Education 3: 7-66. (in Korean with English abstract)