Safety and Health at Work

  • 제2권1호
  • /
  • Pages.70-82
  • /
  • 2011
  • /
  • 2093-7911(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-7997(eISSN)
산업안전보건연구원 (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Magnitude of Mortality from Ischemic Heart Disease Attributed to Occupational Factors in Korea - Attributable Fraction Estimation Using Meta-analysis

  • Ha, Jae-Hyeok (Samcheok Health Center) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Geun (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Paek, Do-Myung (Seoul National University School of Public Health) ;
  • Park, Jung-Sun (Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency)
  • 투고 : 2010.08.05
  • 심사 : 2011.01.21
  • 발행 : 2011.03.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objectives: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death in Korea and known to result from several occupational factors. This study attempted to estimate the current magnitude of IHD mortality due to occupational factors in Korea. Methods: After selecting occupational risk factors by literature investigation, we calculated attributable fractions (AFs) from relative risks and exposure data for each factor. Relative risks were estimated using meta-analysis based on published research. Exposure data were collected from the 2006 Survey of Korean Working Conditions. Finally, we estimated 2006 occupation-related IHD mortality. Results: For the factors considered, we estimated the following relative risks: noise 1.06, environmental tobacco smoke 1.19 (men) and 1.22 (women), shift work 1.12, and low job control 1.15 (men) and 1.08 (women). Combined AFs of those factors in the IHD were estimated at 9.29% (0.3-18.51%) in men and 5.78% (-7.05-19.15%) in women. Based on these fractions, Korea's 2006 death toll from occupational IHD between the age of 15 and 69 was calculated at 353 in men (total 3,804) and 72 in women (total 1,246). Conclusion: We estimated occupational IHD mortality of Korea with updated data and more relevant evidence. Despite the efforts to obtain reliable estimates, there were many assumptions and limitations that must be overcome. Future research based on more precise design and reliable evidence is required for more accurate estimates.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Annual report on the cause of death statistics 2007 [Internet]. Daejeon (Korea): Korea National Statistical Office. 2008 - [cited 2008 Nov 12]. Available from: http://meta.kosis.kr/bzmt/main.jsp?surv_id=19&curYear=2007/.
  2. Steenland K, Burnett C, Lalich N, Ward E, Hurrell J. Dying for work: the magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation. Am J Ind Med 2003;43:461-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10216
  3. Comparative quantification of health risks: selected occupational risk factors [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization. 2008 - [cited 2008 Oct 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/publications/cra/chapters/volume2/1651-1802.pdf/.
  4. Nurminen M, Karjalainen A. Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 2001;27:161-213. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.605
  5. Leigh JP, Markowitz SB, Fahs M, Shin C, Landrigan PJ. Occupational injury and illness in the United States. Estimates of costs, morbidity, and mortality. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1557-68. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.14.1557
  6. Olsen O, Kristensen TS. Impact of work environment on cardiovascular diseases in Denmark. J Epidemiol Community Health 1991;45:4-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.45.1.4
  7. Markowitz SB, Fischer E, Fahs MC, Shapiro J, Landrigan PJ. Occupational disease in New York State: a comprehensive examination. Am J Ind Med 1989;16:417-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700160408
  8. Park J, Lee N. 2006 Korean Working Conditions Survey. Incheon (Korea): Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute; 2006. Report No.: OSHRI2006-69-755. 125 p. Korean.
  9. Steenland K, Fine L, Belkic K, Landsbergis P, Schnall P, Baker D, Theorell T, Siegrist J, Peter R, Karasek R, Marmot M, Brisson C, Tuchsen F. Research findings linking workplace factors to CVD outcomes. Occup Med 2000;15:7-68.
  10. Yadegarfar G, McNamee R. Shift work, confounding and death from ischaemic heart disease. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:158-63. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.030627
  11. Sung JD. The effect of job strain on coronary artery disease [dissertation]. Seoul (Korea): Seoul National Univ.; 1999. 56 p. Korean.
  12. Hwang CK, Koh SB, Chang SJ, Park CY, Cha BS, Hyun SJ, Park JH, Lee KM, Cha KT, Park WJ, Jhun HJ. Occupational stress in relation to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease: longitudinal analysis from the NSDSOS Project. Korean J Occup Environ med 2007;19:155-14.
  13. Fourth European working conditions survey [Internet]. Dublin (Ireland): European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working conditions. 2005 - [cited 2009 Jun 8]: Available from: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/surveys/ index.htm/.
  14. Lecin ML. The occurrence of lung cancer in man. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum 1953;9:531-41.
  15. Miettenin O. Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait, or intervention. Am J Epidemiol 1974;99:325-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121617
  16. Virkkunen H, Härmä M, Kauppinen T, Tenkanen L. The triad of shift work, occupational noise, and physical workload and risk of coronary heart disease. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:378-86. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.022558
  17. Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Emberson JR, Jarvis MJ, Feyerabend C, Bryant A, Walker M, Cook DG. Passive smoking and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: prospective study with cotinine measurement. BMJ 2004;329:200-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38146.427188.55
  18. Driscoll T, Takala J, Steenland K, Corvalan C, Fingerhut M. Review of estimates of the global burden of injury and illness due to occupational exposures. Am J Ind Med 2005;48:491-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20194
  19. Willich SN, Wegscheider K, Stallmann M, Keil T. Noise burden and the risk of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006;27:276-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi658
  20. McNamee R, Burgess G, Dippnall WM, Cherry N. Occupational noise exposure and ischaemic heart disease mortality. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:813-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.026245
  21. Virkkunen H, Kauppinen T, Tenkanen L. Long-term effect of occupational noise on the risk of coronary heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health 2005;31:291-9. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.885
  22. Davies HW, Teschke K, Kennedy SM, Hodgson MR, Hertzman C, Demers PA. Occupational exposure to noise and mortality from acute myocardial infarction. Epidemiology 2005;16:25-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000147121.13399.bf
  23. Wen W, Shu XO, Gao YT, Yang G, Li Q, Li H, Zheng W. Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality in Chinese women who have never smoked: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2006;333:376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38834.522894.2F
  24. Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Tzioumis K, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas P. Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the development of acute coronary syndromes: the CARDIO2000 casecontrol study. Tob Control 2002;11:220-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.11.3.220
  25. Rosenlund M, Berglind N, Gustavsson A, Reuterwall C, Hallqvist J, Nyberg F, Pershagen G; SHEEP Study Group. Environmental tobacco smoke and myocardial infarction among never-smokers in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP). Epidemiology 2001;12:558-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200109000-00016
  26. McElduff P, Dobson AJ, Jackson R, Beaglehole R, Heller RF, Lay-Yee R. Coronary events and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a case-control study from Australia and New Zealand. Tob Control 1998;7:41-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.7.1.41
  27. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of passive smoking and coronary heart disease. Circulation 1997;95:2374-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.95.10.2374
  28. Steenland K, Thun M, Lally C, Heath C Jr. Environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease in the American Cancer Society CPS-II cohort. Circulation 1996;94:622-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.4.622
  29. Muscat JE, Wynder EL. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of heart attack. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24:715-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/24.4.715
  30. He Y, Lam TH, Li LS, Li LS, Du RY, Jia GL, Huang JY, Zheng JS. Passive smoking at work as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in Chinese women who have never smoked. BMJ 1994;308:380-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6925.380
  31. Butler TL. The relationship of passive smoking to various health outcomes among Seventh Day Adventists in California [dissertation]. Los Angeles (CA): Univ. of California; 1988.
  32. Svendsen KH, Kuller LH, Martin MJ, Ockene JK. Effects of passive smoking in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126:783-95. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114715
  33. Chen R, Tavendale R, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Environmental tobacco smoke and prevalent coronary heart disease among never smokers in the Scottish MONICA surveys. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:790-2. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.009167
  34. Fujino Y, Iso H, Tamakoshi A, Inaba Y, Koizumi A, Kubo T, Yoshimura T; Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study Group. A prospective cohort study of shift work and risk of ischemic heart disease in Japanese male workers. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:128-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj185
  35. Karlsson B, Alfredsson L, Knutsson A, Andersson E, Toren K. Total mortality and cause-specific mortality of Swedish shiftand dayworkers in the pulp and paper industry in 1952-2001. Scand J Work Environ Health 2005;31:30-5. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.845
  36. Boggild H, Knutsson A. Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Scand J Work Environ Health 1999;25:85-99. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.410
  37. Knutsson A, Hallquist J, Reuterwall C, Theorell T, Akerstedt T. Shiftwork and myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Occup Environ Med 1999;56:46-50. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.1.46
  38. Tenkanen L, Sjöblom T, Kalimo R, Alikoski T, Harma M. Shift work, occupation and coronary heart disease over 6 years of follow-up in the Helsinki Heart Study. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997;23:257-65. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.218
  39. Steenland K, Fine L. Shift work, shift change, and risk of death from heart disease at work. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:278-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199603)29:3<278::AID-AJIM8>3.0.CO;2-M
  40. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Manson JE, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. Prospective study of shift work and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Circulation 1995;92:3178-82. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.92.11.3178
  41. Kuper H, Adami HO, Theorell T, Weiderpass E. Psychosocial determinants of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women: a prospective study in Sweden. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:349-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj212
  42. Netterstrøm B, Kristensen TS, Sjøl A. Psychological job demands increase the risk of ischaemic heart disease: a 14-year cohort study of employed Danish men. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:414-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200606000-00018
  43. Hemmingsson T, Lundberg I. Is the association between low job control and coronary heart disease confounded by risk factors measured in childhood and adolescence among Swedish males 40-53 years of age? Int J Epidemiol 2006;35:616-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi308
  44. De Bacquer D, Pelfrene E, Clays E, Mak R, Moreau M, de Smet P, Kornitzer M, De Backer G. Perceived job stress and incidence of coronary events: 3-year follow-up of the Belgian Job Stress Project cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:434-41. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi040
  45. Andersen I, Burr H, Kristensen TS, Gamborg M, Osler M, Prescott E, Diderichsen F. Do factors in the psychosocial work environment mediate the effect of socioeconomic position on the risk of myocardial infarction? Study from the Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:886-92. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.013417
  46. Kivimaki M, Leino-Arjas P, Luukkonen R, Riihimaki H, Vahtera J, Kirjonen J. Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: prospective cohort study of industrial employees. BMJ 2002;325:857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7369.857
  47. Lee S, Colditz G, Berkman L, Kawachi I. A prospective study of job strain and coronary heart disease in US women. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1147-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.6.1147
  48. Steenland K, Johnson J, Nowlin S. A follow-up study of job strain and heart disease among males in the NHANES1 population. Am J Ind Med 1997;31:256-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199702)31:2<256::AID-AJIM16>3.0.CO;2-0
  49. Johnson JV, Stewart W, Hall EM, Fredlund P, Theorell T. Long-term psychosocial work environment and cardiovascular mortality among Swedish men. Am J Public Health 1996;86:324-31. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.3.324
  50. Alterman T, Shekelle RB, Vernon SW, Burau KD. Decision latitude, psychologic demand, job strain, and coronary heart disease in the Western Electric Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:620-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117051
  51. Kogevinas M. The importance of cultural factors in the recognition of occupational disease. Occup Environ Med 2005;62:286. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.018572
  52. Chang SJ, Koh SB, Kang D, Kim SA, Kang MG, Lee CG, Chung JJ, Cho JJ, Son M, Chae CH, Kim JW, Kim JI, Kim HS, Roh SC, Park JB, Woo JM, Kim SY, Kim JY, Ha M, Park J, Rhee KY, Kim HR, Kong JO, Kim IA, Kim JS, Park JH, Huyun SJ, Son DK. Developing an occupational stress scale for Korean employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2005;17:297-317.
  53. Hirai A, Takata M, Mikawa M, Yasumoto K, Iida H, Sasayama S, Kagamimori S. Prolonged exposure to industrial noise causes hearing loss but not high blood pressure: a study of 2124 factory laborers in Japan. J Hypertens 1991;9:1069-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199111000-00014
  54. Talbott EO, Gibson LB, Burks A, Engberg R, McHugh KP. Evidence for a dose-response relationship between occupational noise and blood pressure. Arch Environ Health 1999;54:71-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039899909602239
  55. van den Hoogen PC, Feskens EJ, Nagelkerke NJ, Menotti A, Nissinen A, Kromhout D. The relation between blood pressure and mortality due to coronary heart disease among men in different parts of the world. Seven Countries Study Research Group. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200001063420101
  56. Smith CJ, Fischer TH, Sears SB. Environmental tobacco smoke, cardiovascular disease, and the nonlinear doseresponse hypothesis. Toxicol Sci 2000;54:462-72. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/54.2.462
  57. Otsuka R, Watanabe H, Hirata K, Tokai K, Muro T, Yoshiyama M, Takeuchi K, Yoshikawa J. Acute effects of passive smoking on the coronary circulation in healthy young adults. JAMA 2001;286:436-41. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.4.436
  58. Hampton SM, Morgan LM, Lawrence N, Anastasiadou T, Norris F, Deacon S, Ribeiro D, Arendt J. Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses in simulated shift work. J Endocrinol 1996;151:259-67. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1510259
  59. van Amelsvoort LG, Schouten EG, Maan AC, Swenne CA, Kok FJ. Changes in frequency of premature complexes and heart rate variability related to shift work. Occup Environ Med 2001;58:678-81. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.10.678
  60. Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Regan MM, Price NJ, Dinges DF, Mullington JM. Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:678-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.050
  61. Boggild H, Burr H, Tüchsen F, Jeppesen HJ. Work environment of Danish shift and day workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2001;27:97-105. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.595
  62. Peters ML, Godaert GL, Ballieux RE, van Vliet M, Willemsen JJ, Sweep FC, Heijnen CJ. Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to experimental stress: effects of mental effort and controllability. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998;23:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00082-6
  63. Kubzansky LD, Kawachi I. Going to the heart of the matter: do negative emotions cause coronary heart disease? J Psychosom Res 2000;48:323-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(99)00091-4
  64. Hernberg S. Work-related diseases--some problems in study design. Scand J Work Environ Health 1984;10:367-72. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2317
  65. Tolonen M, Hernberg S, Nurminen M, Tiitola K. A followup study of coronary heart disease in viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulphide. Br J Ind Med 1975;32:1-10.
  66. Hemingway H, Shipley M, Macfarlane P, Marmot M. Impact of socioeconomic status on coronary mortality in people with symptoms, electrocardiographic abnormalities, both or neither: the original Whitehall study 25 year follow up. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:510-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.7.510
  67. Harma MI, Ilmarinen JE. Towards the 24-hour society--new approaches for aging shift workers? Scand J Work Environ Health 1999;25:610-5. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.488
  68. Akerstedt T, Knutsson A. Cardiovascular disease and shift work. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997;23:241-2. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.216
  69. Liu Y, Tanaka H; Fukuoka Heart Study Group. Overtime work, insufficient sleep, and risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Occup Environ Med 2002;59:447-51. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.7.447
  70. Brunner EJ, Kivimaki M, Siegrist J, Theorell T, Luukkonen R, Riihimaki H, Vahtera J, Kirjonen J, Leino-Arjas P. Is the effect of work stress on cardiovascular mortality confounded by socioeconomic factors in the Valmet study? J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:1019-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2003.016881
  71. Lee BH, Jung SM. Analyses of 2008 supplementary survey on economically active population. Seoul (Korea): Korea Labor Institute; 2008. 99 p. Korean.
  72. Lee S, Colditz GA, Berkman LF, Kawachi I. Prospective study of job insecurity and coronary heart disease in US women. Ann Epidemiol 2004;14:24-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00074-7

피인용 문헌

  1. Fighting Noise Pollution: A Public Health Strategy vol.122, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-A58
  2. Correlation between relative rates of hospital treatment or death due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and of IHD-related medication among socio-occupational and economic activities groups in Denmark, 1996–2005 vol.27, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-014-0276-6
  3. Heavy Lifting at Work and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: Protocol for a Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study vol.3, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.3270
  4. Considerations on the calculation of fractions of cardiovascular disease attributable to psychosocial work factors vol.87, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-013-0919-0
  5. Update on Work-Related Psychosocial Factors and the Development of Ischemic Heart Disease vol.23, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1097/CRD.0000000000000033
  6. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms vol.7, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-015-0018-3
  7. Working Time Arrangements as Potential Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease Among Workers in Denmark: A Study Protocol vol.5, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.5563
  8. Association between re-admission rate and hospital characteristics for ischemic heart disease pp.1473-4877, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2017.1390448
  9. Environmental Noise Pollution in the United States: Developing an Effective Public Health Response vol.122, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307272