Journal of the Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회지)

The Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회)
권호 표지

Dynamics of Economic Spaces and Spatial Economic Inequality in East Asia

경제공간의 역동성과 동아시아지역 공간경제의 불균형

  • Park, Sam-Ock (Department of Geography, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2010.08.03
  • Accepted : 2010.08.20
  • Published : 2010.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand spatial economic inequalities under the framework of the dynamics of economic spaces in relation to the four global megatrends: globalization, knowledge-based economy, information society, and the service world. The international inequalities in East Asia, as well as inter-regional inequalities within Japan, Korea, and Thailand were analyzed. The variables related to the four megatrends, as a whole, have clearly explained the variations in international inequalities in East Asia, as well as the inter-regional inequalities within a nation. The individual impacts of the variables on spatial inequalities are, however, significantly different depending on the spatial scale of analysis and national characteristics. Overall, there has been a convergence trend of international per capita GNI (Gross National Income) in East Asian nations, while both divergent and convergent trends are evident at the regional scale within a nation. Two global oil crises in the 1970s and the East Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s resulted in the discontinuity of the general convergence trend, and have led to the increase of international and inter-regional inequalities in economic activities. This suggests that although the effect of the global crisis differs in each country, in general, the economies of peripheral countries and regions are more vulnerable during a global economic crisis.

이 연구의 목적은 경제공간의 역동성을 이끄는 세계화, 지식기반경제, 정보사회, 서비스세계의 4대 글로벌 메가트랜드를 통해 국가간 및 지역간에 나타나는 공간경제의 불균형을 이해하는 것이다. 동아시아를 대상으로 국가간 불균형과 일본, 한국, 태국을 사례 로 국가 내에서 지역간 불균형을 분석하였다. 4대 메가트랜드와 관련된 변수들을 모두 고려할 때, 4대 글로벌 메가트랜드는 국제적인 차원과 국가내의 지역적인 차원에서 불균형의 변이를 설명해주고 있다. 그러나 개별변수들이 공간적 불균형에 미치는 영향은 분석의 공간적 규모와 국가적 특성에 따라 달리 나타난다. 대체로 동아시아국가들간에 1인당 GNI는 수렴하는 경향을 보이고, 한 국가내의 지역차원에서는 불균형이 줄어드는 경향과 확대하는 경향이 함께 나타나고 있다. 1970년대의 두 차례의 석유파동과 1990년대 말경의 동아시아 금융위기는 일반적인 불균형완화경향의 연속성을 단절시키는 결과를 초래했고, 경제활동의 지역간 국제간 불균형을 증가시켰다. 이는 세계적인 위기의 영향이 국가에 따라 다르지만 일반적으로 주변국가와 주변지역의 경제는 세계적 경제위기상황에서 더욱 취약하다는 점을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alvstam, C. G. and Schamp, E. W., 2005, Linking Industries across the World, Ashgate, Aldershot.
  2. Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., and Maskell, P., 2004, Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132504ph469oa
  3. Bryson, J. R., Daniels, P. W., and Warf, B., 2004, Service Worlds, People, Organizations, Technologies, Routledge, London and New York.
  4. Clark, G. L. and Kim, W. B., 1995, Asian NIEs & the Global Economy, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
  5. Coulombe, S., 2007, Globalization and regional disparity: A Canadian case study, Regional Studies, 41(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601099698
  6. Florida, R., 1995, Towards the learning region, Futures, 27, 527-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(95)00021-N
  7. Florida, R., 2002, The Rise of the Creative Class, Basic Books, New York.
  8. Fujita, M., Krugman, P., and Venables, A. J., 2001, The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
  9. Gertler, M. S., 1995, 'Being there': Proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, Economic Geography, 71, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/144433
  10. Hamaguchi, N., 2009, Regional integration, agglomeration, and income distribution in East Asia, in Huang, Y. and Bocchi, A. M. (eds.), Reshaping Economic Geography in East Asia, 1-18.
  11. Harrington, J. W. and Daniels, P. W., 2006, Knowledge- Based Services, Internationalization and Regional Development, Ashgate, Aldershot.
  12. Hayter, R., 1997, The Dynamics of Industrial Location, Wiley, Chichester, New York, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.
  13. Hyundai Economic Research Institute, 2010, Stagnation and promotion issues of regional economy, Weekly Review of Economy, Vol. 10-03.
  14. Kanbur, R. and Rapoport, H., 2005, Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality, Journal of Economic Geography, 5(1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlecg/lbh053
  15. Li, F., Whalley, J., and Williams, H., 2001, Between physical and electronic spaces: The implications for organizations in the networked economy, Environment and Planning A, 33, 699-716. https://doi.org/10.1068/a33161
  16. Malecki, E. J., 2002, The economic geography of internet's infrastructure, Economic Geography, 78(4), 399-424. https://doi.org/10.2307/4140796
  17. Markusen, A. R., 1996, Sticky places in slippery space: A typology of industrial districts, Economic Geography, 72(3), 293-313. https://doi.org/10.2307/144402
  18. Martin, R., 2001, EMU versus the region? Regional convergence and divergence in Euroland, Journal of Economic Geography, 1(1), 51-80. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/1.1.51
  19. Martin, R. and Sunley, P., 1998, Slow donvergence? The new endogenous growth theory and regional development, Economic Geography, 74(3), 201-227. https://doi.org/10.2307/144374
  20. Oinas, P. and Malecki, E. J., 1999, Spatial innovation systems, in Malecki, E. J. and Oinas, P. (eds.), Making Connections: Technological Learning and Regional Economic Change, Aldershot, Ashigate, 7-34.
  21. Park, S. O., 1993, Industrial restructuring and the spatial division of labor: The case of the Seoul metropolitan region, the Republic of Korea, Environmental Planning A, 25, 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1068/a250081
  22. Park, S. O., 1997, Rethinking the Pacific Rim, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie (Journal of Economic and Social Geography), 88(5), 425-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1997.tb01637.x
  23. Park, S. O., 2003, Economic spaces in the Pacific Rim: A paradigm shift and new dynamics, Papers in Regional Science, 82(2), 223-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101100200144
  24. Park, S. O., 2004, The impact of business to business electronic commerce on the dynamics of metropolitan spaces, Urban Geography, 25(4), 289-314. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.25.4.289
  25. Park, S. O., 2005, Network, embeddedness, and cluster processes of new economic spaces in Korea, in Le Heron, R. and Harrington, J. W. (eds.), New Economic Spaces: New Economic Geographies, Aldershot, UK, Ashgate, 6-14.
  26. Park, S. O., 2006, Service world and the Dynamics of Economic Spaces, in Harrington, J. W. and Daniels, P. W. (eds.), 2006, Knowledge-based Services, Internationalization and Regional Development, 15-40.
  27. Park, S. O., 2007, Industrial restructuring and changes of economic spaces, in Chung, U. C. and Cho, H. S., (eds.)., Financial Crisis + 10, How Has It Changed Korea?, SNU Press, Seoul, 59-101 (in Korean).
  28. Park, S. O., 2009a, A history of the Republic of Korea's industrial structural transformation and spatial development, in Huang, Y. and Bocchi, A. M., (eds.), Reshaping Economic Geography in East Asia, 320-337.
  29. Park, S. O., 2009b, Long-term Visions and Strategies for the Regional Development Policies of Korea, Proceedings, Reshaping Regional Policy: Coprosperity and Competitiveness, Presidential Committee for Regional Development, 75-103.
  30. Polenske, K. R., 2007, The Economic Geography of Innovation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  31. Ravallion, M. and Jalan, J., 1996, Growth divergence due to spatial externalities, Economic Letters, 53, 227-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(96)00899-3
  32. Rychen, F. and Zimmermann, J., 2008, Special issue: Clusters in the global knowledge-based economy: Knowledge gatekeepers and temporary proximity, Regional Studies, 42(6), 767-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400802088300
  33. Rey, S. J. and Janikas, M. V., 2005, Regional convergence, inequality, and space, Journal of Economic Geography, 5(2), 155-176. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlecg/lbh044
  34. Rychen, F. and Zimmermann, J. B., 2008, Clusters in the global knowledge-based economy: Knowledge gatekeepers and temporary proximity, Regional Studies, 42(6), 767-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400802088300
  35. Scott, A. J., 1988, New Industrial Spaces - Flexible Production Organization and Regional Development in North America and Western Europe, Pion, London.
  36. Storper, M., 1997, The Regional World, The Guilford Press, New York and London.
  37. Torre, A., 2008, On the role played by temporary geographical proximity in knowledge transmission, Regional Studies, 42(6), 869-889. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400801922814
  38. World Bank, 2009, Reshaping Economic Geography, 2009 World Development Report, World Bank, Washington D.C.
  39. Yamamoto, D., 2008, Scales of regional income disparities in the USA, 1955-2003, Journal of Economic Geography, 8(1), 79-103.
  40. Zook, M. A. 2002, Hubs, nods and by-passed places: A typology of e-commerce regions in the United States, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 93(5), 509-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00222