DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distribution of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the Southwestern East Sea in Summer

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences/Research Institute of Oceanography Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Gue-Buem (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences/Research Institute of Oceanography Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2010.08.12
  • Accepted : 2010.09.13
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

In the summer of 2008 (August 4-14), vertical and horizontal distributions of inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured in the southwestern East Sea. Concentrations of DOC were determined for the first time in the southwestern East Sea using the high-temperature combustion oxidation (HTCO) method, and results were compared with those measured by another laboratory. Concentrations of DOC ranged from 58 to 104 ${\mu}M$ in the upper 200 m, showing a typical decreasing pattern with depth. Generally, concentrations of DOC were relatively lower, with higher nutrient concentrations, in the upper layer of the coastal upwelling zone. Concentrations of DOC ranged from 54 to 64 ${\mu}M$ in the deep Ulleung Basin (200-1500 m), and were higher than those in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. In association with rapid vertical ventilation of the euphotic, this difference indicates a larger accumulation of semi-labile DOC in the deep East Sea than in the major oceans. A correlation between apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and DOC in the deep ocean of the East Sea revealed that only a small portion (<10%) of the sinking DOC, relative to the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC), contributes to microbial degradation. Our results present an important data set of DOC in the East Sea, which plays a critical role in carbon cycle modeling and sequestration.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn YH, Shanmugam P, Moon JE, Ryu JH (2008) Satellite remote sensing of a low-salinity water plume in the East China Sea. Ann Geophys 26:2019-2035 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-2019-2008
  2. Bauer JE, Williams PM, Druffel ERM (1992) $^{14}C$ activity of dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north central Pacific and Sargasso Sea. Nature 357:667-670 https://doi.org/10.1038/357667a0
  3. Carlson CA, Ducklow HW, Michaels AF (1994) Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Nature 371:405-408 https://doi.org/10.1038/371405a0
  4. Carlson CA, Ducklow HW (1995) Dissolved organic carbon in the upper ocean of the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, 1992: daily and finescale vertical variations. Deep-Sea Res II 42:639-656 https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(95)00023-J
  5. Chang KI, Kim YB, Suk MS, Byun SK (2002) Hydrography around Dokdo. Ocean and Polar Res 24:369-389 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2002.24.4.369
  6. Chen CTA, Bychkov AS, Wang SL, Pavlova GYu (1999) An anoxic Sea of Japan by the year 2200? Mar Chem 67:249-265 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00074-2
  7. Dittmar T, Hertkorn N, Kattner G, Lara RJ (2006) Mangroves, a major source of dissolved organic carbon to the oceans. Global Biogeochem Cy 20. doi:10.1029/2005GB002570
  8. Doval M, Hansell DA (2000) Organic carbon and apparent oxygen utilization in the western South Pacific and central Indian Ocean. Mar Chem 68:249-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00081-X
  9. Druffel ERM, Bauer JE, Williams PM, Griffin S, Wolgast D (1996) Seasonal variability of particulate organic radiocarbon in the northeast Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res 101(20):543-552
  10. Druffel ERM, Griffin S, Bauer JE, Wolgast DM, Wang XC, (1998) Distribution of particulate organic carbon and radiocarbon in the water column from the upper slope to the abyssal NE Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res II 45:667-687 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00002-2
  11. Druffel ERM, Williams PM, Suzuki Y (1989) Radiocarbon levels and concentrations of dissolved organic matter in Pacific Ocean waters. Geophys Res Lett 16:991-994 https://doi.org/10.1029/GL016i009p00991
  12. Gamo T (1999) Global warming may have showed down the deep conveyor belt of a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific: Japan Sea. Geophys Res Lett 26:3137-3140 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL002341
  13. Hahm D, Kim KR (2008) Observation of bottom water renewal and export production in the Japan Basin, East Sea using tritium and helium isotopes. J Korean Soc Oceanogr 43:39-48 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03022430
  14. Hansell DA, Carlson CA (1998) Net community production of dissolved organic carbon. Global Biogeochem Cy 12:443-453 https://doi.org/10.1029/98GB01928
  15. Hansell DA, Carlson CA (2001) Biogeochemistry of total organic carbon and nitrogen in the Sargasso Sea: control by convective overturn. Deep-Sea Res II 48:1649-1667 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00153-3
  16. Hansell DA, Carlson CA, Suzuki Y (2002) Dissolved organic carbon export with North Pacific intermediate water formation. Global Biogeochem Cy 16:77-84
  17. Hong GH, Kim YI, Baskaran M, Kim SH, Chung CS (2008) Distribution of $^{210}$Po and export of organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the southwestern East Sea (Sea of Japan). J Oceanogr 64:277-292 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-008-0022-4
  18. Kang DJ, Kim K, Kim KR (2004) The past, present and future of the East/Japan Sea in change: a simple moving-boundary box model approach. Prog Ocenogr 61:175-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2004.06.006
  19. Kepkay PE, Wells ML (1992) Dissolved organic carbon in North Atlantic surface waters. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 80:275-283 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080275
  20. Kieber DJ, McDaniel J, Mopper K (1989) Photochemical source of biological substrates in sea water: Implications for carbon cycling. Nature 341:637-639 https://doi.org/10.1038/341637a0
  21. Kim K, Kim KR, Min DH, Volkov Y, Yoon JH, Takematsu M (2001) Warming and structural changes in the East (Japan) Sea: A clue to future changes in global oceans? Geophy Res Lett 28(17):3293-3296 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013078
  22. Kim KR, Kim K (1996) What is happening in the East Sea (Japan Sea)?: recent chemical observations during CREAMS 93-96. J Korean Soc Oceanogr 31:164-172
  23. Kim KR, Kim K, Kang DJ, Park SY, Park MK, Kim YG, Min HS, Min D (1999) The East Sea (Japan Sea) in change: a story of dissolved oxygen. MTS J 33:15-22
  24. Kim TH, Lee YW, Kim G (2010) Hydrographically mediated patterns of photosynthetic pigments in the East/Japan Sea: Low N:P ratios and cyanobacterial dominance. J Mar Syst 82:72-79 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.03.005
  25. Lim DB (1971) On the origin of the Tsushima Current Water. J Oceanol Soc Korea 6:85-91
  26. Mopper K, Zhou XL, Kieber RJ, Kieber DJ, Sikorski RJ, Jones RD (1991) Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon and its impact on the oceanic carbon cycle. Nature 353:60-62 https://doi.org/10.1038/353060a0
  27. Otosaka S, Tanaka T, Togawa O, Amano H, Karasev EV, Minakawa M, Noriki S (2008) Deep sea circulation of particulate organic carbon in the Japan Sea. J Oceanogr 64:911-923 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-008-0075-4
  28. Park GH, Lee K, Tishchenko P (2008) Sudden, considerable reduction in recent uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the East/Japan Sea. Geophys Res Lett 20. doi: 10.1029/2008GL035672
  29. Sharp JH (1997) Marine dissolved organic matter: Are the older values correct? Mar Chem 56:265-277 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(96)00075-8
  30. Sugimura Y, Suzuki Y (1988) A high-temperature catalytic oxidation method for the determination of non-volatile dissolved organic carbon in seawater by direct injection of a liquid sample. Mar Chem 24(2):105-131 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(88)90043-6
  31. Tsunogai S, Watanabe YW, Harada K, Watanabe S, Saito S, Nakajima M (1993) Dynamics of the Japan Sea deep water studied with chemical and radiochemical tracers. In: Teramoto T (ed) Deep Ocean Circulation, Physical and Chemical Aspects Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 105-119
  32. Watanabe YW, Watanabe S, Tsunogai S (1991) Tritium in the Japan Sea and the renewal time of the Japan Sea deep water. Mar Chem 34:97-108 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(91)90016-P

Cited by

  1. Dissolved organic carbon in the precipitation of Seoul, Korea: Implications for global wet depositional flux of fossil-fuel derived organic carbon vol.59, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.044
  2. Importance of dissolved organic carbon flux through submarine groundwater discharge to the coastal ocean: Results from Masan Bay, the southern coast of Korea vol.173, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.03.013
  3. Spatio-Temporal Variation of Cold Water Masses along the Eastern Coast of Korea in 2013 and 2014 vol.22, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2016.22.3.286
  4. Extraordinary slow degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a cold marginal sea vol.5, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13808