Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회)
권호 표지

Anti-inflammatory Function of the Sophora japonica Extract Rutin: The Inhibitory Effect of Rutin of Korean Sophora japonica on the Productions of NO and TNF-alpha from Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

괴화 추출물 루틴의 소염작용: 쥐의 복강대식세포로부터 NO와 TNF-alpha 생산에 있어서 괴화 루틴에 의한 억제효과

  • Lee, Mu-Hong (Department of Immunology, Medical School, Konkuk University) ;
  • Jeong, Jae-Hyun (Division of food and Biotechnology, Chungju National University) ;
  • Jeong, Myeong-Soo (Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Chang, Sung-Ho (Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Her, Erk (Department of Immunology, Medical School, Konkuk University)
  • 이무홍 (건국대학교 의학전문대학원 면역학교실) ;
  • 정재현 (충주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정명수 ((주)한미양행) ;
  • 장성호 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 생화학교실) ;
  • 허억 (건국대학교 의학전문대학원 면역학교실)
  • Received : 2010.02.19
  • Accepted : 2010.04.20
  • Published : 2010.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Korean Sophora japonica has been found to posses an anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, Korean Sophora japonica extract, rutin, was used to know whether rutin inhibits to produce inflammatory mediators NO and TNF-$\alpha$ from the mouse peritoneal macrophages that were treated an inflammatory agent LPS. The rutin-1 hr pretreated macrophages were incubated with LPS for 0.5~5 hrs, and then collected the supernatant and the cell lysate for measurements of the level of iNOS, NO, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA, TNF-$\alpha$, and p-NF-${\kappa}B$. Minimal and maximal effective doses of the rutin on them were 1 and $100{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The maximal effective dose of rutin certainly inhibted the productions of iNOS, NO, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA, TNF-$\alpha$and p-NF-${\kappa}B$ from the LPS-treated macrophages (p<0.0001). Its $ED_{50}$ for inhibition of TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA and p-NF-${\kappa}B$ was $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and for iNOS, NO, and TNF-$\alpha$ was $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The rutin did not have any cytotoxic effect. As the results, the Sophora japonica rutin could be a good candidate for an anti-inflammatory action.

Keywords

References

  1. Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Teyton L and Virelizier JL. (1987). Immunoregulatory mediators in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology (Supplement). 66:13-17.
  2. Ashworth PJ, Harrison RA, Miller NG, Plummer JM and Watson PF. (1995). Flow cytometric detection of bicarbonateinduced changes in lectin binding in boar and ram sperm populations. Molecular Reproduction and Development. 40:164-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400205
  3. Bredt DS, Ferris CD and Snyder SH. (1992). Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites. Phosphorylation by cyclic AMPdependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/ calmodulin protein kinase; identification of flavin and calmodulin binding sites. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267:10976-10981.
  4. Chang SH, Jun MH, Kang TB, Mun SH, Lee JH, Seong NS, Lee ST, Kim JB and Her E. (2001). The effect of Korean mistletoe extract MIIC (non-lectin components) on IL-1$\beta$ release and expression from macrophages. Immune Network. 1:170-178. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2001.1.2.170
  5. Chang SH, Mun SH, Ko NY, Lee JH, Jun MH, Seo JY, Kim YM, Choi WS and Her E. (2005). The synergistic effect of phytohemagglutinin and interferon-gamma on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from RAW 264.7 cells. Immunology Letters. 98:137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2004.10.029
  6. Cutolo M, Capellino S, Montagna P, Villaggio B, Sulli B, Seriolo B, Straub B and Straub RH. (2003). New roles of estrogen in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 21:687-690.
  7. Dinerman JL, Lowenstein CJ and Snyder SH. (1993), Molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide regulation. Potential relevance to cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research. 73:217-222. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.73.2.217
  8. Gorbacheva LA, Grishkovets VI, Drozd GA and Chirva VYa. (1996). Triterpene glycosides from Sophora japonica L. seeds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 404:501-504.
  9. Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS and Tannenbaum SR. (1982). Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and $[^{15}N]$nitrate in biological fluids. Analytical Biochemistry. 126:131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X
  10. Harrisson JW, Seltzer BW and Martin EW. (1950). The spectrophotometric examination and acute toxicity of rutins obtained from Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) and Sophora japonica. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 39:556-559. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.3030391007
  11. Jeoung YJ, Choi SY, An CS, Jeon YH, Park DK and Lim BO. (2009). Comparative effect on anti-inflammatory activity on the Phellinus linteus and Phellinus linteus grown in germinated brown rice extracts in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Korean Journal Medicinal Corp Science. 17:97-101.
  12. Jun MH, Kang TB, Chang SH, Choi WS, Seong NS and Her E. (2007). Effect of M11C (non-lectin components) obtained from Korean mistletoe on the IL-1$\beta$ secretion from mouse splenocytes. Korean Journal Medicinal Corp Science. 15:38-45.
  13. Jung CH, Zhou S, Ding GX, Kim JH, Hong MH, Shin YC, Kim GJ and Ko SG. (2006). Antihyperglycemic activity of herb extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 70:2556-2559. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60238
  14. Kim BH, Chung EY, Min BK, Lee SH, Kim MK, Min KR and Kim Y. (2003). Anti-inflammatory action of legume isoflavonoid sophoricoside through inhibition on cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Planta Medica. 69:474-476. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39712
  15. Kim BH, Chung EY, Ryu JC, Jung SH, Min KR and Kim Y. (2003). Anti-inflammatory mode of isoflavone glycoside sophoricoside by inhibition of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 in inflammatory response. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 26:306-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976960
  16. Kim JM and Yun-Choi HS. (2008). Anti-platelet effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-glycosides from Sophora japonica. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 31:886-890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-001-1242-1
  17. Lao CJ, Lin JG, Kuo JS, Chao PD, Cheng CY, Tang NY and Hsieh CL. (2005). Microglia, apoptosis and interleukin-1 beta expression in the effect of Sophora japonica on cerebral infarct induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 33:425-438. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X0500303X
  18. Le J and Vilcek J. (1987). Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin I: Cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. Laboratory Investigation. 56:234-248.
  19. Lee JE, Lee JY, Choi JI, Kim CK and Kim SJ. (2005). Suppression of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 production by methanol extract of Sophora flos in macrophage cells. Journal of Korean Academy of Periodontology. 35:9-17. https://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2005.35.1.9
  20. Lind DS, Kontaridis MI, Edwards PD, Josephs MD, Moldawer LL and Copeland EM 3rd. (1997). Nitric oxide contributes to adriamycin's antitumor effect. The Journal of Surgical Research. 69:283-287. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1997.5015
  21. Lee MH, Lee ML, Jun SH, Ha CG, Lee SH, Kim NW, Lee JH, Ko NY, Mun SH, Park SH, Kim BK, Her E, Kim YM and Choi WS. (2007). In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory action of the ethanol extract of Trachelospermi caulis. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 59:123-130. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.59.1.0016
  22. Mukhamedova KS and Glushenkova AI. (1997). Phospholipids of ripe Sophora japonica seeds. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 33:445-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02282362
  23. Nathan C. (1997). Inucible nitric oxide synthase: what difference does it make? The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 94:5243-5248.
  24. Paniwnyk L, Beaufoy E, Lorimer JP and Mason TJ. (2001) The extraction of rutin flower buds of Sophora japonica. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 8:299-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(00)00075-4
  25. Scheer R. (1993). The effect of mistletoe lectins on the limulus amebocyte lysate test. Arzneimittelforschung. 43:795-800.
  26. Selloum L, Bouriche H, Tigrine C and Boudoukha C. (2003). Anti-inflammatory effect of rutin on rat paw oedema, and on neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology. 54:313-318. https://doi.org/10.1078/0940-2993-00260
  27. Snyder SH and Bredt DS. (1992). Biological roles of nitric oxide. Scientific American. 266(5):68-71, 74-77. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0592-68
  28. Soaresa VCG, Varandab EA and Raddib MSG. (2006). In vitro basal and metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity of flavonoids. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 44:835-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.006
  29. Sun A, Sun Q and Liu R. (2007). Preparative isolation and purification of flavone compounds from Sophora japonica L. by high speed counter-current chromatography combined with macroporous resin column separation. Journal of Separation Science. 30:1013-1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600334
  30. Tracey KJ, Lowry SF and Cerami A. (1988). Cachectin: a hormone that triggers acute shock and chronic cachexia. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 157:413-420.
  31. Wang ZL, Sun JY, Wang DN, Xie YH, Wang SW and Zhao WM. (2006). Pharmacological studies of the large-scale purified genistein from Huaijiao (Sophora japonica-Leguminosae) on antiosteoporosis. Phytomedicine. 13:718-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2005.09.005
  32. Wu K, Goyal N, Stark JG and Hochhaus G. (2008). Evaluation of the administration time effect on the cumulative cortisol suppression and cumulative lymphocytes suppression for oncedaily inhaled corticosteroids: A population modeling/simulation approach. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 48:1069-1080. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270008320607
  33. Youn HJ, Lakritz J, Kim DY, Rottinghaus GE and Marsh AE. (2003). Anti-protozoal efficacy of medicinal herb extracts against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Veterinary Parasitology. 116:7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00154-7