References
- Jeon, H. K., Kim, S. G. and Jung, N. P. (1991) Effects of ginseng saponin fraction and cyclophosphamide on the tumoricidal activity of mouse macrophage and the antitumor effect. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 15: 99-105.
- Kim, M. J. and Jung, N. P. (1987) The effect of ginseng saponin on the mouse immune system. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 11: 130-135.
- Kang, S. Y. and Kim, N. D. (1992) The antihypertensive effect of red ginseng saponin and the endothelium-derived vascular relaxation. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 16: 175-182.
- Joo, C. N. and Kim, J. H. Study on the hypoglycemic action of ginseng saponin on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats (I). Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 16: 190-197.
- Oliveira, A. C. C., Perez, A. C., Merino, G., Prietp, J. G. and Alvarez A.I. (2001) Protective effects of Panax Ginseng on muscle injury and inflammation after eccentric exercise. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 130: 369-377.
- Kim, J. S., Kim, K. W., Choi, K. J., Kwak, Y. K., Im, K. S., Lee, K. M. and Chung, H. Y. (1996) Screening of antioxidative components from red ginseng saponin. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 20: 173-178.
- Kim, K. H., Lee, Y. S., Jung, I. S., Park, S. Y., Chung, H. Y., Lee, I. R. and Yun, Y. S. (1998) Acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, ginsan, induces Th1 cell and macrophage cytokines and generates LAK cells in synergy with r II-2. Planta Med. 64: 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957385
- Ng, T. B. and Wang, H. (2001) Panaxagin, a new protein from Chinese ginseng possesses antifungal, anti-viral, translation-inhibiting and ribonuclease activities. Life Science 68: 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00970-X
- Kim, K. H., Na, J. Y., Jo, D. H. and Lee, C. Y. (1987) Extraction and purification of ginseng oligopeptides with antilipolytic activities. Korean Agric. Chem. Soc. 30: 88-94.
-
Lee, J. W., Sohn, H. O. and Do, J. H. (2000) Function of the water soluble browning reaction products isolated from Korean red ginseng 2. Linoleic acid, Ox-brain autoxidant and
$Fe^{2+}$ ADP/NAD system. J. Ginseng Res. 24: 35-40. - Wee, J. J., Park, J. D., Kim, M. W. and Lee, H. J. (1989) Identification of phenolic antioxidant components isolated from Panax ginseng. J. Korean Agric. Chem. Sco. 32: 50-56.
- Shin, J. G., Park, J. W., Pyo, J. K., Chung, M. H. (1990) Protective effects of a ginseng component, maltol(2-methyl-3-hydroxyl-4-pyrone) against tissue damages induced by oxygen radicals. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 14: 187-190.
- Wang, C. Z., Wu, J. A., Mcentee, E. and Yuan, C. S. (2006) Saponins composition in American ginseng leaf and berry assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 2261-2266. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052993w
- Attele, A. S., Zhou, Y. P., Xie, J. T., Wu, J. A., Zhang, L., Dey, L., Pugh, W., Rue, P. A., Polonsky, K. S. and Yuan, C. S. (2002) Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component. Diabetes 51: 1851-1858. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1851
- Emerit, I. (1992) Free radicals and aging of the skin. EXE. 62: 328-341.
- Brenneisen, P., Sies, H. and Scharffetter-Kochanek, K. (2002) Ultraviolet-B irradiation and matrix metalloproteinases : from induction via signaling to initial events. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 973: 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04602.x
- Puizina-Ivic, N. (2008) Skin aging. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. 17(2): 47-54.
- Lee, E. H., Cho, S. Y., Kim, S. J., Shin, E. S., Chang, H. K., Kim, D. H., Yeom, M. H., Woo, K.S., Lee, J.S., Sim, Y.C. and Lee, T.R. (2003) Ginsenoside F1 protects human HaCat keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis by maintaining constant levels of Bcl-2. J. Invest. Dermatol. 121(3): 607-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12425.x
- Kim, S. J., Kang, B. Y., Cho, S. Y., Sung, D. S., Chang, H. K., Yeom, M. H., Kim, D. H., Sim, Y. C. and Lee, Y. S. (2004) Compound K induces expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 gene in transformed human keratinocytes and increases hyaluronan in hairless mouse skin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316: 348-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.046
- Fleischmajer, R., Perlish, J. S. and Bashey, R. I. (1972) Human dermal glycosaminoglycans and aging. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 279: 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(72)90142-0
- Longas, M. O., Russell, C. S. and He, X. Y. (1987) Evidence for structural changes in dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid with aging. Carbohydr. Res. 159: 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90010-7
- Ghersetich, I., Lotti, T., Campanile, G., Grappone, C. and Dini, G. (1994) Hyaluronic acid in cutaneous intrinsic aging. Int. J. Dermatol. 33: 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01540.x