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Characterization of Interfacial Adhesion of Cu-Cu Bonding Fabricated by Thermo-Compression Bonding Process

열가압 접합 공정으로 제조된 Cu-Cu 접합의 계면 접합 특성 평가

  • Kim, Kwang-Seop (Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division, KIMM) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Jung (Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division, KIMM) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Yeoun (NEMS/Bio Team, National Nanofab Center) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Hyun (Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division, KIMM) ;
  • Hyun, Seung-Min (Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division, KIMM) ;
  • Lee, Hak-Joo (Nano Convergence and Manufacturing Systems Research Division, KIMM)
  • 김광섭 (한국기계연구원 나노융합.생산시스템 연구본부) ;
  • 이희정 (한국기계연구원 나노융합.생산시스템 연구본부) ;
  • 김희연 (국가나노종합팹센터 넴스바이오팀) ;
  • 김재현 (한국기계연구원 나노융합.생산시스템 연구본부) ;
  • 현승민 (한국기계연구원 나노융합.생산시스템 연구본부) ;
  • 이학주 (한국기계연구원 나노융합.생산시스템 연구본부)
  • Received : 2009.12.31
  • Accepted : 2010.06.01
  • Published : 2010.07.01

Abstract

Four-point bending tests were performed to investigate the interfacial adhesion of Cu-Cu bonding fabricated by thermo-compression process for three dimensional packaging. A pair of Cu-coated Si wafers was bonded under a pressure of 15 kN at $350^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, followed by post annealing at $350^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The bonded wafers were diced into $30\;mm\;{\times}\;3\;mm$ pieces for the test. Each specimen had a $400-{\mu}m$-deep notch along the center. An optical inspection module was installed in the testing apparatus to observe crack initiation at the notch and crack propagation over the weak interface. The tests were performed under a fixed loading speed, and the corresponding load was measured. The measured interfacial adhesion energy of the Cu-to-Cu bonding was $9.75\;J/m^2$, and the delaminated interfaces were analyzed after the test. The surface analysis shows that the delamination occurred in the interface between $SiO_2$ and Ti.

3 차원 패키징을 위해 열가압 공정으로 제조된 Cu-Cu 접합 계면의 접합 특성을 평가하기 위해 4 점 굽힘 실험을 수행하였다. Cu가 코팅된 Si 웨이퍼 2 장을 $350^{\circ}C$에서 1 시간 동안 15kN 의 하중으로 접합시킨 후, 동일한 온도에서 1 시간동안 어닐닝을 수행하였다. 접합된 웨이퍼를 $30\;mm\;{\times}\;3\;mm$ 크기로 잘라 시험편을 준비하였다. 시험편의 중심에 깊이 $400\;{\mu}m$의 노치를 가공하였다. 시험기에 광학계를 부착하여 노치에서의 크랙 발생과 계면에서의 크랙 진전을 관찰하였다. 일정한 테스트 속도로 실험을 수행하여, 이에 상응하는 하중을 측정하였다. Cu-Cu 접합 계면 에너지는 $10.36\;J/m^2$ 으로 측정되었으며, 파괴된 계면을 분석하였다. 표면 분석 결과, $SiO_2$와 Ti의 계면에서 파괴가 일어났음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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